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  Whenever a major political scandal erupts before an election and voters blame the scandal on all parties about equally, virtually all incumbents, from whatever party, seeking reelection are returned to office. However, when voters blame such a scandal on only one party, incumbents from that party are likely to be defeated by challengers from other parties. The proportion of incumbents who seek reelection is high and remarkably constant from election to election.

If the voters' reactions are guided by a principle, which one of the following principles would best account for the contrast in reactions described above?

正确答案: E

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那条死活不明白 的LSAT-4-1-21

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楼主
发表于 2003-11-25 15:48:00 | 只看该作者

那条死活不明白 的LSAT-4-1-21

21. whenever a major political scandal erupts before an election and voters blame the scandal on all parties about equally, virtually all incumbents, from whatever party, seeking reelection are returned to office. however, when voters blame such a scandal on only one party, incumbents from that party are likely to be defeated by challengers from other parties. the proportion of incumbents who seek reelection is high and remarkably constant from election to election.

if the voters' reactions are guided by a principle, which one of the following principles would best account for the contrast in reactions described above?

(a) whenever one incumbent is responsible for one major political scandal and another incumbent is responsible for another, the consequences for the two incumbents should be the same.

(b) when a major political scandal is blamed on incumbents from all parties, that judgment is more accurate than any judgment that incumbents from only on party are to blame.

(c) incumbents who are rightly blamed for a major political scandal should not seek reelection, but if they do, they should not be returned to office.

(d) major political scandals can practically always be blamed on incumbents, but whether those incumbents should be voted out of office depends on who their challengers are.

(e) when major political scandals are less the responsibility of individual incumbents than of the parties to which they belong, whatever party was responsible must be penalized when possible.

以下是别人的解释:

先看题目,问的是原文中的对比"contrast"遵循的是什么原则"principle".原文中可以确定(1)major scandal如果是牵涉所有政党的话,结果是:几乎所有的在职人员都会Seek reelection;(2) 同样的major scandal, (原文中用的such a scandal)牵涉一个政党的话,结果有两个,一个是所牵涉的政党中的在职者会被challengers of other parties 击败,另一个是所有政党中的在职者中的大部分都会去seek reelction.

在看答案的时候,就会很明确,对比的地方在于两者都有的地方,即: scandal 和 seek reelection,而不是紧存在于任何一个方面. A中,原文没有提到scandal 的不同,而是说同样的scandal, B中的accurate, C 中的rightly和D中的提到的challegers是紧存于第二个方面的,而且也不是contrast的地方,在看E,正好是原文中所比较的地方,其中的penalized指的是seek reelection.





[此贴子已经被作者于2003-11-25 15:58:45编辑过]
沙发
发表于 2003-11-25 23:08:00 | 只看该作者
我认为这里有歌地方解释错了的。
先看题目,问的是原文中的对比"contrast"遵循的是什么原则"principle".原文中可以确定(1)major scandal如果是牵涉所有政党的话,结果是:几乎所有的在职人员都会Seek reelection;(2) 同样的major scandal, (原文中用的such a scandal)牵涉一个政党的话
前面是对的。但是2的结果有一个就是是所牵涉的政党中的在职者会被challengers of other parties 击败。

然后文中说the proportion of incumbents who seek reelection is high and remarkably constant from election to election。这是实际上发生的。

这时候要你用问题中的principle去解释这个矛盾,实际上和理论上的。
板凳
发表于 2003-11-25 23:13:00 | 只看该作者
E的意思是说,当党派而非是个人对政治丑闻负责的时候,这个党派一定要收到惩罚。
地板
 楼主| 发表于 2003-11-25 23:36:00 | 只看该作者
我觉得E解释理论上的没问题,但实际发生的(the proportion of incumbents who seek reelection is high and remarkably constant from election to election。)不知道跟这个principle 有什么关系。
5#
发表于 2003-11-25 23:49:00 | 只看该作者
实际发生的和理论矛盾啊。
6#
发表于 2003-11-25 23:57:00 | 只看该作者
7#
发表于 2003-11-26 00:22:00 | 只看该作者
the proportion of incumbents who seek reelection is high and remarkably constant from election to election.
这句话到底是什么意思,是单单修饰major scandal牵涉的这个政党
还是说总的看来是这样的
因为我没有看到这句话仅仅是对那个收到谴责的政党进行修饰,所以我认为这句话只是对以上情况的一个总的概括,不管丑闻是否和哪个政党有关,总的再次参选率就是很高,而且很稳定

if the voters' reactions are guided by a principle, which one of the following principles would best account for the contrast in reactions described above?
这句话是什么意思啊,小鱼来看看



8#
发表于 2003-11-26 01:04:00 | 只看该作者
以下是引用番茄炒蛋在2003-11-26 0:22:00的发言:
the proportion of incumbents who seek reelection is high and remarkably constant from election to election.
这句话到底是什么意思,是单单修饰major scandal牵涉的这个政党
还是说总的看来是这样的
因为我没有看到这句话仅仅是对那个收到谴责的政党进行修饰,所以我认为这句话只是对以上情况的一个总的概括,不管丑闻是否和哪个政党有关,总的再次参选率就是很高,而且很稳定。

if the voters' reactions are guided by a principle, which one of the following principles would best account for the contrast in reactions described above?
这句话是什么意思啊,小鱼来看看

这句话的意思是说,如果选举人的选举是有理论引导的,那么下面那个理论可以最好地解释文章中提到的实际选举结果产生的矛盾。


9#
发表于 2003-11-26 01:05:00 | 只看该作者
有新的想法
觉得e说的只要政党是丑闻的主要负责人,那么就只要惩罚政党就好了,不要对个人有什么影像。那么就是我该去竞选的依旧会去竞选。
而个人总是想再被选上,所以不管被选上的概率有多大,他们总是会去竞选连任,所以这个比率很稳定,也很高。因为最后的 seek reelection 和to be defeated无关啊
10#
发表于 2003-11-26 01:25:00 | 只看该作者
这么说吧,1当人们把丑闻归咎于所有的政党的时候,候选人是不受影响的,所以在职者都被选上了。2当归咎于特定的某个党派的时候,候选人会落选。

而在职者竞选的比例很高而且很稳定。这应该是个fact。矛盾是问你1和2之间的矛盾。最后一句话只是排除了其他的可能性,比如在职候选人人数不多等因素。
我觉得大家在理解上有误,把最后一句话当成结果了。
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