GWD TT 10-23 原答案有误

howcoolya

    

Most pre-1990
literature on busi-

    

       nesses’
use of information technology

    

       (IT)—defined
as any form of computer-

    

Line       based information system—focused on

    

  (5)      spectacular IT successes and reflected

    

a general
optimism concerning IT’s poten-

    

tial as a
resource for creating competitive

    

advantage.  But toward the end of the

    

1980’s, some
economists spoke of a

    

 (10)      “productivity paradox”:  despite huge IT

    

investments,
most notably in the service

    

sectors,
productivity stagnated.  In the

    

retail industry,
for example, in which IT

    

had been widely
adopted during the

    

 (15)      1980’s, productivity (average output per

    

hour) rose at an
average annual rate of

    

1.1 percent
between 1973 and 1989, com-

    

pared with 2.4
percent in the preceding

    

25-year
period.  Proponents of IT argued

    

 (20)      that it takes both time and a critical
mass

    

       of
investment for IT to yield benefits, and

    

       some
suggested that growth figures for

    

the 1990’s proved these benefits were

    

finally being
realized.  They also argued

    

 (25)      that measures of productivity ignore
what

    

would have
happened without investments

    

in IT—productivity
gains might have been

    

even lower.  There were even claims that

    

IT had improved
the performance of the

    

 (30)      service sector significantly, although
mac-

    

roeconomic
measures of productivity did

    

not reflect the
improvement.

    

      But some observers questioned why,

    

       if
IT had conferred economic value, it did

    

 (35)      not produce direct competitive
advantages

    

for individual
firms.  Resource-based

    

theory offers an answer, asserting that,

    

in general, firms gain competitive advan-

    

tages by accumulating resources that are

    

 (40)      economically valuable, relatively
scarce,

    

and not easily
replicated.  According to

    

a recent study of retail firms, which con-

    

firmed that IT
has become pervasive

    

and relatively
easy to acquire, IT by

    

 (45)      itself appeared to have conferred little

    

advantage.  In fact, though little evidence

    

of any direct
effect was found, the fre-

    

quent negative
correlations between IT

    

and performance
suggested that IT had

    

 (50)      probably weakened some firms’ compet-

    

itive
positions.  However, firms’ human

    

resources, in
and of themselves, did

    

explain improved
performance, and

    

some firms
gained IT-related advan-

    

 (55)      tages by merging IT with complementary

    

resources,
particularly human resources.

    

The findings
support the notion, founded

    

in
resource-based theory, that competi-

    

tive advantages
do not arise from easily

    

 (60)      replicated resources, no matter how

    

impressive or
economically valuable

    

they may be, but
from complex, intan-

    

gible resources.

    

The passage suggests that proponents of
resource-based theory would be likely to explain IT’s inability to produce
direct competitive advantages for individual firms by pointing out that

    

1. IT is not a resource that is difficult to obtain
2. IT is not an economically valuable resource
3. IT is a complex, intangible resource
4. economic progress has resulted from IT only in the service
        sector
5. changes brought about by IT cannot be detected by macroeconomic
        measures

原答案选A，我觉得B。

A的obtain和“复制”之意有差距，所以不能成为改写，而B就是原文的直接改写。
所以我认为A基本属于错误答案。