问两道填空题

miguel29

1, Established companies concetrate on defending what they already have.Consequently,m they tend not to be innovative themselves and tend to underestimate the effects of the innovations of others. The clearest example of theis defensive strategy is the fact that___________
答案是：a once-successful manufacturer of slide rules reacted to the introduction of electronic calculators by trying to make better slide rules.

2，At a recent conference on enviormental threats to the North Sea, most participating countries favored uniform controls on the qualtiy of effluents, whether or not specific enviromental damage could be attributed to a particular source of effluent. What must, of course, be shown, in order to aviod excessively restrictive controls, is that_____

答案是：any substance to be made subject to controls can actually cause enviromental damage.

都不太理解，答案怎么选出来的，谁能告诉我一点做这种填空题的方法，或者思路吗，或者给我点有关这方面的连接，我看了高威老师的PPT ，对于填空题的讲解很少啊。。。谢谢啦

jake1

第一题是填例子。原题抽象一个事实，要求填一个符合抽象的实际例子。答案和抽象的叙述很贴切啊，一个公司应对革新（electronic calculators ）的办法并不是对自己革新，而是继续 defending what they already have，即make better slide rules。

第二题我觉得没什么技巧，就是理解意思就行了。要避免出现过度的限制令，需要做的就是被限制的东西会实际造成环境破坏。