og11大总结

yichousun

og11-28

Beyond the immediate cash flow crisis that the museum faces, its survival depends on if it can broaden its membership and leave its cramped quarters for a site where it can store and exhibit its more than 12,000 artifacts.

(A)  if it can broaden its membership and leave

(B)   whether it can broaden its membership and leave

(C)  whether or not it has the capability to broaden its membership and can leave

(D)  its ability for broadening its membership and leaving

(E)   the ability for it to broaden its membership and leave

1. 词法：whether / if ; 一级排除 A
                

Choice A is faulty because it uses the unidiomatic construction depends on if; whether is required to connect depends on with the clause beginning it can....(whether引导名词从句，而且，讨论是否问题，因为if有两个意思, 所以不用if, if 专门用在: if you do A, I will do B.)

ability to do sth.
            不能用for一级排除
                D,E
                

Choices D and E use unidiomatic constructions where the phrase its ability to broaden is required.

而且capability是天生的能力, 与生巨来的能力
            

2.简洁：二级排除
                C
                

 whether or not / whether ;  has the capability to / can /

yichousun

og11-29

 Along with the drop in producer prices announced yesterday, the strong retail sales figures released today seem like it is indicative that the economy, although growing slowly, is not nearing a recession.

(A)  like it is indicative that

(B)   as if to indicate

(C)  to indicate that

(D)  indicative of

(E)   like an indication of

1.       词法：
                    一级排除A,B,E
                        

1.       词法：
            一级排除A,B,E
                

seem to …….the main verb seem is followed by an infinitive (to indicate), which is in turn followed by its direct object, a noun clause introduced by the relative pronoun that.

like 不能接从句;In A, seem is followed by like, a preposition improperly used to introduce a clause. !!!!介词like永远不能接从句!!!

like 不能接从句;In A, seem is followed by like, a preposition improperly used to introduce a clause. !!!!介词like永远不能接从句!!!

seem as if + 虚拟语气
            

2 宾语从句的 that 不能省略。
            

3.介词短语：二级排除D,E
                

  介词短语后面不能接从句
            

 Choices D and E, with of substituted for that, are likewise ungrammatical: of, a preposition, can introduce a phrase, but not a clause

yichousun

og11-30

An inventory equal to 90 days sales is as much as even the strongest businesses carry, and then only as a way to anticipate higher prices or ensure against shortages.

(A)  as much as even

(B)   so much as even

(C)  even so much as

(D)  even as much that

(E)   even so much that

1. 比较结构：一级排除 B C
                

   as … as / so… as 只能用在否定句；as … as  都可以。不能改成 as / so … that

2修饰：二级排除 C D E
                

even 的
            位置
                

In choices C, D, and E, even is misplaced so that it no longer clearly modifies the strongest businesses (修饰副词的位置要紧密和意思联系在一起)

 副词修饰的位置不能随便更改。
                Even /almost / first/only

As much as even the strongest….even修饰的是后面的东东, 同as much as 没有关系了,   甚至最N的商家都…

Even as much as the strongest…even修饰的是 as much as   甚至和最N的商家一样
            

Even, almost, first, only……等等都是修饰什么放在什么前面

yichousun

og11-31

Egyptians are credited as having pioneered embalming methods as long ago as 2650 B.C.

(A)  as having

(B)   with having

(C)  to have

(D)  as the ones who

(E)   for being the ones who

1习语：一级排除A,C,D,E
                

be credited with doing sth. / regard as… / believe to ….

credit 的用法。(OG 111, 226）
                

--V. credit sb./sth. with doing sth. 认为。。。具有/认为（某人）。。能够/把。。。归因于
                

--N. give credit to...for..doing相信，信任

yichousun

og11-32

The Commerce Department announced that the economy grew during the second quarter at a 7.5 percent annual rate, while inflation eased when it might have been expected for it to rise.

(A)  it might have been expected for it to rise

(B)   it might have been expected to rise

(C)  it might have been expected that it should rise

(D)  its rise might have been expected

(E)   there might have been an expectation it would rise

1简洁  一级排除E
                

Choice E is needlessly wordy, roundabout, and vague.

2词法  二级排除A,C,D
                

 X is expected to y / expected for it / expected that

x [is] expected to y is idiomatic usage: expected for it to in choice A and expected that it should in choice C are thus unidiomatic
                

动词本来就比名词表达的意思要清晰；
            

主从句中如果主语能尽量一致的话最好—这样也是为了清晰，而且也符合大并列的原则).

3代词太多代词造成歧义。
            

yichousun

og11-33

Although schistosomiasis is not often fatal, it is so debilitating that it has become an economic drain on many developing countries.

(A)  it is so debilitating that it has become an economic

(B)   it is of such debilitation, it has become an economical

(C)  so debilitating is it as to become an economic

(D)  such is its debilitation, it becomes an econom­ical

(E)   there is so much debilitation that it has become an economical

1并列一级排除B,C,D,E,
                

主从句大并列可以直接判断出答案来。
            

从主从句大并列的角度考虑：从句主系表，主句也应该主系表，而不用名词(什么东东并列, 酒用什么东东)

1，没见过so as to倒装（到底能不能有待检验）。
2，主要问题在于so as to的逻辑主语是谁不清楚。
千万注意：没有语法规则保证它的逻辑主语就是主句主语。所以，虽然从逻辑上说很容易想到它的主语就是主句主语，而且这样理解起来也非常自然，但在语法上是无法保证的，所以可能造成理解上的混乱。
            

从主从句大并列的角度考虑：从句主系表，主句也应该主系表，而不用名词
            

so as to 和so that 的另一重要区别是:so that 中包含了时态,在这种情况下,不能用so as to 代替

yichousun

og11-34

Efforts to equalize the funds available to school districts, a major goal of education reformers and many states in the 1970's, has not significantly reduced the gaps existing between the richest and poorest districts.

(A)  has not significantly reduced the gaps existing

(B)  has not been significant in reducing the gap that exists

(C)  has not made a significant reduction in the gap that exists

(D)  have not significantly reduced the gap that exists

(E)   have not been significant in a reduction of the gaps existing

1主谓一致一级排除 A,B.C
                

has does not agree with the plural subject of the sentence, Efforts
                    

2逻辑意思的准确  二级排除
                E
                

Choice E uses a similarly wordy expression that changes the meaning of the sentence, stating not that the efforts have significantly reduced the gap but that they failed to play a significant role in some already-existing reduction of several gaps.(逻辑意思表达的准确性)

3 that exists 和 existing的区别？？？

yichousun

og11-35

155. Federal authorities involved in the investigation have found the local witnesses are difficult to locate, reticent. and are suspicious of strangers.

(A)  the local witnesses are difficult to locate, reti­cent, and are

(B)   local witnesses to be difficult to locate, reticent, and are

(C)  that local witnesses are difficult to locate, reti­cent, and

(D)  local witnesses are difficult to locate and reti­cent, and they are

(E)   that local witnesses are difficult to locate and reticent, and they are

1平行   一级排除 A,B,D,E
                

This sentence requires parallelism in the three coordinate complements that form the direct object clause: local wit­nesses are (1) difficult..., (2) reticent, and (3) suspicious
                

2修饰  宾语从句that不能省略一级排除 B,D
                

reticent  adj.

Inclined to keep one's thoughts, feelings, and personal affairs to oneself.

 沉默寡言的倾向于保留某人的想法、感情及个人事务的
            

See: silent

Restrained or reserved in style.

 有节制的在风格上受限的或保留的
            

Reluctant; unwilling.

不愿的：勉强的

yichousun

og11-36

In 1527 King Henry VIII sought to have his marriage to Queen Catherine annulled so as to marry Anne Boleyn.

(A)  so as to marry

(B)   and so could be married to

(C)  to be married to

(D)  so that he could marry

(E)   in order that he would marry

1动词主语  一级排除A,B,C
                

A does not specify who is to marry Anne (歧义，弄不清楚到底谁和AB结婚，另外，可能真是主系表的时候用so __________ as to才比较好).

2 词法
            二级排除 E
                

could/would

Although E uses an appropriate conjunction, in order that, the verb form would marry is unidiomatic and illogical (might marry would be better,能，而不是将).

B把从属关系变成了并列关系，从属关系表达的是目的，而并列的话，就是be married 和sought并列，这样就出现了解释中造成意思不符合逻辑的情况—为了能什么和能什么的差距。
                B substitutes an illogical coordinate predicate for the needed purpose clause; because the annulment had not yet been granted. Henry could not remarry. （体会表达意思的差别：sought完了后并不能结婚，必须要等到批准后才可以）

yichousun

og11-37

In one of the bloodiest battles of the Civil War, fought at Sharpsburg, Maryland, on September 17, 1862, four times as many Americans were killed as would later be killed on the beaches of Normandy during D-Day.

(A)  Americans were killed as

(B)  Americans were killed than

(C)  Americans were killed than those who

(D)  more Americans were killed as there

(E)   more Americans were killed as those who

1比较词的准确性  一级排除 B,C,D,E
                

idiomatic form as many... as.

In B and C, as many ... than is unidiomatic, and in C and E, those who is a wordy intrusion.

In D and E, more is redundant because the phrase four times as many in the original sentence conveys the idea of more