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哈哈,谢谢大家捧场 ; 觉得在转牛角尖,有点象歪门邪道，别把大家带坏了，明天不能再这么看逻辑了！
根据这道牛人的例题及解释又做了个图表，供大家参考：
句子作用题的例子
证据表明：1喝可乐的人中心肌衰退的比例超过常人。这说明：2可乐导致心肌功能衰退。所以，3可乐不好。但就算证据正确，由于4喝可乐的人往往在喝之前已经是心力衰竭者，所以5不能说明可乐导致心功能衰退。并且6可乐中含有大量微量元素，所以7喝可乐好。8请喝可乐吧！
说明：
1、是支持中间结论2(mid conclusion)的evidence；2、是mid conclusion，支持conclusion1；3、是conclusion1；4，6也是evidence，它们反对2和3，其实是反对1->2->3的论证(argument, argument=evidence+conclusion)；（4是通过指出A->B本身的错误(类似于flaw)对1->2进行削弱，而6是通过C->B对2->3进行削弱的）；5，6均支持7的成立；7、是conclusion2；8、和本文的逻辑推导无关，称作suggestion，其位置一般在文章的最后。
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句子作用题实例:
(问法：…… plays which one of the following roles）此类题最难，句子最长，
（ff135）8. The stable functioning of a society depends upon the relatively long-term stability of the goals of its citizens. This is clear from the fact that unless the majority of individuals have a predictable and enduring set of aspirations, it will be impossible for a legislature to craft laws that will augment the satisfaction of the citizenry, and it should be obvious that a society is stable only if its laws tend to increase the happiness of its citizens.
The claim that a society is stable only if its laws tend to increase the happiness of its citizens plays which one of the following roles in the argument?
(A) It is the conclusion of the argument.
(B) It helps to support the conclusion of the argument.
(C) It is a claim that must be refuted if the conclusion is to be established.
(D) It is a consequence of the argument.
(E) It is used to illustrate the general principle that the argument presupposes.
（ff135）44. Legal theorist: It is unreasonable to incarcerate anyone for any other reason than that he or she is a serious threat to the property or lives of other people. The breaking of a law does not justify incarceration, for lawbreaking proceeds either from ignorance of the law or of the effects of one’s actions, or from the free choice of the lawbreaker. Obviously mere ignorance cannot justify incarcerating a lawbreaker, and even free choice on the part of the lawbreaker fails to justify incarceration, for free choice proceeds from the desires of an agent, and the desires of an agent are products of genetics and environmental conditioning, neither of which is controlled by the agent
The claim in the first sentence of the passage plays which one of the following roles in the argument
(A) It is offered as a premise that helps to show that no actions are under the control of the agent
(B) It is offered as background information necessary to understand the argument
(C) It is offered as the main conclusion that the argument is designed to establish
(D) It is offered as evidence for the stated claim that protection of life and property is more important than retribution for past illegal acts
(E) It is offered as evidence for the stated claim that lawbreaking proceeds from either ignorance of the law, or ignorance of the effects of one’s actions, or free choice
XDF4-1.The use of nets at beach resorts to protect swimming areas from sharks has been criticized by environmentalists because the nets needlessly kill thousands of marine animals annually. However, environmentalists have recently discovered that an electrified cable buried beneath the periphery of swimming areas causes sharks to swim away while harming neither humans nor marine life. Hence, by installing such cables, resort communities will be able to maintain tourism while satisfying environmentalists' concerns.
The statement concerning what the environmentalists recently discovered plays which of the following roles in the argument?
(A)A premise of the argument (argument=premise+conclusion)
(B)The conclusion of the argument
(C)A clarification of a key term in the argument
(D)A reiteration of the conclusion for the sake of emphasis
(E)A statement of the position that is being argument against
word版看得清楚些！ 答案:BCA
[此贴子已经被作者于2004-5-18 17:09:26编辑过] | 
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发表于 2004-5-17 20:06:00
楼主
，MM看完笑一笑，目的就达到了！
