OG11 129－134 第23篇

happywawa

发现我没有读懂 把我先分析的贴上来，欢迎讨论：

(難) Passage 23:

关于文章的标：

帮助理解文章的逻辑框架，都是TS,或举例（为了说明观点）

帮助理解记忆文章内容：时间，地点，人物，书名，事件

语言现象：指代，比较，并列，对比，引号，冒号登，一般是出题点。

表示注意某人的观点

Historians sometimes forget(-)that history is continually being made and experienced before it is studied, interpreted, and read.（TS:观点：历史学家常常忘记，历史正在继续产生和经历在它被学习，解释和阅读以前）These latter activities（正在产生的历史） have their own history, of course, which (5) may impinge in(撞击))unexpected ways on public events. It is difficult to predict when “new pasts”（表强调，指新的interpretations） will overturn(颠覆) established historical interpretations and change the course of history.

1^st 观点（由于我觉得本段很难理解我是按我的理解翻译了）：历史学家在常常忘记历史在被学习，解读和阅读以前正在继续产生和经理。这些正常发生的历史活动有自己的历史，然这些历史会以他们意想不到的方式和公共事件发生冲突。很难预计什么时候“新的过去”会颠覆已经建立的历史解释，并改变历史进程

In the fall of 1954, for example（举例一般是为了说明观点，第二段开头举例应该是说明第一段的TS）, C. Vann (10) Woodward
            delivered a lecture series at the University of Virginia that challenged the prevailing dogma concerning the history, continuity, and uniformity of racial segregation in the South. He argued that the Jim Crow laws of the late (15) nineteenth and early twentieth centuries
            not only codified traditional practice but also were a determined effort to erase the considerable progress made by black people during and after Reconstruction in the 1870’s.（这个部分是CVW的观点）
            This revisionist view（指代的是CVW的观点）(20) of Jim Crow legislation grew in part from the research that Woodward had done for the NAACP legal campaign during its preparation for Brown v. Board of Education. The Supreme Court had issued its ruling in this epochal desegregation case (+) (25) a few months before Woodward’s lectures.

2^nd: 舉例︰C.V.W在1954发表的关于解放种族歧视的观点。（但是还没有读出和核心观点的关系）

The lectures were soon published as a book,（从这句终于读出上和第一段的关系：即是正在产生的历史，相当于these activity,这一段讲这段历史is studied, interpreted, and read，预期讲这本书能不能改变已有的历史解读改变历史进程）
            The Strange Career of Jim Crow.
                Ten years later, in a preface to the second revised edition, Woodward confessed with ironic modesty (-)
                that the (30) first edition “had begun to suffer under some of the handicaps that might be expected in a history of the American Revolution published in 1776.”
                That was
                a bit like(表示比较)
            hearing Thomas Paine apologize for the timing of his pamphlet Common Sense,
            which had (35) a 1.comparable impact.
            Although（让步）Common Sense2.also had a mass readership,(前面两点是比较出的相同) Paine had intended to reach and inspire:（只有P有的） he was not a historian, and thus not concerned with accuracy or the dangers of historical anachronism. Yet(-),
            like Paine,（相同点）
            Woodward (40) had an unerring(正确的) sense of the revolutionary moment, and of how historical evidence could undermine the mythological tradition that was crushing the dreams of new social possibilities.（本段TS:W&都有正确的去理解革命的时刻，知道如何破坏神秘的历史传统，梦想新的社会可能）
            Martin Luther King Jr. testified to the profound effect of The Strange (45) Career of Jim Crow on the civil rights movement by praising(+) the book and quoting it frequently.

3^rd: 第二段是历史事件，第三段是历史事件的解读即书的出版。通过比较TP相同点和不同点说明其实没有“颠覆”。并用MLK评价CVW&TP：积极发现历史变革，梦想颠覆已经建立的历史解释，并改变历史进程。同时也是说明第一段的观点。

 

我的问题：

1^st：我觉得第一段很难理解，不是一眼看过去就知道要将什么。不知道NN能不能把它总结为一句简单的话。

问：“these latter activities”指代我理解的是正在放生的历史，也不知道准确否。请NN帮忙！

2^ed：第二段和核心观点的关系没有看出来，请指教。

问：“had begun to suffer under some of the handicaps that might be expected in a history of the American Revolution published in 1776.”NN对这句话的理解以及作用

The Supreme Court had issued its ruling in this epochal desegregation case (+) (25) a few months before Woodward’s lectures.这句话的意思，以及在这段的作用？

3^rd：究竟说明和第一段的核心观点的关系，还是不明确。请NN指教

问个问题，我不确定：通过对比(CVW&TP都是)十年以后和十年以前，是说明他们都自己认识到没有“颠覆”历史吗？

[此贴子已经被作者于2008-8-12 13:56:15编辑过]

happywawa

Questions 129-134 refer to the passage above.

129.  The “new pasts” mentioned in line 6 can best be described as the

(A) occurrence of events extremely similar to past events
            （絕對詞－錯）

(B) history of the activities of studying, interpreting, and reading new historical writing
                (迷惑選項－B.C比較難決選)

(C) change in people’s understanding of the past due to more recent historical writing (“New past” overturn historical interpretation, it must be new interpretations that change the way people understand history-正確)

(D) overturning of established historical interpretations by politically motivated politicians （未提）

(E) difficulty of predicting when a given historical interpretation will be overturned （無關）

定位： “These latter activities have their own history, of course, which (5) may impinge in unexpected ways on public events. It is difficult to predict when “new pasts” will overturn established historical interpretations（＝change in people’s understanding of the past）
            and change the course of history.”

解题思路：从原文定位，知道首先“new past”是interpretation，然后答案在BC,,我觉得OG上说的很好，”new past”颠覆了历史阐述，这个interpretation改变了人们对历史的看法。所以选C。

130.
                It can be inferred from the passage that the “prevailing dogma” (lines 11-12) held that

(A) Jim Crow laws were passed to give legal status to well-established discriminatory practices in the South
                (give legal status=codify, racial segregation=discriminatory practice)

(B) Jim Crow laws were passed to establish order and uniformity in the discriminatory practices of different southern states

(C) Jim Crow laws were passed to erase the social gains that black people had achieved since Reconstruction (定位錯－這是C.V.W new viewpoint)

(D) the continuity of racial segregation in the South was disrupted by passage of Jim Crow laws （違文，文中是codify traditional practice）

(E) the Jim Crow laws of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries were passed to reverse the effect of earlier Jim Crow laws (定位錯)

定位：for example
                C. Vann (10) Woodward
                delivered a lecture series at the University of Virginia that challenged the prevailing dogma concerning the history, continuity, and uniformity of racial segregation in the South. He argued that the Jim Crow laws of the late (15) nineteenth and early twentieth centuries
                not only codified traditional practice but also were a determined effort to erase the considerable progress made by black people during and after Reconstruction in the 1870’s.

按照OG的解释吧，其实我还是没有体会到OG的解释：recognize the logical structure of this sentence. Woodwad’s argument concedes the prevailing view expressed in the not only but potion of the sentence: codified traditional practice; Woodward’s challenge is then expressed in the but also portion of the sentence: determined effort to erase…progress.

我这么理解的：“not only….but also…..”的深层含义：not only 引导已经存在的观点，but also表示作者的观点

131.
                Which of the following is the best example of writing that is likely to be subject to the kinds of “handicaps” referred to in line 31？

(A) A history of an auto manufacturing plant written by an employee during an auto buying boom

(B) A critique of a statewide school‑ desegregation plan written by an elementary school teacher in that state

(C) A newspaper article assessing the historical importance of a United States president written shortly after the president has taken office

(D) A scientific paper describing the benefits of a certain surgical technique written by the surgeon who developed the technique

(E) Diary entries narrating the events of a battle written by a soldier who participated in the battle

这题我称为情景题，关键在于定位到原文的情景，能不能把握情景的关键点，找到选项相似的关键点就能选出答按。OG说的关键是W uses the term in reference to an evaluation of the American Revolution that was written in 1776. In 1776, the Revolution had just begun; may very important events were yet to come. 即角度在于写历史的事件和历史事件发生的时间的关系。

这题我做错了，别人的方法是什么啊，反正我是没有读出OG说的意思。

132.
                The passage suggests that C. Vann Woodward and Thomas Paine were similar in all of the following ways EXCEPT

(A) both had works published in the midst of important historical events

(B) both wrote works that enjoyed widespread popularity

(C) both exhibited an understanding of the relevance of historical evidence to contemporary issues

(D) the works of both had a significant effect on events following their publication

(E) both were able to set aside worries about historical anachronism in order to reach and inspire

见原文的比较部分。虽然选对了还是有问题。

问：

A怎么看出两本书是写在历史事件之前呢？谁帮忙解释下？

D．OG解释说line 35：a comparable impact这怎么能看出是影响历史事件呢?我看这个地方是说两个书有同样的影响啊，可能是出版的影响啊，但不代表影响了历史事件啊？昏

E:我没有找到哪个地方说CVW是历史学家，谁帮忙指一下。

133.
                The attitude of the author of the passage toward the work of C. Vann Woodward is best described as one of

 (A) respectful regard
            （尊重－正評價）

(B) qualified approbation
            （有保留的認可－文章是正評價並未有負評價－錯）

(C) implied skepticism
            （含蓄的懷疑－沒有懷疑－錯）

(D) pointed criticism
                （負面詞－錯）

(E) fervent advocacy
            （熱情的擁護－太過極端－錯）

134.
                Which of the following best describes the new idea expressed by C. Vann Woodward in his University of Virginia lectures in 1954?

 (A) Southern racial segregation was continuous and uniform.
            （無關）

(B) Black people made considerable progress only after Reconstruction.

(C) Jim Crow legislation was conventional in nature.
            （無關）

(D) Jim Crow laws did not go as far in codifying traditional practice as they might have (違文)

(E) Jim Crow laws did much more than merely reinforce a tradition of segregation.（表不只做not only的內容，還做了but also…的內容）

yinlixiao

同意楼主，文章很难，我做题的时候基本上除了一段，就没看懂下面在说什么。不过题目不难，除了131那道类比题，别的题只要细节定位好了，都很简单。
129就是一段二句的改写
130最简单，就是“the prevailing dogma”后面接的分词定语从句解释这个词组。当然文章作者在这里耍了一个小手段，注意C. VW是challenged the prevailing dogma。
131最难一道题，主要是我看文章也没看出那句话到底啥意思，也没看懂作者后面给的提示“the timing of his ...”，作者在这里提示了CVW是在讨论“timing"的问题
132简单。主要掌握Although句型的作用，Althoug ...also...(说的是相同点)，...: he was not a historian（接着就是说不同点）。
133我也是在“ironic modesty”这里犹豫了很久，但是最后认为，主态度还是体现在modesty，而不是那个修饰modesty的ironic。我觉得ironic不是贬义，而是指结果跟预期效果不一致。
134简单，主要掌握not only...but also句型，作者一般是要强调but also的内容

bluepis19

                        

楼主的文章分析好棒，原本读的有点雾里看花，现在总算有点头绪了。

我不是NN，但很想跟你分享我的看法，有错欢迎指正。

 

1.           1^st：我觉得第一段很难理解，不是一眼看过去就知道要将什么。不知道NN能不能把它总结为一句简单的话。
                                

à我觉得是说在不同的时间，因为所处的背景环境不同(因为历史不断的产生和经历)，对以前历史的认知有可能会改变。
                                 

不知道这样的解读对不对，请大家讨论。
                            

 

2.           问：“had begun to suffer under some of the handicaps that might be expected in a history of the American Revolution published in 1776.”NN对这句话的理解以及作用
                                

à我觉得用意是说W说他第一版的The Strange Career Of Jim Crow和1776年写的American Revolution相同的缺失都是在历史事件发生没多久就写了。

因为Line19~25说明W的想法是受NAACP影响的，而最高法院裁定Brown v. Board of education的结果是解除种族隔离，而这个裁定就在W’s lectures前几个月。

This revisionist view of Jim Crow legislation grew in part from the NAACP…..

…a few months before Woodward’s lectures.

而且第三段写The lectures were soon published as a book, The Stranger Career Of Jim Crow

从这些段落可以看出W的书就在法院裁定Brown v. Board of education这个事件没多久就出版了。

而American Revolution是在1776年写的，而1776年是American Revolution发生没多久。

不过我不太请楚为何W要用ironic modesty的口吻说这段话，是说他很不甘愿的承认了他第一版的书犯了在该历史事件没多久就发表的错误，所以把自己的情况拿来和American Revolution的发表相比吗?请各位NN帮忙。

 

3.           3^rd：究竟说明和第一段的核心观点的关系，还是不明确。请NN指教
                            

à我觉得是在说后面发生的历史改变了前面发生的历史观点(第一段的论点)。

W的第一版书是前面发生的历史，而W对其第一版书的观点有改变了(承认第一版的缺失)

而在后面的段落可知，W承认第一版的缺失是前面的历史，作者对W著作的认知赞许与肯定是后来发生的历史，作者对于W的缺失似乎不在意，说明后面发生的历史改变了前面发生的历史观点，即历史观点随着时代不断在改变。

 

4.           问个问题，我不确定：通过对比(CVW&TP都是)十年以后和十年以前，是说明他们都自己认识到没有“颠覆”历史吗？
                                    

à这个我也不知道，请大家继续讨论。

 

5.           

 

131.    Which of the following is the best example of writing that is likely to be subject to the kinds of “handicaps” referred to in line 31？

(A) A history of an auto manufacturing plant written by an employee during an auto buying boom

(B) A critique of a statewide school‑ desegregation plan written by an elementary school teacher in that state

(C) A newspaper article assessing the historical importance of a United States president written shortly after the president has taken office

(D) A scientific paper describing the benefits of a certain surgical technique written by the surgeon who developed the technique

(E) Diary entries narrating the events of a battle written by a soldier who participated in the battle

这题我称为情景题，关键在于定位到原文的情景，能不能把握情景的关键点，找到选项相似的关键点就能选出答按。OG说的关键是W uses the term in reference to an evaluation of the American Revolution that was written in 1776. In 1776, the Revolution had just begun; may very important events were yet to come. 即角度在于写历史的事件和历史事件发生的时间的关系。

这题我做错了，别人的方法是什么啊，反正我是没有读出OG说的意思。

à从
                            “had begun to suffer under some of the handicaps that might be expected in a history of the American Revolution published in 1776.”可知缺陷在于历史事件发生没多久就出版，而选项C符合这个时间关系。

 

6.          

 

132.    The passage suggests that C. Vann Woodward and Thomas Paine were similar in all of the following ways EXCEPT

(A) both had works published in the midst of important historical events

(B) both wrote works that enjoyed widespread popularity

(C) both exhibited an understanding of the relevance of historical evidence to contemporary issues

(D) the works of both had a significant effect on events following their publication

(E) both were able to set aside worries about historical anachronism in order to reach and inspire

见原文的比较部分。虽然选对了还是有问题。

问：

A怎么看出两本书是写在历史事件之前呢？谁帮忙解释下？

D．OG解释说line 35：a comparable impact这怎么能看出是影响历史事件呢?我看这个地方是说两个书有同样的影响啊，可能是出版的影响啊，但不代表影响了历史事件啊？昏

E:我没有找到哪个地方说CVW是历史学家，谁帮忙指一下。

àA: 因为从“had begun to suffer under some of the handicaps that might be expected in a history of the American Revolution published in 1776.”可知W的著作在事件发生后没多久，而从Line33可知P和他是一样的情况。

D: 我也说不清楚，我是觉得书如果有很大的影响力，应该就是表示对后世的影响很大。请大家继续讨论。

E: 我也不知道为何解答说CVW是历史学家，请大家帮忙指点。

~请大家继续讨论喔~

听风听雨

呵呵，我也是绊在131跟132，这两题好像要求大家对历史有了解啊，如果不知道CIVIL RIGHT 跟AMERRICAN REVOLUTION 的时间，这两题几乎就没什么可能做对，不过132好排除法还好判断些，131实在是摸不着头脑。

wangyi217

我认为第一段的the latter activities是指前面的study,interpret and read

wangyi217

These latter activities
                 have their own history, of course, which  may impinge in unexpected ways on public events.
        

当然这些后来的活动本身也有自己的历史

我觉得言外之意就是说 历史的研究解读 本身也算历史

第二段举例W的lecture，这个lecture是对之前传统观点的抨击，是一种对历史的评价

但是做出评价这件事本身也是一件历史~

第三段是对第二段这个“解读历史的历史事件"的评价，并和P作比较，（P的书对英国历来的殖民和政治进行了抨击）

不晓得这样理解怎么样...

估计没人回，呵呵

lcy19812000

我觉得bluepis19 JJ的理解好。

w评价他的第一版书，这就是说他把第一版书当成了一个历史事件。对应第一段说的study，interpretation and reading也有自己的历史。

但是132中的D我是真没看出来为什么是对的。

realrual

第131题我觉得如果不熟悉american revolution的话很难看出1776年是一个什么性质的年份吧

可能美国人一看就知道1776年出的有关revolution的书是有什么问题