[求助]L2001/10-1-23

weiyu

L2001/10-1-23fficeffice" />

23. Some statisticians claim that the surest way to increase the overall correctness of the total set of one’s beliefs is: never change that set, except by rejecting a belief when given adequate evidence against it. However, if this were the only rule one followed, then whenever one were presented with any kind of evidence, one would have to either reject some of one’s beliefs or else leave one’s beliefs unchanged. But then, over time, one could only have fewer and fewer beliefs. Since we need many beliefs in order to survive, the statisticians’ claim must be mistaken.

The argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that it

(A) presumes, without providing any justification, that the surest way of increasing the overall correctness of the total set of one’s beliefs must not hinder one’s ability to survive

(B) neglects the possibility that even while following the statisticians’ rule, one might also accept new beliefs when presented with some kinds of evidence

(C) overlooks the possibility that some large sets of beliefs are more correct overall than are some small sets of beliefs

(D) takes for granted that one should accept some beliefs related to survival even when given adequate evidence against them（A）

(E) takes for granted that the beliefs we need in order to have many beliefs must all be correct beliefs

Answer is A; 我选对了，是因为实战时觉得A对就没看后面的；可是后来是越看越puzzled.

    

英文为Mindfree的解释，中文是我的理解


After    reading    the    passage    and    all    the    choices,    C,D,E    can    all    be    eliminated    as    they    either    have    nothing    to    do    with    the    passage    or    logic,    or    they    contain    argument    that    is    beyond    the    passage.    


我对E的理解：说误认为我们必须需要correct beliefs，如果不需要correct beliefs那不就不用排除我们已有但是是错误的beliefs, 因此beliefs for survival也不会少.

    

Mindfree认为A对的解释：In    the    passage,    the    logic    is    that    the    surest    way    will    lead    to    fewer    and    few    beliefs-->hard    to    survive    -->mistaken.    As    you    can    see    from    the    first    sentence,    the    purpose    of    the    surest    way    is    to    increase    correctness    of    beliefs,    and    ability    to    survive    is    not    mentioned.    So    there    is    a    gap    and    the    author    apparently    made    an    assumption    that    survival    is    equally    important    in    determining    whether    the    surest    way    is    right    or    not.    Answer    A    casts    doubt    on    the    assumption.

关于Ｂ的解释

The    problem    of    choice    B    is    that    obtaining    new    beliefs    is    not    discussed    in    the    passage    and    we    have    no    way    to    prove    that    the    person    can    obtain    new    beliefs    if    he    or    she    follows    the    rule.    

我对B的理解：说可能(注意仅仅是可能性，我认为并不需要mindfree所说的要prove)accept new beliefs, therefore the claim that one could only have fewer and fewer beliefs will not right; 再看看E, 说误认为我们必须需要correct beliefs，如果不需要correct beliefs那不就不用排除我们已有但是是错误的beliefs, 因此beliefs for survival也不会少.

weiyu

why nobody help me?

snow_mountain

mindfree 不是解释得很清楚了吗？


文章得推理是： 某某人的claim: the surest way to correct one's belief is ......     这种claim 是错的。因为人们生存要很多信念。因此，除非纠正人们错误观念的最确定的方式一定要保证人们的生存，否则这个推理就是错的。

weiyu

可能需要将我的意思说的明确些：fficeffice" />

Since we need many beliefs in order to survive, the statisticians’ claim must be mistaken

原文说：因为需要很多的belief去生存, 而如果采用statisticians的规则，我们已有的belief会随着时间被逐渐的reject掉，所以这种说法不对。因此如果选项中说明我们的belief不会减少，不就说明statisticians的说法没错吗？

snow_mountain

你的假设还是建立在sufficient number of belives has relation with our survival 的基础上的呀。


你的推理是：因为我们的belief 不需要都是对的，所以其数量不一定会减少。 因为不会减少，所以不影响生存。 但是如果说生存压根就跟surival 没关系。不就从根本上否定了推理。