[版本一]80 行的长篇。主题是美国的mental health professionals 对minority （墨西哥人） deliver services 的时候不太起作用，原因在于他们缺乏意识和训练。共四段。第一段主题，指出问题，并举一些例子将他们缺乏意识的一些表现，（提到一个词组，有问题问 mental health professional with such behavior is similar to a visit to a foreign country on what? choices; I chose interpret inhabitants' behavior not from their perspectives）第二段，以前对少数民族研究的一些局限，认为以前的研究数量少，而且局限于现在的墨西哥移民。但是现在的和以前的是不一样的 (有题）。第三段，第四段记不清了，但结尾回应主题，认为应该给mental health professionals more training on those cultural issues
[版本二]美国health service 对墨西哥移民不了解的那篇文章（1）主旨：选b 描述了美国health service中存在的一个问题（2）细节题: 问美国这些研究的专家对墨西哥移民的错误assumption是啥：最后一段第一句话，改动一下就可以了，好像是说他们认为墨西哥人都是highly ethnic （3）细节题：也是最后一段的内容：问专家研究的局限：他们只考察了当代墨西哥移民的life style，但是忽视了previous generation of immigrators.
Many managers are influenced by dangerous myths about pay that lead to counterproductive decisions about Line how their companies compensate (5) employees. One such myth is that labor rates, the rate per hour paid to workers, are identical with labor costs, the money spent on labor in relation to the productivity of the labor force. (10) This myth leads to the assumption that a company can simply lower its labor costs by cutting wages. But labor costs and labor rates are not in fact the same: one company could pay (15) its workers considerably more than another and yet have lower labor costs if that company’s productivity were higher due to the talent of its workforce, the efficiency of its work (20) processes, or other factors. The confusion of costs with rates per- sists partly because labor rates are a convenient target for managers who want to make an impact on their com- (25) pany’s budgets. Because labor rates are highly visible, managers can easily compare their company’s rates with those of competitors. Furthermore, labor rates often appear to be a (30) company’s most malleable financial variable: cutting wages appears an easier way to control costs than such options as reconfiguring work pro- cesses or altering product design. (35) The myth that labor rates and labor costs are equivalent is supported by business journalists, who frequently confound the two. For example, prom- inent business journals often remark on (40) the “high” cost of German labor, citing as evidence the average amount paid to German workers. The myth is also perpetuated by the compensation- consulting industry, which has its own (45) incentives to keep such myths alive. First, although some of these con- sulting firms have recently broadened their practices beyond the area of compensation, their mainstay con- (50) tinues to be advising companies on changing their compensation prac- tices. Suggesting that a company’s performance can be improved in some other way than by altering its (55) pay system may be empirically cor- rect but contrary to the consultants’ interests. Furthermore, changes to the compensation system may appear to be simpler to implement (60) than changes to other aspects of an organization, so managers are more likely to find such advice from con- sultants palatable. Finally, to the extant that changes in compensation (65) create new problems, the consultants will continue to have work solving the problems that result from their advice. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q22: The author of the passage suggests which of the following about the advice that the consulting firms discussed in the passage customarily give to companies attempting to control costs?
A. It often fails to bring about the intended changes in companies’ compensation systems. B. It has highly influenced views that predominate in prominent business journals. C. It tends to result in decreased labor rates but increased labor costs. D. It leads to changes in companies’ compensation practices that are less visible than changes to work processes would be. E. It might be different if the consulting firms were less narrowly specialized.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q23: The author of the passage mentions business journals (line 39) primarily in order to
A. demonstrate how a particular kind of evidence can be used to support two different conclusions B. cast doubt on a particular view about the average amount paid to German workers C. suggest that business journalists may have a vested interest in perpetuating a particular view D. identify one source of support for a view common among business managers E. indicate a way in which a particular myth could be dispelled
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q24: It can be inferred from the passage that the author would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements about compensation?
A. A company’s labor costs are not affected by the efficiency of its work processes. B. High labor rates are not necessarily inconsistent with the goals of companies that want to reduce costs C. It is more difficult for managers to compare their companies’ labor rates with those of competitors than to compare labor costs. D. A company whose labor rates are high is unlikely to have lower labor costs than other companies. E. Managers often use information about competitors’ labor costs to calculate those companies’ labor rates.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q25: According to the passage, which of the following is true about changes to a company’s compensation system?
A. They are often implemented in conjunction with a company’s efforts to reconfigure its work processes. B. They have been advocated by prominent business journals as the most direct way for a company to bring about changes in its labor costs. C. They are more likely to result in an increase in labor costs than they are to bring about competitive advantages for the company. D. They sometimes result in significant cost savings but are likely to create labor-relations problems for the company. E. They may seem to managers to be relatively easy to implement compared with other kinds of changes managers might consider.
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发表于 2010-7-15 08:52:00
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