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jcz2008

Therefore in the 1950’s and 1960’s, the baby boom hit an antiquated
and inadequate school system. Consequently, the “ custodial rhetoric”
of the 1930’s and early 1940’s no longer made sense that is, keeping
youths aged sixteen and older out of the labor market by keeping them in
school could no longer be a high priority for an institution unable to
find space and staff to teach younger children aged five to sixteen.
With the baby boom, the focus of educators and of laymen interested in
education inevitably turned toward the lower grades and back to basic
academic skills and discipline. The system no longer had much interest
in offering nontraditional, new, and extra services to older youths.

jcz2008

29 Telecommuting
Telecommuting-- substituting the computer for the trip to the job ----
has been hailed as a solution to all kinds of problems related to office
work.
For workers it promises freedom from the office, less time wasted in
traffic, and help with child-care conflicts. For management,
telecommuting helps keep high performers on board, minimizes tardiness
and absenteeism by eliminating commutes, allows periods of solitude for
high-concentration tasks, and provides scheduling flexibility. In some
areas, such as Southern California and Seattle, Washington, local
governments are encouraging companies to start telecommuting programs in
order to reduce rush-hour congestion and improve air quality.
But these benefits do not come easily. Making a telecommuting program
work requires careful planning and an understanding of the differences
between telecommuting realities and popular images.

jcz2008

Many workers are seduced by rosy illusions of life as a telecommuter. A
computer programmer from New York City moves to the tranquil Adirondack
Mountains and stays in contact with her office via computer. A manager
comes in to his office three days a week and works at home the other
two. An accountant stays home to care for her sick child; she hooks up
her telephone modern connections and does office work between calls to
the doctor.
These are powerful images, but they are a limited reflection of reality.
Telecommuting workers soon learn that it is almost impossible to
concentrate on work and care for a young child at the same time. Before
a certain age, young children cannot recognize, much less respect, the
necessary boundaries between work and family. Additional child support
is necessary if the parent is to get any work done.
Management too must separate the myth from the reality. Although the
media has paid a great deal of attention to telecommuting in most cases
it is the employee’s situation, not the availability of technology that
precipitates a telecommuting arrangement.
That is partly why, despite the widespread press coverage, the number of
companies with work-at-home programs or policy guidelines remains small.

jcz2008

30 The origin of Refrigerators
By the mid-nineteenth century, the term “icebox” had entered the
American language, but ice was still only beginning to affect the diet
of ordinary citizens in the United States. The ice trade grew with the
growth of cities. Ice was used in hotels, taverns, and hospitals, and by
some forward-looking city dealers in fresh meat, fresh fish, and butter.
After the Civil War( 1861-1865),as ice was used to refrigerate freight
cars, it also came into household use. Even before 1880,half of the ice
sold in New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, and one-third of that
sold in Boston and Chicago, went to families for their own use. This had
become possible because a new household convenience, the icebox, a
precursor of the modern refrigerator, had been invented.
Making an efficient icebox was not as easy as we might now suppose. In
the early nineteenth century, the knowledge of the physics of heat,
which was essential to a science of refrigeration, was rudimentary. The
commonsense notion that the best icebox was one that prevented the ice
from melting was of course mistaken, for it was the melting of the ice
that performed the cooling. Nevertheless, early efforts to economize ice
included wrapping up the ice in blankets, which kept the ice from doing
its job. Not until near the end of the nineteenth century did inventors
achieve the delicate balance of insulation and circulation needed for an
efficient icebox.
But as early as 1803, and ingenious Maryland farmer, Thomas Moore, had
been on the right track. He owned a farm about twenty miles outside the
city of Washington, for which the village of Georgetown was the market
center. When he used an icebox of his own design to transport his butter
to market, he found that customers would pass up the rapidly melting
stuff in the tubs of his competitors to pay a premium price for his
butter, still fresh and hard in neat, one-pound bricks. One advantage of
his icebox, Moore explained, was that farmers would no longer have to
travel to market at night in order to keep their produce cool.

jcz2008

更新完毕！！！

lighting2003

终于完了啊，我都替你着急。上次作文才4分，加油中

enjoylife517

真厉害，再次表示支持感谢！

jcz2008

以下是引用lighting2003在2004-6-17 12:34:00的发言：

终于完了啊，我都替你着急。上次作文才4分，加油中

呵呵，还没有完啊！！只是每次保证更新10篇，否则太多了，怕大家接受不了啊！！ 加油啊！！祝大家好运！！

jcz2008

以下是引用enjoylife517在2004-6-18 2:51:00的发言：
真厉害，再次表示支持感谢！

谢谢enjoylife517 的支持！！呵呵，祝大家好运！！！

jcz2008

31 British Columbia
British Columbia is the third largest Canadian provinces, both in area
and population. It is nearly 1.5 times as large as Texas, and extends
800 miles(1,280km) north from the United States border. It includes
Canada’s entire west coast and the islands just off the coast.
Most of British Columbia is mountainous, with long rugged ranges running
north and south. Even the coastal islands are the remains of a mountain
range that existed thousands of years ago. During the last Ice Age, this
range was scoured by glaciers until most of it was beneath the sea. Its
peaks now show as islands scattered along the coast.
The southwestern coastal region has a humid mild marine climate. Sea
winds that blow inland from the west are warmed by a current of warm
water that flows through the Pacific Ocean. As a result, winter
temperatures average above freezing and summers are mild. These warm
western winds also carry moisture from the ocean.
Inland from the coast, the winds from the Pacific meet the mountain
barriers of the coastal ranges and the Rocky Mountains. As they rise to
cross the mountains, the winds are cooled, and their moisture begins to
fall as rain. On some of the western slopes almost 200 inches (500cm) of
rain fall each year.
More than half of British Columbia is heavily forested. On mountain
slopes that receive plentiful rainfall, huge Douglas firs rise in
towering columns. These forest giants often grow to be as much as 300
feet(90m) tall, with diameters up to 10 feet(3m). More lumber is
produced from these trees than from any other kind of tree in North
America. Hemlock, red cedar, and balsam fir are among the other trees
found in British Columbia.