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收到短信，让我再贴几篇练习作文，就再贴一下。 以前的分析请见144楼。 Argument 例文（三）工厂降成本 In this argument, the author recommends that all drill bits but no other parts should be produced in the factor of Cookville in order to achieve the cost efficiency based on the evidence that current unit cost of the factory is significantly lower than that of any other factors. By doing so, the author claims that the company will minimize the production cost of the parts as the only approach to minimize the overall cost. The argument looks reasonable at a first glance; however, careful examination will reveal that both the evidence and the line of reasoning are questionable in the following parts.
First of all, the author assumes without justification that current low production cost of drill pit in Cookville factor will continue if all its capacity is allocated to this product. Little information was provided about the root causes behind the production efficiency of this factory. Chances are great that the factors that differentiate the performance of this factor may not continue to exist once the production scales up. For example, if the efficiency was achieved by some very proficient workers who can hardly transit their skills to a larger group of colleagues, less efficient workers will have to handle the expanded workload. Under such circumstances, the author's plan of expanding the capacity of a particular part is totally ungrounded.
In the second place, the author mistakenly neglects the potential negative impact of the change of production arrangement, even if we concede that the Cookville factor will produce the part more efficiently than other factors do in a large scale. The overall production cost of a machine includes several factors, such as the logistics cost and training cost for workers. Among all these components, the impact of the production efficiency of one particular part can be insignificant. Common sense tells us that the proposed production plan will require the company to spend huge amount money on transporting the finished parts to one place where they can be fit together, and to transform all factories to their newly assigned tasks through reinvestment and training programs. We cannot exclude the possibility that the upfront investment and long-term return will be even lower than the potential savings, if any. In brief, the author will have to exam the potential financial impacts of this plan in a more comprehensive way.
More importantly, the author improperly dictates that minimizing the product cost of single parts is the only approach to decrease the unit cost. Conversely, a wide range of other solutions are available, such as decreasing the transportation cost, downsizing the overhead, and improving the production efficiency in the assembling stage. Without fully exploring the saving potentials of other viable options, the judgment is too hasty.
To summarize, I will be reluctant to take this recommendation as the author commits the above-mentioned fallacies. To validate his or her proposal, the author will have to exam the financial impact of the proposed initiative in a more careful way as well as to identify other potential better opportunities.
Argument 例文（四）改广告途径 The following appeared in a memorandum from the owner of Carlo’s Clothing to the staff. “Since Disc Depot, the music store on the next block, began a new radio advertising campaign last year, its business has grown dramatically, as evidenced by the large increase in foot traffic into the store. While the Disc Depot’s owners have apparently become wealthy enough to retire, profits at Carlo’s Clothing have remained stagnant for the past three years. In order to boost our sales and profits, we should therefore switch from newspaper advertising to frequent radio advertisements like those for Disc Depot.” 472字 In this argument, the author, the owner of Carlo’s Clothing claims that the company should imitate the neighboring music store Disc Depot to switch from newspaper advertising to frequent radio advertisements and that this initiative will boost their sales and profit. In order to support the recommendation, the author introduced the successful experience happened in Disc Deport, implying that the business growth in Disc Deport can be fully attributed to the radio advertising. The argument looks reasonable at a first glance; however, careful reflections reveal that both the evidence and the line of reasoning are questionable in the following aspects. First of all, the author assumes without justification that the radio advertisement is the key reason for the business growth in Disc Deport. It seems true that the growth happened after the radio advertisement. However, the coincidence in timing of the two events does not sufficiently reveal a casual relationship between them. It is likely that Disc Deport also introduced a series of other actions that generated higher traffic volume, such as aggressive discount, attractive promotion or expansion of product selections. Therefore, it is too arbitrary to accredit the radio advertisement with the business growth without understanding all the initiatives taken by Disco Deport carefully. Second of all, the author commits the fallacy of “false analogy” between the two types of businesses. The stores share some similarities such as locations, but they are by nature distinct in many aspects. Even if the radio advertisement works well for Disco Deport, the factors that underlines the success may not exist in Carlo’s Clothing at all. For example, common sense tells us customers of music stores probably enjoy listening to the music from radio programs. Consequently, the radio advertisement can reach the right customer target. However, Carol Clothing’s customers are not necessarily the audience for the radio programs. Therefore, in this improper analogy, the author mistakenly assumes a valid approach in Disco Deport will be valid in Carlo as well. Moreover, the author mistakenly establishes the casual relationship among “foot traffic”, “sales” and “profit”. Admittedly, even if more customers are attracted by the advertisement to enter Diso Deport and thus generate higher “foot traffic”, they are not warranted to spend money in the store, not to mention that generate profits in this store. Unless he or she validate the real financial impact of the radio advertisement, the owner of Carol Clothing is probably to hasty to conclude that radio advertisement will lead to higher sales and profit. To summarize, I will be reluctant to adopt the recommendation of switching to radio advertisement as the author commit above fallacies. To enhance his or her argument, the author will at least have to substantiate the positive financial impact of radio advertisement in Disco Deport and to ensure that the approach is plausible in Carol’s Clothing as well. Argument 例文（五）改国家公园的用途 Werneria的支柱产业是旅游业,但在Werneria的国家公园(national parks)没有以前那么有吸引力了(attractive),表现在最近5年来,旅游业的利润(revenue)持续下滑.近期在这些国家公园内发现了大型矿石储藏(large minaral deposits).因此,政府应该允许矿物公司开采这些矿石(permit the mining in the national parks),因为矿物公司将提供可观的税收收入(substantial tax revenue)和数以百计的就业岗位(hundreds of job positions),而未来旅游业的收益还将继续下滑. In this argument, the author proposed to permit the mining of newly discovered large mineral deposits in the national parks based on the reasoning that the tourism industry in the park will be no longer attractive or profitable. To support the conclusion, the author brings the opinion that the mining companies will provide substantial benefits including tax revenue and job offerings to this country. The proposal looks attractive at a first glance; however, careful reflections reveal that both the evidence and the line of reasoning are questionable in the following aspects. First of all, the author arbitrarily assumes that the tourism industry will not be profitable based on its financial performance in the recent five years. However, little information was provided why the profit has been decreasing or whether the profit can be recovered. Chances are great that the profit decreasing will last only in short-term. For example, the National Park may have been investing heavily in infrastructures in the past 5 years, leading to a negative cash flow but substantial potential in the future. Therefore, it is too hasty to make the judgment that the tourism industry will continue its unsatisfying performance and that it should be replaced by other more promising industries. Secondly, the proposal of permitting mining in the national part rests on doubtful assumption that the mining industry will bring more financial benefits and job offerings than the tourism in national park will. On one hand, even though the national park has probably been losing money, it may have been benefit the whole economy by attracting tourists who not only spend money in the park itself but also generate revenue for stores, hotels, air lines and other relevant industries. On the other hand, the job offering brought by the mining industry will be at the cost of current employees in national park. Therefore, the impact of replacing one industry with another can be controversial. More importantly, the argument improperly suggests that financial related factors are dominantly important for this country to consider the utilization of national park. Common sense tells us, the mining industry will almost inevitably bring environmental damages to the natural and cultural heritage, which can otherwise be perpetual treasure for people in this country and in the world. Consequently, we cannot help wondering whether the financial benefit can necessarily justify damaging the national park. In brief, I will be extremely reluctant to take this recommendation as the author commits the above fallacies, particularly the third one. The validate his or her argument, he or she will have to at least exam both the positive and negative impacts of the two options in a more comprehensive way. ISSUE 例文（三）要不要听名人观点 No doubt celebrities such as actors, athletes and rock stars tend to attract many people to listen to their opinions. These famous people have achieved great success in their lives and thus their opinions are regarded to be smart and reliable. However, I do not agree that we should always pay attention to these opinions by recognizing that they are not necessarily insightful or applicable to our lives. The following discussions may help enrich and substantiate my point of view.
First of all, celebrities are not always the experts in many aspects. Even if we respect their professional achievements and are fascinated with their charming personalities, we should understand that they are no different than ordinary people in many areas of lives. An anecdotal story may help illustrate this point. In China, an actress with her young baby was invited to shoot a commercial for a brand of infant milk power product. According to some reliable median reports, she did believe in the product that she represents and fed her baby with it. With belief in the actress, many young mothers changed their choices of dairy products for their babies. Unfortunately, in 2008 some of the products were detected to contain a cancer-causing chemical, melamine, which was illegally added by the producer to replace a type of nutrition ingredient to save costs. The actress was just as shocked and hurt as those other young mothers were. As you can see, the actress does not have much more knowledge in choosing the right product than many of ordinary consumers do. People who listened to her opinion in this area paid their price.
More importantly, the point of views from those celebrities are not necessarily applicable and insightful for other people, though the opinions are likely to
make sense to themselves. Generally speaking, many people have faith in public figures’ advices particularly about successful factors in achieving personal dreams. I concede that their success is a valid reason for one to pay more attention to them. Well, common sense tells us that there are many influential factors that contribute to one’s success, namely, family backgrounds, born talents, and opportunities. All these factors can be drastically different for each person. Suppose an athlete attributes his success to his born talent, chances are great that other children with seemingly less talents will fulfill their dream by working harder. Therefore, celebrities’ personal experience can be inspirational and inviting, but everyone should still find his or her own way to live.
To summarize, we may safely arrive in the conclusion that we should not always rely on opinions from famous people. On one hand, they are not “god” who is always right in the life; on the other hand, they are more or less different from us. Obviously, it is wiser to listen to other people in a more cautious attitude, no matter how
famous they are.
ISSUE 例文（四）什么样的工作方式最好（这是托福作文，但是原理是一样的）我issue练得少 Some people prefer to work for themselves or own a business. Others prefer to work for an employee. Would you rather be self-employed, work for someone else, or own a business?
460字 What is the most preferable type of job, being self-employed, working for someone else, or owning a business? The issue at hand is a quite complex and controversial one.
Recognizing all these options have their respective advantages and disadvantages,
I would like to choose to be self-employed, the format that can allow me to achieve my personal goal in more flexible settings. The following discussion will help enrich and illustrate my point of view.
First of all, being self-employed enables me to enjoy great flexibility and simplicity. Common sense tells us, most careers in a business require people to live with a network of social relationships, such as regulators, investors, suppliers, customers and colleagues including bosses, peers and subordinates. It is time-consuming and demanding for one to handle all these relationships, which prevents him or her to focus on the core work a person enjoys most. For instance, suppose you are working with a team, you will probably spend great time on reaching an agreement among many different people. I concede that some of the discussions are necessary and helpful, but many of them do hinder the efficiency. While one still needs to deal with other people in a self-employed job, the relationship is much more simplified and thus most parts of the work can be done by oneself in a more flexible way.
The second reason for me to choose my stance is that being a freelancer allows an idealist to chase his or her dream without concerning commercial interests. My personal story can help illustrate this point of view.
My company once assigned me to work as a volunteer for a charity organization, during which I still received my salary. On one hand, my boss was willing to do so to give back to the society; on the other hand, the work can benefit the company by raising the public image and brand favorability. However, considering the limited budget for charity work, the company stopped the support shortly after the project even though continuous help is much more valuable in philanthropy. “We should balance the investment and return for everything we do,” said my boss. Even though I understood the company’s decision, I felt disappointed. Several years later, I started to be a freelancer consultant as well as a volunteer who spent most leisure hours with nonprofit organizations. The impact I can make is the only thing I need to consider, as along as I can make a minimum living. Suppose I was still working for a business, I will not have the “luxury” to do so.
To summarize, I love being a freelancer as it makes me feel “free”. I don’t deny the value of working in other formats, but “chase my own dream” is the top priority for me to make the decision.
ISSUE 例文（五）团队如何做决定 What will be the most effetive way to get work done in a group of people or an institution? Should all decisions be made and the responsibilities taken by everyone in the team or not? The issue at hand is a complex and controversial one. On one hand, as is well-known and has been advocated, all team members should be involved in a decision-making process to better leverage everyone's intellectual resources and incentivize his or her work; on the other hand, many people insist that the power of decision making and the ownership of the responsibility should be relatively concentrated on one or a few people. The statement shows a strong preference to the former opinion. In my view, however, the most effective way of work is to make the ownership more centralized rather than decentralized. The following discussions will help enrich and substantiate my point of view.
First of all, a group leader should take more responsibility and have stronger say in decision making process given his or her proven experience and skills. Although junior team members may also have very valuable opinions and imaginative problem-solving approaches, experience plays much more important role in a process of ensuring a right decision to minimize the risks. The following example of personal experience may help further support this point. Five years ago, as a young business consultant in a team that targets to provide advices for a global leading beverage company on its growth strategy in China's market, I advised my client to build a strong brand as a prerequisite to succeed in China, in which customers are increasingly brand sensitive. My recommendation was grounded by consumer survey and in-depth interviews in many big cities. However, my engagement manager asked me to gauge the market potential and pointed out that the client would soon have to penetrate to lower tier cities to realize its sales target. While in the lower tier cities in China, brand was no longer important for beverage consumers, instead a sold distribution and logistics network is much more fatal. From this study, I realized that an experienced and insightful leader can be more counted on rather than a group of much less experienced rookies are. As I have been gradually improving my consulting skills and accumulating my experience and knowledge, I found that I can increasingly contribute to my team decision.
The second reason for me to choose my stance is that a more centralized decision making process can often accelerate the process and achieve a wise decision in more time-efficient ways. Admittedly, there is no absolute right or wrong in many cases in the daily work. Under such circumstances, a complete decentralized mechanism will probably lead to endless debate and discussion, resulting in waste of energy, time and resources. Therefore, as along as each team members are involved in the decision-making process, someone should have the authority to make a judgment call. Sometimes, timing of the decision is much more important a determinant than the content of the decision itself is. To summarize, based on the above-mentioned rationales, we may safely arrive in the conclusion that the responsibility and decision-making power should be moderately concentrated to achieve efficiency in the work of a group of people. Team members should be encouraged to take ownership of their individual workstream, but the team as whole should assign the team leader(s) with sufficient authority. ISSUE 例文（六）小朋友要不要运动 Some young children spend a great amount of their time participating in sports. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this.
Parents and teachers sometimes worry about the young children who spend a great amount of their time participating in sports. Some of them concern that a lot of sports activities are quite dangerous; others prefer their children to focus on other valuable skills such as playing piano and learning mathematics. However, in my view, sports activities are one of the most effective approaches to help young children develop physical and mental skills. The following discussion will help enrich and substantiate my point of view.
First of all, one of the greatest advantages of sports activities is to help young children build up their physical strengths. Common sense tells us that a lot of influential factors contribute to a young child’s growth, such as an appropriate diet and a healthy lifestyle. Well, among all these factors, sport activities are not ignorable. By playing soccer or basket ball, riding a bicycle, skiing, and running, young children start to learn to control their bodies and gradually build their physical powers. More importantly, early exposure to the fun of sports will help young children to cultivate a healthy habit of regular exercise. Suppose a boy is good at playing basket ball, he is likely to play it quite often even after he reaches his adulthood and maintains a healthier life than those who exercise less.
In the second place, sports activities are extremely helpful to build up a good personality. On one hand, most sport activities are team works. When children play together, they learn to co-operate with and respect other people. The team work spirit accumulated in sports activities will benefit them in the future. On the other hand, sports activities usually involve a lot of intensive competition and require for persistent efforts to win. Young children may face challenges, frustration and even pains in sports. Fortunately, with guidance from their coaches and parents as well as support from their friends, they will finally learn to handle the difficulties. The courage and persistency it takes to win in a game is just as powerful as it is in a tough life. Do you remember that a slogan of a famous brand of sports products says, “Impossible is nothing”? It was sports that help instill the valuable spirits into young children.
To summarize, I concede that parents and teachers have valid reasons to worry about children. There are quite a lot of cases that young children got severely hurt in such activities and that some children were too distracted by sports from serious studies. Well, I still believe that sports activities should be one of the most important parts of children’s lives based on the above-mentioned reasons. As long as parents and teachers give proper guidance and supervision, sports clearly help young children more than hurt them. 其它请见144楼，我是5.5分，不是满分，请记得喔！ |
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发表于 2009-9-4 15:24:00
