prep1 essay6到底在说什么？

helenran

joannelu 发表于 2009-9-25 16:26
What conclusion can be drawn, for example, from Allen's discovery that Puritan clergy who had come t ...

谢谢~明白了

elevenly1011

求教各位大牛为什么b based on a logical fallacy不对？最后一句说 but it is a mistake for their authors to conclude that village institutions are all that mattered, simply because their functions are all that the records of village institutions reveal.  不就是说allen仅仅因为village institutions的作用来自于village institutions本身的记录，就认为village institutions就都这样，那么“仅仅因为...”是allen理论的assumption,那么他的理论就是based on a logical fallacy，不知道b为什么错呀。。。求指点！

junichishi

好人一生平安

madam27

Q19
It can be inferred from the passage that the author of the passageconsiders Allen's "discovery" (see highlighted text) to be

(A)          already known toearlier historians

(B)          based on a logicalfallacy

(C)          improbable butnevertheless convincing

(D)          an unexplained,isolated fact

(E)          a new, insightfulobservation

定位:
What conclusion canbe drawn, for example, from Allen's discovery that Puritan clergy who had cometo the colonies from East Anglia were one-third to one-half as likely to returnto England by 1660 as were Puritan ministers from western and northernEngland?  We are not told in what way, ifat all, this discoveryilluminates historical understanding.  
翻译: 通过Allen的discovery我们能得出什么结论呢？Allen没有告诉我们这个discovery如何解释了历史 ->这个发现是没有被解释


discovery 同义置换: fact
illuinates 同意置换: explain

Milo丶

Essay #6精读.  145        (21972-!-item-!-188;#058&00145-00)

Colonial（殖民地的）historian（历史学家） David Allen's intensive（深入细致的） study of five communities（村社；社会，集体；） in seventeenth-century Massachusetts is a model of meticulous scholarship（细致的学术） on the detailed microcosmic（微观水平） level, and is convincing up to a point.  
DA历史学家深入研究了17世纪M这个地方的五个村落。
Allen suggests that much more coherence and direct continuity (existed between English and colonial agricultural practices农业惯例) and administrative（行政的、管理的） organization（行政组织） than other historians have suggested.  
DA比别的历史学家更多的表明了在 国家事件 和 当地习俗、行政组织 之间有一致性、有关系。
However, he overstates（夸大） his case with the declaration（宣言，布告） that he has proved "the remarkable extent to which diversity in New England local institutions was directly imitative of regional differences in the mother country.（New England的diversity 是 模仿 England的差异）"
DA过分强调了England和New England之间“diversity”多样性的一致性也是模仿的。



Such an assertion（主张，断言） ignores critical differences between seventeenth-century England and New England.  
他这么过分强调就忽略了17世纪England和New England之间的不同了。
First, England was overcrowded and land-hungry; New England was sparsely（稀少的） populated and labor-hungry.  
Second, England suffered the normal European rate of mortality（死亡率）; New England, especially in the first generation of English colonists, was virtually free from infectious diseases.  
Third, England had an all-embracing state church; in New England membership in a church was restricted to the elect.  
Fourth, [q17]a high proportion of English villagers lived under paternalistic（家长式统治的） resident squires（(地主阶级的)乡绅，老爷）; no such class existed in New England.  
        England(17-century)        New England
First        人口拥挤、土地稀缺        人口稀少、劳动力稀缺
Second        正常死亡率        免疫感染类疾病
Third        包括一切的教会        教会成员限制参与选举
Fourth        地主乡绅阶级拥有家长式权利        没有乡绅阶级

By narrowing his focus to village institutions and ignoring these critical differences, which studies by Greven, Demos, and Lockridge have shown to be so important, Allen has created a somewhat distorted（曲解） picture of reality.
（DA这个学者有些忽视并且曲解了曾经被被别人研究的这些不同。）



Allen's work is a rather extreme example of [the "country community" school（cc学派） of seventeenth-century English history (whose intemperate（无节制的） excesses in <removing all national issues（国情） from the history of that period> have been exposed by Professor Clive Holmes.[q18])  ]
DA的工作是 17世纪英国cc学派的很典型的例子。 Cc学派：无节制的把所有国家问题都从那段历史中移除。
Allen的作品是属于“country community”这个学派的极端的例子，Professor Clive Holmes已经曝光了这个学派的过激之处在于其所有判断都排除了当时的国情。（解析中的翻译）
What conclusion can be drawn, for example, from Allen's discovery [that Puritan clergy (who had come to the colonies from East Anglia<就是England的阿拉伯语>) were one-third to one-half as likely to return to England by 1660 as were Puritan ministers from western and northern England]?  
从DA研究成果（[]括起来的部分）中能得到什么结论？ DA研究成果：[从东英来的PC教徒 有 三分之一或者一半的可能 像从西英或北英的教徒一样 返回到England]
We are not told in what way, if at all,[q19] this discovery illuminates（说明(问题等)；启发，启蒙） historical understanding.
没有得知什么结论，不过，这个发现说明了历史上的理解。
我们不知道是什么方法，如果这种方法的存在话，这个发现将会点亮历史的认识。
Studies of local history have enormously expanded our horizons, but it is a mistake for their authors to conclude that village institutions are all that mattered, simply because their functions are all that the records of village institutions reveal.
虽然DA对英国历史的研究极大的拓宽了我们的视野；但是那是错的： 他们的作者得出结论 <村落就是那样的，因为他们的历史记录揭露的就是那样的。>


我做了一下这篇文章的精读，希望分享给你。