2006年8月队请进！欢迎大家来讨论

littledou

关于独立主格和同位语，请参考：

http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?BoardID=23&replyID=492961&id=56782&skin=0

trout

我也加入大部队吧，一直没有好好计划8月gmat了，混了不少时间。我的目标是上700，8月26(初步计划）考试。

目前白勇语法一遍，OG10两遍，今天是20号，计划把OG11过一遍。

我的email：troutcc2006(A) hotmail.com

大家一起努力！

[此贴子已经被作者于2006-6-20 5:30:43编辑过]

trout

请教一下怎样提高逻辑，我的逻辑实在很面

littledou

昨天看了allen0018的提问，觉得自己对同位语也没有系统的概念，今天早起，总结了这个。题中的例子大家可以搜索大全。我参考的是verbaladvance文件，所以没有把大全的题号放上，见谅。

同位语

 

Appositive, a word or group of words (set apart by commas) that modifies another word or group of words.

 

同位语的三种常见形式

• 用名词来补充说明前面提到的名词，比较漂亮的用法是用一个概括性的名词来说明前面的过程，方式等等。

同位结构是ETS的看家本领了.(主要因为GMAT里Which/It不能指前面一句话,所以ETS只好动不动就来个 ..., a fact that...)所以见了同位结构要仔细看,很可能对!

注意That在这里只是一个连词，只是起连接作用，不做成分。（这点注意和定语从句中的That区别）

 

Ms. Wright tries to get inside Iran to understand how it works, the role it has played in the Middle East and its intricate relationship with the United States, a task that is complex and depends heavily on an understanding of the Farsi lauguage.

 

Following the destruction of the space shuttle Challenger, investigators concluded that many key people employed by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and its contractors work an excessive amount of overtime, a practice that can, potentially, cause errors in judgment.

 

In large doses, analgesics that work in the brain as antagonists to certain chemicals have caused psychological disturbances in patients, an effect that may limit the potential of such analgesics for relieving severe pain.

 

• 主语，同位语，谓宾
                      

这种结构通常用来对主语进一部说明

Before the Civil War, Harriet Tubman, herself an escaped slave, returned again and again to Maryland to guide other slaves along the Underground Railroad to freedom.

 

The figure of the jaguar, a recurring symbol in Olmec art, is prominent among the hieroglyphics inscribed on a monument that was discovered in the Mexican stated of Veracruz.

 

注意一种变化是为了让主语和谓语尽量靠近，把同位语提前，变成了

同位语，主谓宾

A prolific architect who worked from the turn of the century until the late 1950’s, Julia Morgan designed nearly 800 buildings in California, perhaps most notably William Randolph Hearst’s monumental estate at San Simeon.

 

• 对一些抽象名词（hypothesis, theory, belief, fact)的解释
                  hypothesis that从句

注意选项常用Of结构来形容而不是解释该名词，容易混淆。

 

Gall’s hypothesis that different mental functions are localized in different parts of the brain is widely accepted today.

There is speculation that increasingly cold weather may have been responsible for the Anasazi move from Mesa Verde to sites in other canyons.

 

同位语比较难的考法：

1。因为有That，容易出平行的陷阱

   Corporations will soon be required to report to the government whether they have the necessary reserves to pay the pension benefits earned by their employees and that the information be published in annual reports to shareholders.

(A) earned by their employees and that the information be published

(B) that their employees earned and that the information be published

(C) that was earned by their employees with the information being published

(D) earned by their employees, information that must also be published（D）

(E) earned by their employees and published the information

 

information同位whether they have the necessary reserves to pay the pension benefits earned by their employees

 

2。用Of结构来形容而不是解释

 Gall’s hypothesis of there being different mental functions localized in different parts of the brain is widely accepted today.

(A) of there being different mental functions localized in different parts of the brain is widely accepted today

(B) of different mental functions that are localized in different parts of the brain is widely accepted today

(C) that different mental functions are localized in different parts of the brain is widely accepted today

(D) which is that there are different mental functions localized in different parts of the brain is widely accepted today（C）

(E) which is widely accepted today is that there are different mental functions localized in different parts of the brain

3。和n+分词形式的独立主格混淆

独立主格一般做状语，修饰整个句子，表伴随，原因等。如OG39

39.   For members of the seventeenth-century Ashanti nation in Africa, animal-hide shields with wooden frames were essential items of military equipment, a method to protect warriors against enemy arrows and spears.

(A) a method to protect

(B) as a method protecting

(C) protecting

(D) as a protection of（C）

(E) to protect

 

一些其他的考法没有太多时间去整理。大家先将就着看。

顾风

以下是引用trout在2006-6-20 5:24:00的发言：

我也加入大部队吧，一直没有好好计划8月gmat了，混了不少时间。我的目标是上700，8月26(初步计划）考试。

目前白勇语法一遍，OG10两遍，今天是20号，计划把OG11过一遍。

我的email：troutcc2006(A) hotmail.com

大家一起努力！

好的，已经更新，祝你考好。

顾风

以下是引用trout在2006-6-20 5:47:00的发言：

请教一下怎样提高逻辑，我的逻辑实在很面

逻辑如果觉得不行，是不是刚开始的时候仔细阅读og逻辑部分比较好

顾风

关于大全里的一个题，请问总结过的朋友们，不知大家是如何总结这题的？是时态，还是什么。类似题在gwd里也出现过

According to a study published by Dr. Myrna Weissman, only one percent of Americans born before 1905 had suffered major depression by the age of seventy-five; of those born since 1955, six percent had become depressed by age twenty-four.

(A) only one percent of Americans born before 1905 had suffered major depression by the age of seventy-five; of those born since 1955, six percent had become depressed by age twenty-four
(B) only one percent of Americans born before 1905 suffer major depression by the age of seventy-five; if they are born since 1955, six percent become depressed by age twenty-four
(C) of Americans born before 1905, only one percent of them have suffered major depression by age seventy-five, but six percent of those born since 1955 do by the age of twenty-four
(D) major depression is suffered by the age of seventy-five by only one percent of Americans born before 1905, and by age twenty-four by the six percent born since 1955
(E) Americans born before 1905 suffer major depression by the age of seventy-five only one percent of the time, but six percent of those born since 1955 did so by age twenty-four

allen0018

我觉的首先是时态，BEFORE  1905 这是过去的过去，SINCE 1955 为什么用过去完成时，没想明白，

B 中非常严重的错误是THEY ，这里应该用THOSE ，来指代AMERICAN ，用了THEY 后就相当于one percent of Americans born before 1905 在1955重新生了一次

(C) of Americans born before 1905, only one percent of them have suffered major depression by age seventy-five 我觉得前面的OF 结构多余了

DE 太混乱，我觉得还是抓住SINCE 要用完成时这点比较容易突破

littledou

以下是引用顾风在2006-6-20 9:26:00的发言：

关于大全里的一个题，请问总结过的朋友们，不知大家是如何总结这题的？是时态，还是什么。类似题在gwd里也出现过

According to a study published by Dr. Myrna Weissman, only one percent of Americans born before 1905 had suffered major depression by the age of seventy-five; of those born since 1955, six percent had become depressed by age twenty-four.

(A) only one percent of Americans born before 1905 had suffered major depression by the age of seventy-five; of those born since 1955, six percent had become depressed by age twenty-four
(B) only one percent of Americans born before 1905 suffer major depression by the age of seventy-five; if they are born since 1955, six percent become depressed by age twenty-four
(C) of Americans born before 1905, only one percent of them have suffered major depression by age seventy-five, but six percent of those born since 1955 do by the age of twenty-four
(D) major depression is suffered by the age of seventy-five by only one percent of Americans born before 1905, and by age twenty-four by the six percent born since 1955
(E) Americans born before 1905 suffer major depression by the age of seventy-five only one percent of the time, but six percent of those born since 1955 did so by age twenty-four

我觉得主要考时态吧。当然还有代词指代（They of B），助动词代替（Do in C）等。

littledou

以下是引用allen0018在2006-6-20 11:17:00的发言：

我觉的首先是时态，BEFORE  1905 这是过去的过去，SINCE 1955 为什么用过去完成时，没想明白，

因为Study published，所以引用的数据都发生在这个study published之前。