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A recent report determined that although only 3 percent of drivers on Maryland highways equipped their vehicles with radar detectors, 33 percent of all vehicles ticketed for exceeding the speed limit were equipped with them. Clearly, drivers who equip their vehicles with radar detectors are more likely to exceed the speed limit regularly than are drivers who do not.

The conclusion drawn above depends on which of the following assumptions?

正确答案: B

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OG12-78

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楼主
发表于 2009-8-24 20:42:00 | 只看该作者

OG12-78

A recent report determined that although only 3 percent of drivers on Maryland highways equipped their vehicles

with radar detectors, 33 percent of all vehicles ticketed for exceeding the speed limit were equipped with them.

Clearly, drivers who equip their vehicles with radar detectors are more likely to exceed the speed limit regularly

than are drivers who do not.

The conclusion drawn above depends on which of the following assumptions?

(A) Drivers who equip their vehicles with radar detectors are less likely to be ticketed for exceeding the speed

limit than are drivers who do not.

(B) Drivers who are ticketed for exceeding the speed limit are more likely to exceed the speed limit regularly

than are drivers who are not ticketed.

(C) The number of vehicles that were ticketed for exceeding the speed limit was greater than the number of

vehicles that were equipped with radar detectors.

(D) Many of the vehicles that were ticketed for exceeding the speed limit were ticketed more than once in the

time period covered by the report.

(E) Drivers on Maryland highways exceeded the speed limit more often than did drivers on other state

highways not covered in the report.

答案为B

这道题目看了选项B之后还是不能把这个前提和结论联系起来。平时超速被ticketed的人更容易超速,这个前提和他的结论“装了雷达系统的人更容易超速‘有什么关系亚?谢谢指教了~

沙发
发表于 2009-8-25 17:14:00 | 只看该作者
给出的支持的例子是被抓住超速的人,而结论是“超速”本身。所以,有个隐含的假设:被抓住的超速的人更容易超速。如果没这个假设,有可能是被抓住超速的人就超速1次就被抓了,而没被抓的人可能超了100次都没被抓。这样结论就得不出来了。
板凳
 楼主| 发表于 2009-8-26 10:06:00 | 只看该作者
我比较迟钝,还是不懂啊~
地板
发表于 2009-8-31 18:54:00 | 只看该作者

结论和前提之间有一个GAP,就是前提中说的是把33%是ticketed for exceeding the speed limit .而结论直接说的是exceed the speed limit 。assumption 里面补掉gap,ticketed for exceed the speed limit 的人更容易exceed the speed limit .如果不填,前提中只说了那些被ticketd的人装有雷达,有可能是因为装有雷达让他们更容易被发现超速而ticketed,而其他没有装雷达的超速却只是因为没有被tickted,不是因为他们超速的可能性小

5#
发表于 2009-11-24 02:17:37 | 只看该作者
还是不懂,能不能再清楚一点。
6#
发表于 2009-11-25 14:21:18 | 只看该作者
我一开始看这题,也很纠结。后来多看了两遍OG的解释,就明白了。

其实是我们没有看懂题目的意思?

drivers who equip their vehicles with radar detectors are more likely to exceed the speed limit regularly
than are drivers who do not.  要注意regular.

题目的意思是-  最近某个高速公里33%被抓的人,都装了radar. 所以装rader的人平常就比较爱超速,和不装的人对比。

这里有个GAP,在这个高速被抓33%比较多,不表明 平时 这些人都爱超速呀。从特例到一般,除非特别的某个性质可以推导到一边化。在这题里,就是 被抓的人 本来就爱超速。 所以无论在 高速上,还是在其他情况下。
7#
发表于 2009-12-21 16:01:14 | 只看该作者
我一开始看这题,也很纠结。后来多看了两遍OG的解释,就明白了。

其实是我们没有看懂题目的意思?

drivers who equip their vehicles with radar detectors are more likely to exceed the speed limit regularly
than are drivers who do not.  要注意regular.

题目的意思是-  最近某个高速公里33%被抓的人,都装了radar. 所以装rader的人平常就比较爱超速,和不装的人对比。

这里有个GAP,在这个高速被抓33%比较多,不表明 平时 这些人都爱超速呀。从特例到一般,除非特别的某个性质可以推导到一边化。在这题里,就是 被抓的人 本来就爱超速。 所以无论在 高速上,还是在其他情况下。
-- by 会员 daliliu (2009/11/25 14:21:18)



我同意daliliu 的意见,抓住"regularly"是对的,regularly 意为通常,经常之意。

题目的意思是:装雷达的司机人数占总司机人数的3%,而最近某个高速公路33%被罚的人,都装了radar. 所以装radar的人和没有装Radar的人对比(than are drivers who do not ),通常比较爱超速。

先让我们看看,哪些地方能推翻此结论:

1.样本的因素,即样本是否能反映整体的情况,具体来说,是否在很多其他高速路或公路上都有类似情况发生,非孤例。2.个体的因素,被罚的人仅仅只是这一次的行为或是多次的行为。

以上两条任何一条都可以得出“被罚的人爱超速”不成立,进而结论(装Radar的人通常爱超速)不成立。那么要让结论成立必然要把上述因素排除掉,“被罚的人通常就是比不被罚的人爱超速”一旦成立则结论也成立。
8#
发表于 2010-3-8 22:44:29 | 只看该作者
就是样本与整体的关系
9#
发表于 2010-4-4 21:16:40 | 只看该作者
还是不太明白啊 有没有NN再解释解释的 想得脑袋都疼了……谢谢谢谢!
10#
发表于 2010-4-12 19:36:45 | 只看该作者
我觉得楼上的说的很好~
假设的提出一定是要支持原文的结论的。B说这些被罚的人本来就经常超速,那么在这些本来就超速的人中又有33%都有雷达,那么就增加了结论的可能性啊
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