|
伽利略的抽水原理: 几经部分 先说Galileo 认为水从井下取水打不到一定高度。然后让步,指出Though Galileo同意,引出亚里士多德(Aristotle) 关于水压(vacuum)的理论。说伽利略解释了vacuum,,并忽视了水对于井壁的压力。直到1764年 T 的理论才正式 否定了Galileo的后半部分观点,成立了新的正确的理论,并同时将此理论应用在了水银的压力测试中。进而某个T科学家阐释了多少的 vacuum能承受多少力的阐述(解释了有一个break point,超过了水,不会被压上来;就是具体多少真空导致多少压强什么的(有考题,问这句话的作用是什么),但是Galileo错误的认为blah blah (此处无考题,略过) Question 1:问伽利略,亚里士多德和一个T打头的人的理论的关系? Question 2:主题题 基金作者选了partially successful(我随大流也选这个) Wiki部分http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum Historically, there has been much dispute over whether such a thing as a vacuum can exist. Ancient Greek philosophers(也就是亚里士多德的年代) did not like to admit the existence of a vacuum, asking themselves "how can 'nothing' be something?". Plato found the idea of a vacuum inconceivable. He believed that all physical things were instantiations of an abstract Platonic ideal, and he could not conceive of an "ideal" form of a vacuum. Similarly, Aristotle considered the creation of a vacuum impossible — nothing could not be something. What was known was that suction pumps could not pull water beyond a certain height: 18 Florentine yards according to a measurement taken around 1635. (The conversion to metres is uncertain, but it would be about 9 or 10 metres.) This limit was a concern to irrigation projects, mine drainage, and decorative water fountains planned by the Duke of Tuscany, (问题的来源)so the Duke commissioned Galileo(他出现了) to investigate the problem. Galileo advertised the puzzle to other scientists, including Gasparo Berti who replicated it by building the first water barometer in Rome in 1639.[18] Berti's barometer produced a vacuum above the water column, but he could not explain it. The breakthrough was made by Evangelista Torricelli (他也出现了)in 1643. Building upon Galileo's notes, he built the first mercury barometer and wrote a convincing argument that the space at the top was a vacuum. The height of the column was then limited to the maximum weight that atmospheric pressure could support. 这里把他们几个人的关系说的再清楚不过了。(互相支持,绝非相反)他们一一有何贡献。(考到了2题)。最后再看一下压强有关的因素是什么。(有一题。Except个无关的)
|