取反类比，一个典型逻辑题目

dawnguo

    

Q9:

    

Studies in
restaurants show that the tips left by customers who pay their bill in cash
tend to be larger when the bill is presented on a tray that bears a credit-card
logo.  Consumer psychologists hypothesize
that simply seeing a credit-card logo makes many credit-card holders willing to
spend more because it reminds them that their spending power exceeds the cash
they have immediately available.

    

 Which of
the following, if true, most strongly supports the psychologists’
interpretation of the studies?

    

 

    

1. The effect noted in the
        studies is not limited to patrons who have credit cards.
2. Patrons who are under financial pressure from their credit-card
        obligations tend to tip less when presented with a restaurant bill on a
        tray with credit-card logo than when the tray has no logo.
   

    

3. In virtually all of the cases
        in the studies, the patrons who paid bills in cash did not possess credit
        cards.
4. In general, restaurant patrons
        who pay their bills in cash leave larger tips than do those who pay by
        credit card.
5. The percentage of restaurant
        bills paid with given brand of credit card increases when that credit
        card’s logo is displayed on the tray with which the bill is prepared.

看到信用卡，花钱
支持选项：看到信用卡欠账，不花钱  （取相反向类比支持）

结论：信用卡影响心理和消费

再看一个


    

It is true of both men and
women that those who marry as young adults live longer than those who never
marry.  This dose not show that marriage
causes people to live longer, since, as compared with other people of the same
age, young adults who are about to get married have fewer of the unhealthy
habits that can cause a person to have a shorter life, most notably smoking and
immoderate drinking of alcohol.

    

 

    

Which of the following, if
true, most strengthens the argument above?

    

 

    

1. Marriage tends to cause people to engage less
        regularly in sports that involve risk of bodily harm.
2. A married person who has an unhealthy habit is
        more likely to give up that habit than a person with the same habit who is
        unmarried.
3. A person who smokes is much more likely than a
        nonsmoker to marry a person who smokes at the time of marriage, and the
        same is true for people who drink alcohol immoderately.
4. Among people who marry as young adults, most of
        those who give up an unhealthy habit after marriage do not resume the
        habit later in life.
5. Among people who as young adults neither drink
        alcohol immoderately nor smoke, those who never marry live as long as
        those who marry.

婚姻不增寿：结婚前一般健康
支持：同样健康的人，结婚不结婚一样寿命
结论：结婚不增寿

打豆豆

用过的资料可能不同,一起看下:

对于逻辑里的支持题,文章是因果结构的,正确选项常会是这样子:
  1,排除他因
  2,因果没有倒置
  3,资料或样本具有说服力,如研究前的初态一样
  4,有这原因就有这结果,或没这原因就不会有这样的结果

上面两题,你所说的"反类比"我是理解成第4类.