请问做逻辑题该如何提速？

tinnashen

我的速度超慢平均 2分半，请问该如何提速，在保证正确率的前提下。。。谢谢

爱吃巧克力

hi,我觉得平均2min差不多了，个人认为逻辑就是考阅读能力，能迅速读懂并且捕获信息就够了，所以关键是提高阅读速度吧

littlexian

I think 迅速捕获信息 is very very important. It lets you wont go out of scope and get confused by wrong choices. which saves you a lot of time and score too!

After reading the passage, try to find out what the question is going to ask you about without looking at the question. After you read the question, try to get possible answers in your mind before reading the choices.

Therefore, you can quickly catch the possible answer(s) and kicked rest of them out.

tinnashen

谢谢2位热心解答，我行动去了

sdcar2010

1) Recognize the key words such as Therefore, Thus, Since, Because, Conclusively, Clearly, etc., which indicate either a premise or a conclusion.
2) Know which is the premise and which is the conclusion.
3) Recognize the logic chain involved from premise to conclusion.
4) Notice the gap between premise and conclusion, if there is any.
5) Become crystal clear about the scope of the argument. Most wrong choices are out of the scope.
6) Be familiar with common logical fallacies.
7) Then label 5 answer choices as contenders and losers. If only one contender left, that is the correct answer.
8) If there are more than one contender left, focus ONLY on these contenders and figure out why one is the best, thus, the correct answer.

tinnashen

sdcar2010 您能详细讲讲 common logical fallacies吗？谢谢

sdcar2010

A fallacy is an "argument" in which the premises given for the conclusion do not provide the needed degree of support. It involves an error made in logical reasoning.

1) Circular reasoning: This is a fallacy in which the premises include the claim that the conclusion is true or (directly or indirectly) assume that the conclusion is true.
Example: If such actions were not illegal, then they would not be prohibited by law.

2) Biased-sample fallacy: A sample that is not representative of the population which is under consideration. This fallacy is committed when a person draws a conclusion about a population based on a sample that is biased or prejudiced in some manner.
Large scale polls were taken in California, Washington and Maine and it was found that an average of 65% of those polled spent at least two weeks a year near the ocean. So, it can be safely concluded that around 65% of all Americans spend at least fortnight near the ocean each year.

3) Insufficient sample fallacy: When an inadequate sample is used to justify the conclusion drawn.
Example: Nancy said her physics class was hard, and the one I'm taking is hard, too. All physics classes must be hard!

4) Ad hominen: An attack is made upon a person rather than upon the statement that person has made.
Example: Peter has written several posts arguing that demoncracy benefits China. But Peter was once put in jail in China, so you shouldn't listen to him.

5) Faulty Analogy: Similarity drawn between things that are not relevant to characteristic being inferred.
Example: Guns are like hammers—they're both tools with metal parts that could be used to kill someone. And yet it would be ridiculous to restrict the purchase of hammers—so restrictions on purchasing guns are equally ridiculous.

6) Straw Man: The person is potrayed as someone that they are not.
Example: Parents want to ban all online games and punish every child who plays it! But such harsh measures are surely inappropriate, so the parents are wrong: onling games and their users should be left alone.

7) Post Hoc, or "After this, therefore because of this": fallacy in which something is associated with something else because of mere proximity of time.
Example: She got sick after she visited Beijing, so something in Beijing caused her sickness.

8) Black or White fallacy: Either you believe what I'm saying or you must believe exactly the opposite.
We'll have to cut education funding this year because either we cut the social programs or we live with a huge deficit, and we can't live with the deficit.

9) Compositon: What is true of the parts or individual members of a group must be true of the whole group.
Example: A pig eats more food than a human being. Therefore, pigs, as a group, eat more food than do all the humans on the earth.

10) Equivocation: when a word or phrase that has more than one meaning is employed in different meanings throughout the argument.
Example: Giving money to a beggar is the right thing to do for a rich man. So beggars have a right to a rich man's money.

11) Non Sequitur or "does not follow": The conclusion has no intrinsic connection from the premise.
Example: There occured an increase of births during the full moon.Therefore, full moons cause birth rates to rise.

12/ Argument ad populum : This fallacy is committed when a claim is accepted as being true simply because most people are favorably inclined towards the claim.
Example: President Obama must be wrong because the poll says over 70% of Americans disapprove his policies.

13) Irrational appeals: urge us to accept the ideas at face value or on some basis other than reasonableness. They could be false appeals to common sense, appeals to emotion, and appeals to authority.
Example: We should not listen to the advice given by Ming in CD.com. Many respected members, such as SDCAR2010, have publicly stated Ming is a fraud.

14) Confusing Cause and Effect: This fallacy is committed when a person assumes that one event must cause another just because these events occur together.
Example: People who are severely ill are very often depressed and angry. Thus, it follows that the severe illness actually is caused by the depression and anger. So, a good and cheerful attitude is key to staying healthy.

tinnashen

谢谢sdcar2010的热心答疑

tinnashen

我查了一下wikipedia， 逻辑错误的类型好多亚，请问sdcar2010列举的fallacies的来源是？是gmat 的logic reasoning 和AWA中常使用的fallacy吗？谢谢

sdcar2010

IMHO:

1) Correlation versus Causation

2) Percentage versus Number

3) Unrepresentive Samples