两个逻辑题目，新东方的。请指教

jdxf

新东方SECTION16最后一道.

The recent upheaval in the office-equipment retail
   business, in which many small firms have gone out
   of business, has been attributed to the advent of
   office equipment “superstores” whose high sales
   volume keeps their prices low. This analysis is
   flawed, however, since even today the superstores
   control a very small share of the retail market.

   Which of the following, if true, would most weaken
   the argument that the analysis is flawed?
   (A) Most of the larger customers for office
       equipment purchase under contract directly
       from manufacturers and thus do not participate
       in the retail market.
   (B) The superstores’ heavy advertising of their low
       prices has forced prices down throughout the
       retail market for office supplies.
   (C) Some of the superstores that only recently
       opened have themselves gone out of business.
   (D) Most of the office equipment superstores are
       owned by large retailing chains that also own
       stores selling other types of goods.
   (E) The growing importance of computers in most
       offices has changed the kind of office
       equipment retailers must stock.

答案是B，我觉得是A

SECTION 15 第13
Biometric access-control systems—those using
  fingerprints, voiceprints, etc., to regulate admittance
  to restricted areas—work by degrees of similarity,
  not by identity. After all, even the same finger will
  rarely leave exactly identical prints. Such systems can
  be adjusted to minimize refusals of access to legiti-
  mate access-seekers. Such adjustments, however,
  increase the likelihood of admitting impostors.

  Which of the following conclusions is most strongly
  supported by the information above?
   (A) If a biometric access-control system were made
       to work by identity, it would not produce any
       correct admittance decisions.
   (B) If a biometric access-control system reliable
       prevents impostors from being admitted, it will
       sometimes turn away legitimate access-seekers.
   (C) Biometric access-control systems are appropriate
       only in situations in which admittance of
       impostors is less of a problem than is mistaken
       refusal of access.
   (D) Nonbiometric access-control systems—based,
       for example, on numerical codes—are less
       likely than biometric ones to admit impostors.
   (E) Anyone choosing an access-control system
       should base the choice solely on the ratio of
       false refusals to false admittances.
答案是B，我觉得是C

kathy72

第1题, 题目问的是反对后者,即支持前者.
前者: 办公室设备销售发生变化是因为superstore, 它们销量大,价格低
后者: superstore 的市场占有率低, 不足以影响办公室设备销售价格

B选项说明了, superstore 的低价广告促使全行业降价(无论其市场占有率如何者不影响这一结果)

littlegirl

Such systems can  be adjusted to minimize refusals of access to legiti-mate access-seekers.
这句说明目前SUCH SYSTEM CAN REFUSE THE ACCESS TO LEGITIMATE ACCESS-SEEKERS，正好和B一致
C没有什么道理啊

nickynicky

以下是引用jdxf在2003-10-9 22:10:00的发言：
新东方SECTION16最后一道.

  The recent upheaval in the office-equipment retail
    business, in which many small firms have gone out
    of business, has been attributed to the advent of
    office equipment “superstores” whose high sales
    volume keeps their prices low. This analysis is
    flawed, however, since even today the superstores
    control a very small share of the retail market.

    Which of the following, if true, would most weaken
    the argument that the analysis is flawed?
    (A) Most of the larger customers for office
        equipment purchase under contract directly
        from manufacturers and thus do not participate
        in the retail market.
    (B) The superstores’ heavy advertising of their low
        prices has forced prices down throughout the
        retail market for office supplies.
    (C) Some of the superstores that only recently
        opened have themselves gone out of business.
    (D) Most of the office equipment superstores are
        owned by large retailing chains that also own
        stores selling other types of goods.
    (E) The growing importance of computers in most
        offices has changed the kind of office
        equipment retailers must stock.

答案是B，我觉得是A

SECTION 15 第13
Biometric access-control systems—those using
   fingerprints, voiceprints, etc., to regulate admittance
   to restricted areas—work by degrees of similarity,
   not by identity. After all, even the same finger will
   rarely leave exactly identical prints. Such systems can
   be adjusted to minimize refusals of access to legiti-
   mate access-seekers. Such adjustments, however,
   increase the likelihood of admitting impostors.

   Which of the following conclusions is most strongly
   supported by the information above?
    (A) If a biometric access-control system were made
        to work by identity, it would not produce any
        correct admittance decisions.
    (B) If a biometric access-control system reliable
        prevents impostors from being admitted, it will
        sometimes turn away legitimate access-seekers.
    (C) Biometric access-control systems are appropriate
        only in situations in which admittance of
        impostors is less of a problem than is mistaken
        refusal of access.
    (D) Nonbiometric access-control systems—based,
        for example, on numerical codes—are less
        likely than biometric ones to admit impostors.
    (E) Anyone choosing an access-control system
        should base the choice solely on the ratio of
        false refusals to false admittances.
答案是B，我觉得是C

我也觉得是C
楼下一个弟兄说B对，我觉得想不通。。。。

jdxf

2楼的解释我明白了，
可3楼的，我还是不太同意。
题干说这个SYSTEM可能increase the likelihood of admitting impostors，如果要minimize refusals of access to legitmate access-seekers，那显然是二害相权取其轻了，就是C啊。
题干中看不出那么绝对的B啊

littlegirl

如果ajusted可以减少REFUSAL,不正暗示REFUSAL已经存在了吗？这才有sometimes turn away legitimate access-seekers.

jdxf

恩。了解
谢谢
不过偶还要再体会一番。

kathy72

第2题, 题目说该系统的是可调整的,给出的结论是三者之间的关系,当系统朝着宽松的方向调整时, 合法者增多, 不合法者也增多.

B 是从另一个方向进行了支持, 系统朝着严格的方向调整时, 合法者减少,不合法者也减少.

littlegirl

明白了，这个解释似乎更合理些

jdxf

不对吧。这不正犯了个逻辑错误吗
A退出B
B不能反推A啊？
说减少一种错误（拒绝合法者）会导致增加另外一种错误（把非合法者认为是合法者）
并不能退出，要减少后面的错误必然会增加前面的错误啊

[此贴子已经被作者于2003-10-10 16:45:19编辑过]