两道OG逻辑，谢谢og-99,og-115

2000000006

原文故事：本来许多人认为烟草广告促使消费，然而在 N地，即便没有烟草广告烟草消费也不比有广告的地域少。

从上述事实可以推出：

(A) Tobacco advertising cannot be the only factor that affects the prevalence of smoking among teen-agers.
否命题：如果广告是消费的唯一决定因素，那么禁止广告的地方和不禁止的地方消费肯定不一样，这与上述N地的例子相背离，所以是可靠推论。

(B) Advertising does not play a role in causing teen-agers to start or continue smoking.
从N地案例来看广告可能有促进消费作用而没有减少消费作用，并不能得出广告对消费没有影响

看下面一道题：

104. Spending on research and development by United States businesses for 1984 showed an increase of about 8 percent over the 1983 level. This increase actually continued a downward trend evident since 1981 – when outlays for research and development increased 16.4 percent over 1980 spending. Clearly, the 25 percent tax credit enacted by Congress in 1981, which was intended to promote spending on research and development, did little or nothing to stimulate such spending.

The conclusion of the argument above cannot be true unless which of the following is true?

(D) In the absence of the 25% tax credit, business spending for research and development after 1981 would not have been substantially lower than it was. （没有这个tax credit情形下研发经费不会变得比实际发生的更低，即如果更低，只能说明tax credit有一点作用了）

seasnow

Thanks. I got it.

cw_chan

OG 99 )Which of the following is information provided by the passage above?

这种问法在RC中也出现，在如下的解题流程中的第三步没有任何方向感：1。读题干，2读文章，3。找出方向。4。读选项的前半部，尽快排除。

ETS 怎能如此折磨人?

gonghao

UP

haijung

對於99題的E選項該如何排除還是不懂，題目再貼一次如下，煩請牛牛們幫忙解惑:

Transnational cooperation among corporations is experiencing a model renaissance among United States firms,
even though projects undertaken by two or more corporations under a collaborative agreement are less
profitable than projects undertaken by a singly corporation . The advantage of transnational cooperation is that
such joint international projects may allow United States firms to win foreign contracts that they would not
otherwise be able to win.
99. Which of the following is information provided by the passage above?
(A) Transnational cooperation involves projects too big for a single corporation to handle.
(B) Transnational cooperation results in a pooling of resources leading to high-quality performance.
(C) Transnational cooperation has in the past been both more common and less common than it is now among
United States firms.
(D) Joint projects between United States and foreign corporation are not profitable enough to be worth
undertaking.
(E) Joint projects between United States and foreign corporations benefit only those who commission the
projects.

之前有前輩討論過是否是因為COMMISSION這個字，但是我覺得這個字沒有造成特別大的反擊力量阿，請各位牛牛幫幫忙囉～　感謝～

cw_chan

(E) Joint projects between United States and foreign corporations benefit only those who commission the
projects. 怎样理解公司之间commission the projects.

谢谢.

ppjelly

我对115的理解,呵呵.我之前也对B\E很迷惑,现在觉得似乎清楚了.唉,逻辑最差了崩溃.

原文:1)很多人认为广告对引起青少年开始或继续吸烟起关键性作用;
     2)挪威禁止了广告,可是吸烟在青少年中的流行程度与没有禁止广告的国家一样.
答案:B)错,因为B完全反驳原文1观点,这是从文中无法推出的呀!
     E)错,因为E纯属文章信息之外的推测,挪威吸烟依然流行就说明了过去吸烟的青少年没有停止么?如果非要推测,我也可以说过去吸烟的停止了,可是过去没吸烟的又开始了呀.
呵呵.所以B\E错,前面的一些前辈讲的一些观点我还没完全领悟,二遍时再来看

thing_12

不好意思，我想问一下，你用的OG是什么版本的，我的OG11黄皮，和你题对不上。

ppjelly

楼上的,我用的OG10 因为比较一下,OG11的题在10里面都有嘛,而且10前辈们讨论充分啊,所以就做10啦.

以下是引用thing_12在2008-4-11 22:52:00的发言：

不好意思，我想问一下，你用的OG是什么版本的，我的OG11黄皮，和你题对不上。

ppjelly

对前面几位前辈,包括NNlawyer提出的挪威/挪威以外有些质疑.可能是我错了,但是还是想跟大家探讨一下自己的想法.我觉得OG主要想解释的是prevelent=\=effect(cause/stop/continue smoke),而不是前辈们说的范围问题.大家觉得呢??OG10对B-E的解释如下"Since no information is given about what effect, if any,the Noregian ban on tobacco advertising had on teenage somking in Norway, none of choices B through E can be concluded, since each makes some claim about the effect of tobacco advertising, or of banning such advertising, on teenage smoking or on tobacco comsumption."

115. Many people argue that tobacco advertising plays a crucial role in causing teen-agers to start or continue
smoking. In Norway, however, where there has been a ban on tobacco advertising since 1975, smoking is at
least as prevalent among teen-agers as it is in countries that do not ban such advertising.
Which of the following statements draws the most reliable conclusion from the information above?
(A) Tobacco advertising cannot be the only factor that affects the prevalence of smoking among teen-agers.
(B) Advertising does not play a role in causing teen-agers to start or continue smoking.
(C) Banning tobacco advertising does not reduce the consumption of tobacco.
(D) More teen-agers smoke if they are not exposed to tobacco advertising than if they are.
(E) Most teen-agers who smoked in 1975 did not stop when the ban on tobacco advertising was implemented.

以下是引用advantage在2005-9-8 10:56:00的发言：

不能凭空外推,ban在挪威不起作用不一定在其它地方不起效用,这样看来BCDE就可以排除