超级求助OG12第19篇文章，错好多啊！！

mizijun

最后一题我还是有点疑问，A答案是可以在原文中定位出来，但是B为什么错呢？
B)  They sometimes compromise the accuracy of
   their findings by collecting and analyzing more
   information than is strictly required for their
   trials.

原文中提到了 "Although limiting information collection could increase the risk that researchers will overlook facts relevant to a study,...  " 如果反过来想 就是说用traditional way，也就是不限制information collection 就会降低研究者忽视某些因素的几率。 在这里“the risk that researchers will overlook facts relevant to a study”可以等同于B选项中的“ the accuracy of  their findings”么？
求高人解答 谢谢

Suri在奋斗

关于105题我还是不明白一点
104还在说可以从line21-23推出A选项 its findings might have limited applicability是说ofen researchers restrict study participation to patients who have no ailments besides those being studied这种被经常使用的方法的缺点
到了105题又问105. It can be inferred from the passage that a study
limited to patients like those mentioned in lines 21–23
would have which of the following advantages over the
kind of study proposed by Frazier and Mosteller?
(A) It would yield more data and its fi ndings would
be more accurate.
(B) It would cost less in the long term, though it
would be more expensive in its initial stages.
(C) It would limit the number of variables
researchers would need to consider when
evaluating the treatment under study
(D) It would help researchers to identify subgroups
of patients with secondary conditions that might
also be treatable.
(E) It would enable researchers to assess the value
of an experimental treatment for the average
patient.
居然又是在说这种发放的优点，真心看不出哪儿有优点
而且og的解释我也看得晕头转向的，求大牛解释！！！


Inference
Th is question requires understanding what the
information in the passage implies. Th e passage
explains that Frazier and Mosteller’s proposal
involves enrolling more patients in clinical trials
(lines 18–19) than is the case with the category of
patients referred to. Th e passage then explains
that broadening the range of trial participants
would allow an evaluation of particular
treatments under various conditions and for diff erent
patient subgroups (lines 29–30). Th is strongly
suggests that limiting the patients used to those
described in the referred text would limit the
number of variables researchers would need to
consider.

Suri在奋斗

再顶下！

Suri在奋斗

再顶····

huisy0330

第104还是没看懂大牛说的是啥意思。。求解。。。
顶！

只好成仁

104.Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about a study of the category of patients referred to in lines 21-23
(A)Its finding might have limited applicability
(B) It would be prohibitively expensive in its attempt to create ideal conditions.
(C) It would be the best way to sample the total population of potential patients.
(D) It would allow researchers to limit information collection without increasing the risk that important variables could be overlooked.
(E) Its findings would be more accurate if it concerned treatments for a progressive disease than if it concerned treatments for a nonprogressive disease.

答案：A
定位回这句话：
21-23 Often researchers restrict study participation to patients who have no ailments besides those being studied.
其实答案要往下再看一句A treatment judged successful under these ideal conditions can then be evaluated under normal conditions.
这句话是说“在这个理想情况下被判为成功的治疗可以在普通情况下检验一下”——也就是说“restrict study participation to participation”的缺点就是只能在理想情况下判断=A：适应性有限（限制就是：idea condition）


这题的难点是“正话反说”——也就是需要从原文内容的反面推出答案。
不过infer题的特点，我个人认为是“紧紧”依托原味内容来做延伸，既然给出定位21-23，答案肯定不离左右。
而且答案应该集中在原文思路，反过来说就是——涉及原文没有提及的内容的选项要小心。具体到本题就是，问题关于“第二个建议”，那么选项也应该紧紧围绕第二个建议——限制条件和病人类型
下面仔细看看这几个选项：


(A)Its finding might have limited applicability
内容含糊，无法马上判断，可以先看后面选项。


(B) It would be prohibitively expensive in its attempt to create ideal conditions.
跟expensive挂钩，是第一个建议的好处，内容无关特征，排除


(C) It would be the best way to sample the total population of potential patients.
best way-极端词，小心。total population-原文没有提及，排除


(D) It would allow researchers to limit information collection without increasing the risk that important variables could be overlooked.
围绕第一个建议，排除


(E) Its findings would be more accurate if it concerned treatments for a progressive disease than if it concerned treatments for a nonprogressive disease.
accurate似乎在意思上有关，但是后面 progressive disease 是最后一段才出现的名词，排除


回选项A，再次确认，正确答案。

只好成仁

105. It can be inferred from the passage that a study limited to patients like those mentioned in lines 21–23 would have which of the following advantages over the kind of study proposed by Frazier and Mosteller?
(A) It would yield more data and its fi ndings would be more accurate.
(B) It would cost less in the long term, though it would be more expensive in its initial stages.
(C) It would limit the number of variables researchers would need to consider when evaluating the treatment under study
(D) It would help researchers to identify subgroups of patients with secondary conditions that might also be treatable.
(E) It would enable researchers to assess the value of an experimental treatment for the average patient.


答案：C


实话说，105题的难度比104上了一个档次，主要是有个tricky在这里，题目定位是21-23，实际答案定位是第一段最后一部分： Although limiting information collection could increase the risk that researchers will overlook facts relevant to a study, Frazier and Mosteller contend that such risk, never entirely eliminable from research, would still be small in most studies. Only in research on entirely new treatments are new and unexpected variables likely to arise.


为什么定位回这里呢？我们重新看看题目，问的是“  a study limited to patients like those mentioned in lines 21–23 would have which of the following advantages over the kind of study proposed by Frazier and Mosteller?”——也就是“过去做法”比“F&M建议”好的地方。
回顾全文，只有第一段最后一部分F&M勉勉强强承认了“好处”——当然，还是以“正话反说”的形式。也就是上方红字部分。 limiting information collection只在“ on entirely new treatments are new and unexpected variables ”起作用。对比选项C红色部分——神似


那么如果各位同学现场没法做到脑子抽筋转八道弯记起第一段内容，并且反着理解的话，有没有可能作对这道题呢？让我们再看看选项，在不回去定位，只掌握文章主体观点的情况下，试试排除法：


(A) It would yield more data and its fi ndings would be more accurate.
刚看完题目的同学可能还晕着，感觉这个看着貌似有点靠谱，不能确定，那么继续看选项。


(B) It would cost less in the long term, though it would be more expensive in its initial stages.
cost——根据104题infer类型说过的“紧紧”原则，看到再一次出现的“第一建议”内容，果断排除


(C) It would limit the number of variables researchers would need to consider when evaluating the treatment under study
含糊，但没有明显“无关”特征，留下。


(D) It would help researchers to identify subgroups of patients with secondary conditions that might also be treatable.
虽然和“第二项建议”有关，但明显是“反项", 也就是原来做法的缺点，F&M建议的优点，果断排除。（如果同学们连这个都看不出来，那这题确实没法做了）


(E) It would enable researchers to assess the value of an experimental treatment for the average patient.
干扰选项，但是稍微仔细读，也可以发现"average patient"这个新概念，显然不如A和C有希望，排除。


此处提醒大家注意一个GMAT阅读特点：GMAT阅读虽然喜欢在观点对比或者理论解释题材的文章中用概念兑换提高难度——参考OG12-23（各种荷尔蒙神马的满天飞）。但是，GMAT在选项中只会用“改写”而不会用引入“新概念”。请结合本题体会~


现在，回到A和C比较：感觉灰常像分析语法题~
首先没让我们明确“It”指代的是谁？认真看题——显然，It是“过去做法”
(A) It would yield more data and its findings would be more accurate.
翻译：It 可以导出更多data，It的findings更准确（看到这里，我相信大家100%都能选出C做答案了！！！）
而且应该痛骂自己为啥么没有第一次就果断排除A选项！！！

(C) It would limit the number of variables researchers would need to consider when evaluating the treatment under study

miffyhui

错三道的伤不起，up

lunvs

为了防止有人搜索到这个帖子重蹈覆辙。。楼上的楼上的说法有问题。答案不是出自第一段最后一句：Only in research on entirely new treatments are new and unexpected variables likely to arise.
先分析下文章结构：
1.F and M assert that...currently..although
2.F and M propose not only.. but also..often..F and M suggest ..
全文主要说明F和M提出要对clinical trials进行larger，simpler的改进。当前研究员对单体病人收集的背景信息太多而对整体更多类型的病人纳入临床实验做的很少。F和M提出两个建议：limit data collection on individual patient and enroll more patients in clinical trials（第二段首句）
然后看这题：
105. It can be inferred from the passage that a study limited to patients like those mentioned in lines 21–23 would have which of the following advantages over the kind of study proposed by Frazier and Mosteller?
(A) It would yield more data and its findings would be more accurate.
(B) It would cost less in the long term, though it would be more expensive in its initial stages.
(C) It would limit the number of variables researchers would need to consider when evaluating the treatment under study
(D) It would help researchers to identify subgroups of patients with secondary conditions that might also be treatable.
(E) It would enable researchers to assess the value of an experimental treatment for the average patient.
问的是老方法比新方法的优点，答案就在line21-23附近找，第二段都在说新方法会考虑到各种环境下的多种病人，当然需要考虑更多的变量，本来这段侧重说新方法考虑到的因素更多适应性更广，但是题目问到新方法缺点，也确实是处理的时候要考虑到更繁琐的因素。
至于第一段最后一句：Only in research on entirely new treatments are new and unexpected variables likely to arise.
是说F and M建议限制个人资料的收集，说这样的限制虽然增加了忽略某些因素的风险，但是这样的风险无法从实验中消除，也只有在全新的实验中会产生不可预测的变量。
（注：文章很蛋疼的就是limit同时用于background information和variables，且建议是个人资料的限制，总体收集样本的不限制：增加）

exoplanet

为了防止有人搜索到这个帖子重蹈覆辙。。楼上的楼上的说法有问题。答案不是出自第一段最后一句：Only in research on entirely new treatments are new and unexpected variables likely to arise.
先分析下文章结构：
1.F and M assert that...currently..although
2.F and M propose not only.. but also..often..F and M suggest ..
全文主要说明F和M提出要对clinical trials进行larger，simpler的改进。当前研究员对单体病人收集的背景信息太多而对整体更多类型的病人纳入临床实验做的很少。F和M提出两个建议：limit data collection on individual patient and enroll more patients in clinical trials（第二段首句）
然后看这题：
105. It can be inferred from the passage that a study limited to patients like those mentioned in lines 21–23 would have which of the following advantages over the kind of study proposed by Frazier and Mosteller?
(A) It would yield more data and its findings would be more accurate.
(B) It would cost less in the long term, though it would be more expensive in its initial stages.
(C) It would limit the number of variables researchers would need to consider when evaluating the treatment under study
(D) It would help researchers to identify subgroups of patients with secondary conditions that might also be treatable.
(E) It would enable researchers to assess the value of an experimental treatment for the average patient.
问的是老方法比新方法的优点，答案就在line21-23附近找，第二段都在说新方法会考虑到各种环境下的多种病人，当然需要考虑更多的变量，本来这段侧重说新方法考虑到的因素更多适应性更广，但是题目问到新方法缺点，也确实是处理的时候要考虑到更繁琐的因素。
至于第一段最后一句：Only in research on entirely new treatments are new and unexpected variables likely to arise.
是说F and M建议限制个人资料的收集，说这样的限制虽然增加了忽略某些因素的风险，但是这样的风险无法从实验中消除，也只有在全新的实验中会产生不可预测的变量。
（注：文章很蛋疼的就是limit同时用于background information和variables，且建议是个人资料的限制，总体收集样本的不限制：增加）

-- by 会员 lunvs (2012/11/5 20:26:29)

楼上的思路绝对是对的～不可能串段了定位～