求助OG紫皮一道CR

guimu730

    

不太明白这道题题意

特别是A与B选项的不选原因在哪？

请NN们告知

Which of the following, if true and known by the ranchers, would best help
explain the results of the study?

    

 
(A) With private grazing land, both the costs and the benefits of overuse
fall to the individual user.

    

(B) The cost in reduced land quality that is attributable to any
individual user is less easily measured with common land than it is with
private land.

    

(C) An individual who overuses common grazing land might be able to
achieve higher returns than other users can, with the result that he or she
would obtain a competitive advantage.

    

(D) If one user of common land overuses it even slightly, the other users
are likely to do so even more, with the consequence that the costs to each user
outweigh the benefits.

    

(E)There are more acres of grazing land held privately than there are held
in common.

guimu730

汗啊！没有人给回答下么？

gillfiese

I am not NN but I'd like to give it a try,

here's the problem statement,

    
Hardin argued that grazing land held in common (that is, open to any user) would always be used less carefully
than private grazing land. Each rancher would be tempted to overuse common land because the benefits would
accrue to the individual, while the costs of reduced land quality that results from overuse would be spread
among all users. But a study comparing 217 million acres of common grazing land with 433 million acres of
private grazing land showed that the common land was in better condition.

The predicted fact is that common land will be overused because costs will be shared, one can then overuse the common land to gain more than average of the benefit while paying the average cost. choice A simply restated the argument by saying that in private land, on the contrary, people gain and pay by their own usage. It doesn't help explain the paradox. In B, by saying that to measure exactly how much cost is attributable to one single user actually confirms the idea that single user CAN get more proportion of benefit out of it while paying just the average cost. To explain the paradox, you will need to come up with something leading to restricted usage of common land or negative effect of overusing common land.

The right answer D actually solves the problem. When one single user try to over use the land, others will use even more, a vicious cycle is therefore resulted, the cost averaged to each user then overcome the benefits so that no one can get extra benefit by overusing private land.

gillfiese

哦，另外，题意是说，Hardin认为人们会过度用common land因为一个人过度使用common land，他的收益会很多，但是需要支付的因为损毁带来的cost却是大家分摊，那么个人就有利可图了。结果统计发现和他预测的相反，问怎么解释。其问题就在于如果每个人都这么“聪明”，大家就都挂了，答案D大致就是这个意思