gwd-21-8

nina_nn

  Seventeenth-century

       philosopher John Locke

       stated that as much as

Line       99 percent of the value of

  (5)      any useful product can be

attributed to “the effects of

labor.”  For Locke’s intellec-

tual heirs it was only a short

step to the “labor theory of

 (10)      value,” whose formulators

held that 100 percent of the

value of any product is gen-

erated by labor (the human

work needed to produce

 (15)      goods) and that therefore the

employer who appropriates

any part of the product’s

value as profit is practicing

theft.

 (20)            Although human effort is

       required to produce goods

       for the consumer market,

effort is also invested in

making capital goods (tools,

 (25)      machines, etc.), which are

used to facilitate the produc-

tion of consumer goods.  In

modern economies about

one-third of the total output of

 (30)      consumer goods is attribut-

able to the use of capital

goods.  Approximately two-

       thirds of the income derived

from this total output is paid

 (35)
                       out to workers as wages and

salaries, the remaining third

serving as compensation

to the owners of the capital

      goods.  Moreover, part

 (40)     of this remaining third is

received by workers who

are shareholders, pension

beneficiaries, and the like.

The labor theory of value

 (45)      systematically disregards

the productive contribution of

capital goods—a failing for

which Locke must bear part

of the blame.

 

Q8:

The author of the passage is primarily concerned with

             

1. criticizing Locke’s economic theories
2. discounting the contribution of labor in a modern economy
3. questioning the validity of the labor theory of value
4. arguing for a more equitable distribution of business profits
5. contending that employers are overcompensated for capital goods

答案是c，a怎么不好呢？

kathytc

同问，不过我选的C