请教GWD的一些题

lena110220

It is theoretically possible that bacteria developed on Mars early in its history and that some were carried to Earth by a meteorite.  However, strains of bacteria from different planets would probably have substantial differences in protein structure that would persist over time, and no two bacterial strains on Earth are different enough to have arisen on different planets.  So, even if bacteria did arrive on Earth from Mars, they must have died out.

The argument is most vulnerable to which of the following criticisms?

 

A.      It fails to establish whether bacteria actually developed on Mars.

B.      It fails to establish how likely it is that Martian bacteria were transported to Earth.

C.      It fails to consider whether there were means other than meteorites by which Martian bacteria could have been carried to Earth.

D.      It fails to consider whether all bacteria now on Earth could have arisen from transported Martian bacteria.

E.       It fails to consider whether there could have been strains of bacteria that originated on Earth and later died out.

我选C

The spacing of the four holes on a fragment of a bone flute excavated at a Neanderthal campsite is just what is required to play the third through sixth notes of the diatonic scale—the seven-note musical scale used in much of Western music since the Renaissance.  Musicologists therefore hypothesize that the diatonic musical scale was developed and used thousands of years before it was adopted by Western musicians.

Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the hypothesis?

 

A.      Bone flutes were probably the only musical instrument made by Neanderthals.

B.      No musical instrument that is known to have used a diatomic scale is of an earlier date than the flute found at the Neanderthal campsite.

C.      The flute was made from a cave-bear bone and the campsite at which the flute fragment was excavated was in a cave that also contained skeletal remains of cave bears.

D.      Flutes are the simplest wind instrument that can be constructed to allow playing a diatonic scale.

E.       The cave-bear leg bone used to make the Neanderthal flute would have been long enough to make a flute capable of playing a complete diatonic scale.

我选A

A company plans to develop a prototype weeding machine that uses cutting blades with optical sensors and microprocessors that distinguish weeds from crop plants by differences in shade of color.  The inventor of the machine claims that it will reduce labor costs by virtually eliminating the need for manual weeding.

Which of the following is a consideration in favor of the company’s implementing its plan to develop the prototype?

 

A.      There is a considerable degree of variation in shade of color between weeds of different species.

B.      The shade of color of some plants tends to change appreciably over the course of their growing season.

C.      When crops are weeded manually, overall size and leaf shape are taken into account in distinguishing crop plants from weeds.

D.      Selection and genetic manipulation allow plants of virtually any species to be economically bred to have a distinctive shade of color without altering their other characteristics.

E.       Farm laborers who are responsible for the manual weeding of crops carry out other agricultural duties at times in the growing season when extensive weeding is not necessary.

我选了A

Which of the following most logically completes the passage?

Garnet and RenCo each provide health care for their employees.  Garnet pays for both testing of its employees’ cholesterol levels and treatment of high cholesterol.  This policy saves Garnet money, since high cholesterol left untreated for many years leads to conditions that require very expensive treatment.  However, RenCo dose not have the same financial incentive to adopt such a policy, because ______.

A.      early treatment of high cholesterol dose not entirely eliminate the possibility of a stroke later in life

B.      the mass media regularly feature stories encouraging people to maintain diets that are low in cholesterol

C.      RenCo has significantly more employees than Garnet has

D.      RenCo’s employees are unlikely to have higher cholesterol levels than Garnet’s employees

E.       the average length of time an employee stays with RenCo is less than it is with Garnet

我选D

Newspaper editorial:

In an attempt to reduce the crime rate, the governor is getting tough on criminals and making prison conditions harsher.  Part of this effort has been to deny inmates the access they formerly had to college-level courses.  However, this action is clearly counter to the governor’s ultimate goal, since after being released form prison, inmates who had taken such courses committed far fewer crimes overall than other inmates.

Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

A.      Not being able to take college-level courses while in prison is unlikely to deter anyone from a crime that he or she might otherwise have committed.

B.      Former inmates are no more likely to commit crimes than are members of the general population.

C.      The group of inmates who chose to take college-level courses were not already less likely than other inmates to commit crimes after being released.

D.      Taking high school level courses in prison has less effect on an inmate’s subsequent behavior than taking college-level courses does.

E.       The governor’s ultimate goal actually is to gain popularity by convincing people that something effective is being done about crime.

我选A

Guidebook writer:  I have visited hotels throughout the country and have noticed that in those built before 1930 the quality of the original carpentry work is generally superior to that in hotels built afterward.  Clearly carpenters working on hotels before 1930 typically worked with more skill, care, and effort than carpenters who have worked on hotels built subsequently.

 

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the guidebook writer’s argument?

 

A.      The quality of original carpentry in hotels is generally far superior to the quality of original carpentry in other structures, such as houses and stores.

B.      Hotels built since 1930 can generally accommodate more guests than those built before 1930.

C.      The materials available to carpenters working before 1930 were not significantly different in quality from the materials available to carpenters working after 1930.

D.      The better the quality of original carpentry in a building, the less likely that building is to fall into disuse and be demolished.

E.       The average length of apprenticeship for carpenters has declined significantly since 1930.
                

我选B

When a new restaurant, Martin’s Cafe, opened in Riverville last year, many people predicted that business at the Wildflower Inn, Riverville’s only other restaurant, would suffer from the competition.  Surprisingly, however, in the year since Martin’s Cafe opened, the average number of meals per night served at the Wildflower Inn has increased significantly.

 

Which of the following, if true, most helps to explain the increase?

 

A.      Unlike the Wildflower Inn, Martin’s Cafe serves considerably more meals on weekends than it does on weekdays.

B.     
                            Most of the customers of Martin’s Cafe had never dined in Riverville before this restaurant opened, and on most days Martin’s Cafe attracts more customers than it can seat.

C.      The profit per meal is higher, on average, for meals served at Martin’s Cafe than for those served at the Wildflower Inn.

D.      The Wildflower Inn is not open on Sundays, and therefore Riverville residents who choose to dine out on that day must either eat at Martin’s Cafe or go to neighboring towns to eat.

E.       A significant proportion of the staff at Martin’s Cafe are people who formerly worked at the Wildflower Inn and were hired away by the owner of Martin’s Cafe.

我选C

Historian:  In the Drindian Empire, censuses were conducted annually to determine the population of each village.  Village census records for the last half of the 1600’s are remarkably complete.  This very completeness makes one point stand out; in five different years, villages overwhelmingly reported significant population declines.  Tellingly, each of those five years immediately followed an increase in a certain Drindian tax.  This tax, which was assessed on villages, was computed by the central government using the annual census figures.  Obviously, whenever the tax went up, villages had an especially powerful economic incentive to minimize the number of people they recorded; and concealing the size of a village’s population from government census takers would have been easy.  Therefore, it is reasonable to think that the reported declines did not happen.

 

In the historian’s argument, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?

 

A.      The first supplies a context for the historian’s argument; the second acknowledges a consideration that has been used to argue against the position the historian seeks to establish.

B.      The first presents evidence to support the position that the historian seeks to establish; the second acknowledges a consideration that has been used to argue against that position.

C.      The first provides a context for certain evidence that supports the position that the historian seeks to establish; the second is that position.

D.      The first is a position for which the historian argues; the second is an assumption that serves as the basis of that argument.

E.       The first is an assumption that the historian explicitly makes in arguing for a certain position; the second acknowledges a consideration that calls that assumption into question.

Scientists typically do their most creative work before the age of forty.  It is commonly thought that this happens because aging by itself brings about a loss of creative capacity.  However, studies show that a disproportionately large number of the scientists who produce highly creative work beyond the age of forty entered their field at an older age than is usual.  Since by the age of forty the large majority of scientists have been working in their field for at least fifteen years, the studies’ finding strongly suggests that the real reason why scientists over forty rarely produce highly creative work is not that they have simply aged but rather that they generally have spent too long in a given field.

 

In the argument given, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?

 

A.      The first is the position that the argument as a whole opposes; the second is an objection that has been raised against a position defended in the argument.

B.      The first is a claim that has been advanced in support of a position that the argument opposes; the second is a finding that has been used in support of that position.

C.      The first is an explanation that the argument challenges; the second is a finding that has been used in support of that explanation.

D.      The first is an explanation that the argument challenges; the second is a finding on which that challenge is based.

E.       The first is an explanation that the argument defends; the second is a finding that has been used to challenge that explanation.

我选E

GWD5-Q30:

Which of the following most logically completes the argument?

 

The irradiation of food kills bacteria and thus retards spoilage.  However, it also lowers the nutritional value of many foods.  For example, irradiation destroys a significant percentage of whatever vitamin B1 a food may contain.  Proponents of irradiation point out that irradiation is no worse in this respect than cooking.  However, this fact is either beside the point, since much irradiated food is eaten raw, or else misleading, since _______.

 

A.      many of the proponents of irradiation are food distributors who gain from food’s having a longer shelf life

B.      it is clear that killing bacteria that may be present on food is not the only effect that irradiation has

C.      cooking is usually the final step in preparing food for consumption, whereas irradiation serves to ensure a longer shelf life for perishable foods

D.      certain kinds of cooking are, in fact, even more destructive of vitamin B1 than carefully controlled irradiation is

E.      
                            for food that is both irradiated and cooked, the reduction of vitamin B1 associated with either process individually is compounded

我选C