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看了各位大牛牛的讨论，我来总结一下。我的观点和上述所有人不一样，但是有继承关系。 论述比较长。大家耐心看。 Part 1
104. Nuclear fusion is the force that powers the Sun, the stars, and hydrogen bombs, merging the nuclei of atoms and not splitting them apart, as in nuclear reactors.
(A) merging the nuclei of atoms and not splitting them apart, as in nuclear reactors
(B) merging the nuclei of atoms instead of splitting them apart, like nuclear reactors
(C) merging the nuclei of atoms rather than splitting them apart, as nuclear reactors do
(D) and merges the nuclei of atoms but does not split them apart, as is done in unclear reactors
(E) and merges the nuclei of atoms, unlike atomic reactors that split them apart 首先，澄清关于歧义的问题。前面的诸位NN认为选项B和E中like/unlike结构紧跟在the nuclei of atoms后面，会让人产生the nuclei of atoms与reactor比较的歧义。我认我这种歧义是不存在的，因为从句子的意义角度讲，这两者是不可能相比较的。不能仅根据-like和unlike的比较结构就近修饰-原则来说他会引起两者比较的含义。（尽管like/unlike结构几乎在OG所有的题目中都是就近修饰的）必须结合状语结构比较对象意义类型上是否一致来说明是否引起歧义。
举例：OG 11th 134
Recently
implemented “shift-work equations” based on studies of the human sleep
cycle have reduced sickness, sleeping on the job, fatigue among shift workers, and have raised production efficiency in various industries.
(A) fatigue among shift workers, and have raised
(B) fatigue among shift workers, and raised
(C) and fatigue among shift workers while raising
(D) lowered fatigue among shift workers, and raised（C）
(E) and fatigue among shift workers was lowered while raising
正确答案C中的while raising结构前面有workers。只按照while结构就近修饰的原则来判断，那么C是不能选的，因为它会引起读者认为是workers在rising production effiency的歧义.那么为什么在这个时候ets就把C选择为正确的呢。因为ETS认为根据句义判断，读者可以排除它是用来修饰workers的可能性，将while raising effiency 的主语自动归为shift-work equations，与前面reduce构成对比结构。
结论， while结构也好，unlike结构也好，不能只根据它们的就近修饰的原则来判断，就说它会引起修饰上的歧义，必须再根据修饰对象意义来判断。只有在既结合了语法就近修饰原则以及比较对象的意义以后，才能判断是否有歧义。当两个原则都用了以后，依然无法分清比较对象后，才能说是歧义结构。
真正有歧义的句子，举例：（~_~也是一道争议无数的题目）
OG 11 103 The development of a new
jumbo rocket that is expected to carry the United States into its next
phase of space exploration will be able to deliver a heavier load of
instruments into orbit than the space shuttle and at a lower cost.
(A) The development of a new jumbo
rocket that is expected to carry the United States into its next phase
of space exploration will be able to deliver a heavier load of
instruments into orbit than the space shuttle and at a lower cost.
(B) The development of a new jumbo
rocket is expected to carry the United States into its next phase of
space exploration and be able to deliver a heavier load of instruments
into orbit at a lower cost than the space shuttle.
(C) The new development of a jumbo
rocket, which is expected to carry the United States into its next
phase of space exploration, will be able to deliver a heavier load of
instruments into orbit at a lower cost than the space shuttle.
(D) A newly developed jumbo rocket,
which is expected to carry the United States into its next phase of
space exploration, will be able to deliver a heavier load of
instruments into orbit than the space shuttle can, and at a lower cost.
(E) A newly developed jumbo rocket,
which is expected to carry the United States into its next phase of
space exploration, will be able to deliver a heavier load of
instruments into orbit than the space shuttle and to cost less. E选项当space shuttle后不补出can的时候，即使结合句义依然无法分清 A. rocket B. orbit C. space shuttle谁和谁比较。这种情况才是正真的歧义。
OK,以上论述都是为了得出这个结论，利用ETS的逻辑不能说明OG 11th 104中的like和unlike结构中的比较是有歧义的。So,利用有歧义原则排除B和E是站不住脚的。
在上述结论成立的情况下，我继续下面的论述。
Part 2
问题 Like reactor结构和unlike reactor结构到底修饰谁？
先来看B, 根据原句的意思like reactor用来修饰nuclear fusion违背句义的，因为两者原理不同，一个裂变，一个聚变。那么like reactor只能用来修饰动作splitting them apart, 但是我们知道like 结构强调名词之间的比较。在这里把动作和名字比较显然很奇怪，所以这样的比较按照OG 11th的说法(like) here the basis of comparison is unclear, and the usage is incorrect. (注意，这里的unclear和incorrect是指动作splitting和名词reactor, 而不是指nuclear fusion和reactor的比较,因为我在第一部分的论述，和上面关于这句话的解释已经说明按照ets的意义判断法，用了like以后就不会把这两者比较，而且也得不出nuclear fusion和reactor比较是unclear和inccorect-大N语ETS告诉你什么就是什么，不要做任何推断。）
再来看E, 根据我在答案B中讲到的原则，unlike reactor结构同样也不能和splitting这个动作比较。此外，结合句义他也是明确的指向Nuclear Fusion。
好了，问题来了。Nuclear Fusion究竟可不可以和Reactor比较？03一代大牛Sbbi和Gemj等人认为可以，并以此选择E作为本题答案。但是很多人认为不行，Nuclear Fusion和Reactor不同类不能比较。所以排除E。我的观点是不能不能排除Nuclear Fusion可以和Reactor相互比较的可能性。大家请再看OG 11th 的对于这个比较的解释，the comparison is awkwardly drawn. 这里没有提到unclear和incorrect，只说awkward, 那么它awkward在哪里呢？是指nuclear fusion和reactor的比较吗？
我们不能判断。我想到一种解释这里比较合理。在E中用了一个gmat中非常不常见的后置unlike结构的用法，把它比较的对象nuclear fusion和reactor分割的很远，尽管1.根据句义判断，reactor不会用来修饰nuclei of atoms 2.根据句义+like比较名词的用法，两者结合判断，like reactor也不会去修饰merging和splitting，只能用来修饰Nuclear Fusion，但是它们太遥远了。一般的like/unlike也好，都是紧贴主语，宾语修饰的。这里的awkward就是指like 结构和主语的距离太远。（关于是不是说Nuclear和Reactor之间不同类比较是awkward,我还是那句话，不能判断，不能作为依据否定答案E的根本。）
总结一下，到此为止，我否定了以前的NN们的以下两个逻辑：
1. Like结构在修饰上有歧义，所以要排除。我的观点：根据句义判断，没有歧义。有问题的是Like结构用来修饰动词，所以要排除。
2.Unlike结构在修饰上有歧义，所以排除。Unlike结构比较Nuclear Fusion和Reactor所以排除。我的观点: 根据句义判断，没有歧义。Unlike结构能否比较Nuclear Fusion和Reactor不得而知，不能作为排除E的理由。
提出了我的新观点（~—~结合NN们旧观点的新观点）
排除E的原因是Unlike结构和修饰语距离太长，太AWKWARD了。
Part 3
我们来看OG 11th 104正确答案C
Nuclear fusion is the force that powers the Sun, the stars, and hydrogen bombs, merging the nuclei of atoms rather than splitting them apart, as nuclear reactors do.
根据前面Patr1和Part2的论述，结合句子意思，as nuclear reactor do有可能用来修饰Nuclear Fusion或者是splitting这个动作。又根据as sth/sb do强调动作的特点，它一定是用来修饰splitting them apart的。（注意，as sth do结构不向like/unlike结构那样比较主语或宾语，不存在与主语距离过远的问题。）
所以C是完美答案。
Over,谢谢大家阅读。欢迎讨论。
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发表于 2008-3-5 08:58:00
