再问逻辑一道~~~

cuishang11

Historian: There is no direct evidence that timber was traded between the ancient nations of Poran and Nayal, but the fact that a law setting tariffs on timber imports from Poran was enacted during the third Nayalese dynasty does suggest that during that period a timber trade was conducted.

Critic: Your reasoning is flawed. During its third dynasty, Nayal may well have imported timber from Poran, but certainly on today’s statute books there remain many laws regulating activities that were once common but in which people no longer engage.

22.   The critic’s response to the historian is flawed because it

(A) produces evidence that is consistent with there not having been any timber trade between Poran and Nayal during the third Nayalese dynasty

(B) cites current laws without indicating whether the laws cited are relevant to the timber trade

(C) fails to recognize that the historian’s conclusion was based on indirect evidence rather than direct evidence

(D) takes no account of the difference between a law’s enactment at a particular time and a law’s existence as part of a legal code at a particular time

(E) accepts without question that assumption about the purpose of laws that underlies the historian’s argument

答案是D

谁能告诉我D是什么意思啊

crusoecrusoe

D 没有考虑到“法律在特定时间的生效”及“法律作为法典中之特定时间的存续”的不同。
意思是：critics的理由是不能推出其结论的。critics的理由是“现存的法律很多已经不被适用了”（是存续状态）来推出“the third Nayalese dynasty”之前，便已经有timber交易了（之前法律并未颁布，即未生效）。
一般的思考是，法律先生效，才谈得上存续。在第三王朝颁布生效，其存续是之后的时间段，而critics推出第三王朝之前的法律经济状态，是比较荒谬的。本题算是有一定的法律专业背景，楼主可能对此有些概念上的模糊。

cuishang11

那是... 相当的模糊啊

cuishang11

再问一道~~

3     Citizen of Mooresville: Mooresville’s current city council is having a ruinous effect on municipal finances. Since a majority of the incumbents are running for reelection, I am going to campaign against all these incumbents in the upcoming city council election. The only incumbent I will support and vote for is the one who represents my own neighborhood, because she has the experience necessary to ensure that our neighborhoods interests are served. If everyone in Mooresville would follow my example, we could substantially change the council’s membership.

Assuming that each citizen of Mooresville is allowed to vote only for a city council representative from his or her own neighborhood, for the council’s membership to be changed substantially, it must be true that

(A) at least some other voters in Mooresville do not make the same exception for their own incumbent in the upcoming election

(B) most of the eligible voters in Mooresville vote in the upcoming election

(C) few of the incumbents on the Mooresville city council have run for reelection in previous elections

(D) all of the seats on the Mooresville city council are filled by incumbents whose terms are expiring

(E) none of the challengers in the upcoming election for seats on Mooresville’s city council are better able to serve the interests of their neighborhoods than were the incumbents

答案A, 不太明白A的意思   make the same exception for.. 是指什么？ 

[此贴子已经被作者于2009-5-3 0:18:49编辑过]

crusoecrusoe

原文： If everyone in Mooresville would follow my example,（不是所有人都follow my example）

表明：at least some other voters in Mooresville do not make the same （一定有其他人没有make the same）

其他选项都太绝对了。

这题不需要搞清楚“make the exception”具体的意思，既然有same一词，就指代与原文中的对应关系，直接等量代换即可。由于有at least限定之后，自然可推出答案了。

实战中，不必搞强求翻译后的意思，这是出题人的伎俩，主要考的还是逻辑，做题速度是王道，抓住逻辑脉络就可以了。

cuishang11

crusoecrusoe说的很有指导意义啊

[此贴子已经被作者于2009-5-4 9:39:26编辑过]

cuishang11

再问~

8.     In Malsenia sales of classical records are soaring. The buyers responsible for this boom are quite new to classical music and were drawn to it either by classical scores from television commercials or by theme tunes introducing major sports events on television. Audiences at classical concerts, however, are continually shrinking in Malsenia. It can be concluded from this that the new Malsenian converts to classical music, having initially experienced this music as recorded music, are most comfortable with classical music as recorded music and really have no desire to hear live performances.

The argument assumes which one of the following?

(A) To sell well in Malsenia, a classical record must include at least one piece familiar from television.

(B) At least some of the new Malsenian buyers of classical records have available to them the option of attending classical concerts.

(C) The number of classical concerts performed in Malsenia has not decreased in response to smaller audiences.

(D) The classical records available in Malsenia are, for the most part, not recordings of actual public concerts.

(E) Classical concerts in Malsenia are not limited to music that is readily available on recordings.

答案给的C  这我没意见 C是排除他因   但是B为什么不对呢  

“至少有一些买磁带的人有能够去听音乐会的选择”这个前提不满足的话，题干结论一样不能成立啊

cuishang11

再问~

8.     In Malsenia sales of classical records are soaring. The buyers responsible for this boom are quite new to classical music and were drawn to it either by classical scores from television commercials or by theme tunes introducing major sports events on television. Audiences at classical concerts, however, are continually shrinking in Malsenia. It can be concluded from this that the new Malsenian converts to classical music, having initially experienced this music as recorded music, are most comfortable with classical music as recorded music and really have no desire to hear live performances.

The argument assumes which one of the following?

(A) To sell well in Malsenia, a classical record must include at least one piece familiar from television.

(B) At least some of the new Malsenian buyers of classical records have available to them the option of attending classical concerts.

(C) The number of classical concerts performed in Malsenia has not decreased in response to smaller audiences.

(D) The classical records available in Malsenia are, for the most part, not recordings of actual public concerts.

(E) Classical concerts in Malsenia are not limited to music that is readily available on recordings.

答案给的C  这我没意见 C是排除他因   但是B为什么不对呢  

“至少有一些买磁带的人有能够去听音乐会的选择”这个前提不满足的话，题干结论一样不能成立啊

9.     Brain scans of people exposed to certain neurotoxins reveal brain damage identical to that found in people suffering from Parkinson’s disease. This fact shows not only that these neurotoxins cause this type of brain damage, but also that the brain damage itself causes Parkinson’s disease. Thus brain scans can be used to determine who is likely to develop Parkinson’s disease.

The argument contains which one of the following reasoning errors?

(A) It fails to establish that other methods that can be used to diagnose Parkinson’s disease are less accurate than brain scans.

(B) It overestimates the importance of early diagnosis in determining appropriate treatments for people suffering from Parkinson’s disease.

(C) It mistakes a correlation between the type of brain damage described and Parkinson’s disease for a causal relation between the two.

(D) It assumes that people would want to know as early as possible whether they were likely to develop Parkinson’s disease.（B）

(E) It neglects to specify how the information provided by brain scans could be used either in treating Parkinson’s disease or in monitoring the progression of the disease.

还有这一道  答案给的B  我怎么觉得答案错了啊  我选的C

[此贴子已经被作者于2009-5-4 9:38:58编辑过]

didiwei

我觉得8题选B，9题选C。

8题的C negate之后，就算音乐会的数量减少了，也不能得出乐迷最喜欢买磁带。

crusoecrusoe

8.     In
Malsenia sales of classical records are soaring. The buyers responsible
for this boom are quite new to classical music and were drawn to it
either by classical scores from television commercials or by theme
tunes introducing major sports events on television. Audiences at
classical concerts, however, are continually shrinking in Malsenia. It
can be concluded from this that the new Malsenian converts to classical
music, having initially experienced this music as recorded music, are
most comfortable with classical music as recorded music and really have
no desire to hear live performances.

The argument assumes which one of the following?

(A) To sell well in Malsenia, a classical record must include at least one piece familiar from television.

(B)
At least some of the new Malsenian buyers of classical records have
available to them the option of attending classical concerts.

(C) The number of classical concerts performed in Malsenia has not decreased in response to smaller audiences.

(D) The classical records available in Malsenia are, for the most part, not recordings of actual public concerts.

(E) Classical concerts in Malsenia are not limited to music that is readily available on recordings.

答案给的C  这我没意见 C是排除他因   但是B为什么不对呢  

“至少有一些买磁带的人有能够去听音乐会的选择”这个前提不满足的话，题干结论一样不能成立啊

的确，这一点不满足，结论一样不成立。

不过，B和C哪一个更assume原文你2？请看“however, are continually shrinking in Malsenia”，however之后的转折，往往就是要注意的地方，原文中仅就continually shrinking这个趋势做了解释，说明，答案中需要的假设条件应该是从数量或比例上进行的“趋势”性的。C答案的“The number of ”就是很明显的标志词。