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*Australian researchers have discovered electroreceptors
sensory organs designed to respond to electrical fields)clustered at the tip of the spiny anteater's snout. Theresearchers made this discovery by exposing small areas of
5) the snout to extremely weak electrical fields and recordingthe transmission of resulting nervous activity to the brain.While it is true that tactile receptors, another kind ofsensory organ on the anteater's snout, can also respond toelectrical stimuli, such receptors do so only in response to
10) electrical field strengths about 1,000 times greater thanthose known to excite electroreceptors.Having discovered the electroreceptors, researchers arenow investigating how anteaters utilize such a sophisticatedsensory system. In one behavioral experiment, researchers
15) successfully trained an anteater to distinguish betweentwo troughs of water, one with a weak electrical fieldand the other with none. Such evidence is consistent withresearchers' hypothesis that anteaters use electroreceptorsto detect electrical signals given off by prey; however,
20) researchers as yet have been unable to detect electricalsignals emanating from termite mounds, where the favoritefood of anteaters live. Still, researchers have observedanteaters breaking into a nest of ants at an oblique angleand quickly locating nesting chambers. This ability quickly
25) to locate unseen prey suggests, according to the researchers,that the anteaters were using their electroreceptors tolocate the nesting chambers.
1. According to the passage, which of the following is acharacteristic that distinguishes electroreceptors fromtactile receptors?
(A) The manner in which electroreceptors respond toelectrical stimuli
(B) The tendency of electroreceptors to be found inclusters
(C) The unusual locations in which electroreceptors arefound in most species.
(D) The amount of electrical stimulation required toexcite electroreceptors
(E) The amount of nervous activity transmitted to thebrain by electroreceptors when they are excited
2. Which of the following can be inferred about theexperiment described in the first paragraph?
(A) Researchers had difficulty verifying the existence ofelectroreceptors in the anteater becauseelectroreceptors respond to such a narrow range ofelectrical field strengths.
(B) Researchers found that the level of nervous activityin the anteater's brain increased dramatically as thestrength of the electrical stimulus was increased.
(C) Researchers found that some areas of the anteater'ssnout were not sensitive to a weak electricalstimulus.
(D) Researchers found that the anteater's tactilereceptors were more easily excited by a strongelectrical stimulus than were the electro receptors..
(E) Researchers tested small areas of the anteater's snoutin order to ensure that only electroreceptors wereresponding to the stimulus.
3. The author of the passage most probably discusses thefunction of tactile receptors (lines 7-11) in order to
(A) eliminate and alternative explanation of anteaters'response to electrical stimuli
(B) highlight a type of sensory organ that has a functionidentical to that of electroreceptors
(C) point out a serious complication in the research onelectroreceptors in anteaters.
(D) suggest that tactile receptors assist electroreceptorsin the detection of electrical signals.
(E) introduce a factor that was not addressed in theresearch on electroreceptors in anteaters.
4. Which of the following can be inferred about anteatersfrom the behavioral experiment mentioned in thesecond paragraph?
(A) They are unable to distinguish between stimulidetected by their electroreceptors and stimulidetected by their tactile receptors.
(B) They are unable to distinguish between the electricalsignals emanating from termite mounds and thoseemanating from ant nests.
(C) They can be trained to recognize consistently thepresence of a particular stimulus.
(D) They react more readily to strong than to weakstimuli.
(E) They are more efficient at detecting stimuli in acontrolled environment than in a naturalenvironment.
5. The passage suggests that the researchers mentioned inthe second paragraph who observed anteaters break intoa nest of ants would most likely agree with which of thefollowing statements?
(A) The event they observed provides conclusiveevidence that anteaters use their electroreceptors tolocate unseen prey.
(B) The event they observed was atypical and may notreflect the usual hunting practices of anteaters.
(C) It is likely that the anteaters located the ants' nestingchambers without the assistance of electroreceptors.
(D) Anteaters possess a very simple sensory system foruse in locating prey.
(E) The speed with which the anteaters located theirprey is greater than what might be expected on thebasis of chance alone.
6. Which of the following, if true, would most strengthenthe hypothesis mentioned in lines 17-19?
(A) Researchers are able to train anteaters to break intoan underground chamber that is emitting a strongelectrical signal.
(B) Researchers are able to detect a weak electricalsignal emanating from the nesting chamber of an antcolony.
(C) Anteaters are observed taking increasingly longeramounts of time to locate the nesting chambers ofants.
(D) Anteaters are observed using various angles to breakinto nests of ants.
(E) Anteaters are observed using the same angle usedwith nests of ants to break into the nests of other typesof prey. | 
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发表于 2006-2-15 18:35:00
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