XDF蓝书几道题目遇到障碍求助~！

polkme

1.Teresa: Manned spaceflight does not have a future, since it cannot compete economically with other means of accomplishing the objectives of spaceflight.
Edward: No mode of human transportation has a better record of reliability: two accidents in twenty-five years. Thus manned spaceflight definitely has a positive future.
Which of the following is the best logical evaluation of Edward’s argument as a response to Teresa’s argument?
(A) It cites evidence that, if true, tends to disprove the evidence cited by Teresa in drawing her conclusion.
(B) It indicates a logical gap in the support that Teresa offers for her conclusion.
(C) It raises a consideration that outweighs the argument Teresa makes.
(D) It does not meet Teresa’s point because it assumes that there is no serious impediment to transporting people into space, but this was the issue raised by Teresa.
(E) It fails to respond to Teresa’s argument because it does not address the fundamental issue of whether space activities should have priority over other claims on the national budget.
答案是D。为什么是D呢？
2.Black Americans are, on the whole, about twice as likely as White Americans to develop high blood pressure. This likelihood also holds for westernized Black Africans when compared to White Africans.
Researchers have hypothesized that this predisposition in westernized Blacks may reflect an interaction between western high-salt diets and genes that adapted to an environmental scarcity of salt.
Which of the following statements about present-day, westernized Black Africans, if true, would most tend to confirm the researchers’ hypothesis?
(A) The blood pressures of those descended from peoples situated throughout their history in Senegal and Gambia, where salt was always available, are low.
(B) The unusually high salt consumption in certain areas of Africa represents a serious health problem.
(C) Because of their blood pressure levels, most White Africans have markedly decreased their salt consumption.
(D) Blood pressures are low among the Yoruba, who, throughout their history, have been situated far inland from sources of sea salt and far south of Saharan salt mines.
(E) No significant differences in salt metabolism have been found between those people who have had salt available throughout their history and those who have not.
答案是A，我选了D。题干我能看懂，意思就是黑人基因是适应少盐的环境的，但是到了西方接触了多盐的食物就得了高血压。A说那些来自多盐地方的人的后代血压低。这个为什么能加强结论？
3.The value of a product is determined by the ratio of its quality to its price. The higher the value of a product, the better will be its competitive position. Therefore, either increasing the quality or lowering the price of a given product will increase the likelihood that consumer will select that product rather than a competing one.
Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the conclusion drawn above?
(A) It is possible to increase both the quality and the price of a product without changing its competitive position.
(B) For certain segments of the population of consumers, higher-priced brands of some product lines are preferred to the lower-priced brands.
(C) Competing products often try to appeal to different segments of the population of consumers.
(D) The competitive position of a product can be affected by such factors as advertising and brand loyalty.
(E) Consumers’ perceptions of the quality of a product are based on the actual quality of the product.
答案是E，没想通为什么E对。
4.In January there was a large drop in the number of new houses sold, because interest rates for mortgages were falling and many consumers were waiting to see how low the rates would go. This large sales drop was accompanied by a sharp rise in the average price of new houses sold.
Which of the following, if true, best explains the sharp rise in the average price of new houses?
(A) Sales of higher-priced houses were unaffected by the sales drop because their purchasers have fewer constraints limiting the total amount they pay.
(B) Labor agreements of builders with construction unions are not due to expire until the next January.
(C) The prices of new houses have been rising slowly over the past three years because there is an increasing shortage of housing.
(D) There was a greater amount of moderate-priced housing available for resale by owners during January than in the preceding three months.
(E) Interest rates for home mortgages are expected to rise sharply later in the year if predictions of increased business activity in general prove to be accurate
答案是Q，我选了C。当初选的时候在A和C二者之间徘徊，能不能指出C错在哪里？
5.Seven countries signed a treaty binding each of them to perform specified actions on a certain fixed date, with the actions of each conditional on simultaneous action taken by the other countries. Each country was also to notify the six other countries when it had completed its action.
The simultaneous-action provision of the treaty leaves open the possibility that
(A) the compliance date was subject to postponement, according to the terms of the treaty
(B) one of the countries might not be required to make any changes or take any steps in order to comply with the treaty, whereas all the other countries are so required
(C) each country might have a well-founded excuse, based on the provision, for its own lack of compliance
(D) the treaty specified that the signal for one of the countries to initiate action was notification by the other countries that they had completed action
(E) there was ambiguity with respect to the date after which all actions contemplated in the treaty are to be complete
答案是C。这道题目纯粹逻辑，挺复杂的，能不能解释下选C的理由？

polkme

自己顶，找NN求助~！

hughlv

1.Teresa: Manned spaceflight does not have a future, since it cannot compete economically with other means of accomplishing the objectives of spaceflight.
Edward: No mode of human transportation has a better record of reliability: two accidents in twenty-five years. Thus manned spaceflight definitely has a positive future.
Which of the following is the best logical evaluation of Edward’s argument as a response to Teresa’s argument?
(A) It cites evidence that, if true, tends to disprove the evidence cited by Teresa in drawing her conclusion.
T没有引用任何evidence。
(B) It indicates a logical gap in the support that Teresa offers for her conclusion.
E没有就T从成本推导出论点的过程进行分析。
(C) It raises a consideration that outweighs the argument Teresa makes.
从对话中可以看出E的语气是比较弱的。如果把这两句话换换，T倒是很能outweigh E的观点。
(D) It does not meet Teresa’s point because it assumes that there is no serious impediment to transporting people into space, but this was the issue raised by Teresa.
正确。E直接跳过了T认为比较严重的问题开始憧憬美好的未来。
(E) It fails to respond to Teresa’s argument because it does not address the fundamental issue of whether space activities should have priority over other claims on the national budget.
fundamental issue不是航天事业拿不到钱，而是太花钱。

答案是D。为什么是D呢？

T：载人航天的成本过高，因此没有未来。
E：其实载人航天是迄今最安全的交通方式，因此它还是有价值的。

这个有点鸡对鸭讲的感觉。T又没说载人航天没有价值，只是成本太高而已。

hughlv

2.Black Americans are, on the whole, about twice as likely as White Americans to develop high blood pressure. This likelihood also holds for westernized Black Africans when compared to White Africans. Researchers have hypothesized that this predisposition in westernized Blacks may reflect an interaction between western high-salt diets and genes that adapted to an environmental scarcity of salt. Which of the following statements about present-day, westernized Black Africans, if true, would most tend to confirm the researchers’ hypothesis? (A) The blood pressures of those descended from peoples situated throughout their history in Senegal and Gambia, where salt was always available, are low. (B) The unusually high salt consumption in certain areas of Africa represents a serious health problem. (C) Because of their blood pressure levels, most White Africans have markedly decreased their salt consumption. (D) Blood pressures are low among the Yoruba, who, throughout their history, have been situated far inland from sources of sea salt and far south of Saharan salt mines. (E) No significant differences in salt metabolism have been found between those people who have had salt available throughout their history and those who have not. 答案是A，我选了D。题干我能看懂，意思就是黑人基因是适应少盐的环境的，但是到了西方接触了多盐的食物就得了高血压。A说那些来自多盐地方的人的后代血压低。这个为什么能加强结论？ 该选项说明了基因确实在调整人对环境的适应性。因为Senegal和Gambia都是非洲国家，他们的初始基因和Black American一样，证明了Black American的基因不是一开始就没法适应多盐的食物。

hughlv

3.The value of a product is determined by the ratio of its quality to its price. The higher the value of a product, the better will be its competitive position. Therefore, either increasing the quality or lowering the price of a given product will increase the likelihood that consumer will select that product rather than a competing one.
Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the conclusion drawn above?
(A) It is possible to increase both the quality and the price of a product without changing its competitive position.
(B) For certain segments of the population of consumers, higher-priced brands of some product lines are preferred to the lower-priced brands.
(C) Competing products often try to appeal to different segments of the population of consumers.
(D) The competitive position of a product can be affected by such factors as advertising and brand loyalty.
(E) Consumers’ perceptions of the quality of a product are based on the actual quality of the product.
答案是E，没想通为什么E对。

这题没怎么看明白，感觉表达的是质量就是硬道理的意思，而不是由广告等来决定。

hughlv

4.In January there was a large drop in the number of new houses sold, because interest rates for mortgages were falling and many consumers were waiting to see how low the rates would go. This large sales drop was accompanied by a sharp rise in the average price of new houses sold.
Which of the following, if true, best explains the sharp rise in the average price of new houses?
(A) Sales of higher-priced houses were unaffected by the sales drop because their purchasers have fewer constraints limiting the total amount they pay.
(B) Labor agreements of builders with construction unions are not due to expire until the next January.
(C) The prices of new houses have been rising slowly over the past three years because there is an increasing shortage of housing.
(D) There was a greater amount of moderate-priced housing available for resale by owners during January than in the preceding three months.
(E) Interest rates for home mortgages are expected to rise sharply later in the year if predictions of increased business activity in general prove to be accurate
答案是Q，我选了C。当初选的时候在A和C二者之间徘徊，能不能指出C错在哪里？

lz说的答案是A吧。平价房销量下降而高价房销量稳定，导致了平均成交价的提升。合理的解释了题目中的gap。

C是个无关选项。题目中的问题是为什么销量降低会导致均价提升，对于房子的供需关系并没有联系。

polkme

我在别处搜了一下发现有对这道题更直接了当的解释：
“前提：非裔美国人患高血压的比例高，就算西化了也还是高
结论：专家推测这个结果是由于非裔曾经生活在缺盐的地方以至于他们身上有所谓的“高盐基因”
逻辑串：生活缺盐→高盐基因→高血压比例高
选项A：高血压比例低→生活不缺盐
它和结论是一个逆否命题的关系，所以是正确的”
我按照这个说法发现D选项的逻辑串是这样的：高血压比例低——生活缺盐，这个逻辑就不符合原命题了。
NN你看这个解释是不是更好一点呢。
另外那个最后一道题目你有思路吗？

polkme

最后一道题我找到一个解释：
七个国家签定了一项条约，该条约约定每个国家在某个确定的日子进行一项特殊的行动。每个国家的行动都以其他国家的同时行动为条件。每个国家，当自已的行动结束时，都应通知其他国家。 我的理解：这个条约中隐含一个矛盾：因为每个国家的所有的行动都以别国的同步行动为前提，我动你动，我结束我结束；你不动，我也不能动，你不结束，我也不能结束。这样任何一个国家都可以以别人还没有行动而拒绝行动。 所以选C。
我当初选的是D。现在仔细想想D选项说的是每个国家行动的前提是受到信号，这个信号代表其他国家完成了行动。对比题干我发现原文只要求每个国家开始行动是以其他国家同时开始行动为条件，而不是其他国家完成行动。
另外A,B,E我都觉得可以明显排除。
NN你看我说的对不？

hughlv

最后一道题我找到一个解释：
七个国家签定了一项条约，该条约约定每个国家在某个确定的日子进行一项特殊的行动。每个国家的行动都以其他国家的同时行动为条件。每个国家，当自已的行动结束时，都应通知其他国家。 我的理解：这个条约中隐含一个矛盾：因为每个国家的所有的行动都以别国的同步行动为前提，我动你动，我结束我结束；你不动，我也不能动，你不结束，我也不能结束。这样任何一个国家都可以以别人还没有行动而拒绝行动。 所以选C。
我当初选的是D。现在仔细想想D选项说的是每个国家行动的前提是受到信号，这个信号代表其他国家完成了行动。对比题干我发现原文只要求每个国家开始行动是以其他国家同时开始行动为条件，而不是其他国家完成行动。
另外A,B,E我都觉得可以明显排除。
NN你看我说的对不？

-- by 会员 polkme (2010/3/24 21:56:33)

同意你的分析。可以认为D这个possibility是不存在的。所以排除。

加菲猫猫

3.The value of a product is determined by the ratio of its quality to its price. The higher the value of a product, the better will be its competitive position. Therefore, either increasing the quality or lowering the price of a given product will increase the likelihood that consumer will select that product rather than a competing one.
Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the conclusion drawn above?
(A) It is possible to increase both the quality and the price of a product without changing its competitive position.
(B) For certain segments of the population of consumers, higher-priced brands of some product lines are preferred to the lower-priced brands.
(C) Competing products often try to appeal to different segments of the population of consumers.
(D) The competitive position of a product can be affected by such factors as advertising and brand loyalty.
(E) Consumers’ perceptions of the quality of a product are based on the actual quality of the product.
答案是E，没想通为什么E对。

这题没怎么看明白，感觉表达的是质量就是硬道理的意思，而不是由广告等来决定。

-- by 会员 hughlv (2010/3/24 14:03:11)

同问这道题，what's wrong with A?