费费逻辑宝典--77题的假设与加强

nic_8899

本来是会做题的，但看了费费宝典后我直接整懵了，有些假设题的答案中有加强或削弱的选项，我不清楚假设和加强怎么区分了，哪位好心人能解答一下啊……

77. How do the airlines expect to prevent commercial plane crashes? Studies have shown that pilot error contributes to two-thirds of all such crashes. To address this problem, the airline have upgraded their training programs by increasing the hours of classroom instruction and emphasizing communication skills in the cockpit. But it is unrealistic to expect such measures to compensate for pilots’ lack of actual flying time. Therefore, the airlines should rethink their training approach to reducing commercial crashes.

 

Which one of the following is an assumption upon which the argument depends?

 

A.        Training programs can eliminate pilot errors.

B.        Commercial pilot routinely undergo additional training throughout their careers.

C.        The number of airline crashes will decrease if pilot training programs focus on increasing actual flying time.

D.       Lack of actual flying time is an important contributor to pilot error in commercial plane crashes.

E.        Communication skills are not important to pilot training programs.

 

参考答案：D

思路：xxx的program 不能补充pilots’ lack of actual flying time.结论：thererfore, rethink approach to prevent commercial plane crash. 中间有思维跳跃，actual flying time 与plane crash 什么关系？

A.        削弱，program can eliminate…, so do not need rethink approach

B.         无关。题中是prevent planes crashes的training.

C.         加强。

D.        将actual flying time 与(pilot error in) plane crashes 联系起来。对assumption取非：actual flying time is not an important contributor to pilot error in commercial plane crashes. 削弱结论。符合ETS假设定义。

E.         加强。

对C取非，也会削弱结论啊……

jbyupei

C选项说的不够边缘，整个飞机事故没有特别的必要减少， 只要由飞行员失误导致的事故减少就行， 也就是说， 当飞行员失误型事故减少的

同时，其他事故相对增加是有可能的， 而这样也符合原题观点

nic_8899

嗯，谢谢，貌似明白了~~~

yhwut

求助：
这道题虽然感觉D比C好
可是对于这种假设题，怎样才能够准确定位答案呢？
很多人用假设题正确答案取非便削弱来验证答案，可是像C这种加强的选项，取非也使之削弱。那用这种方法来验证有何意义？
而且这种题我总是在徘徊在像这样的两个选项之间。
忘高人指点迷津！！！！！！

girlwithwings

我的解释是这样的

原文结论———要rethink training approach
值得注意的是———论点是这个rethink training 而不是 decrease crash

D 实际飞行不重要的话，就不用rethink——— 也就是 D
(因为training 还不够好- 隐含缺少实际飞行， 原文——But it is unrealistic to expect 。。。)

C 的论点 focus on" decrease crash 数量" ，加强原文中心。

所以看具体结论，论点是什么很重要