前大家对揽瓜阁精读的反馈很好，就想着自己的时间开始把一些精读的文章根据JJ出题目～ 然后focus上线，IR需求 大家也大。就想着 把揽瓜阁的阅读 逻辑 IR 都放在这贴里打卡
每日的解析在揽瓜阁2024群更新
RC题源：揽瓜阁精读的文章+机经的题目
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【现在你的笔记越全，越能帮助你捋清思路，之后回顾总结。】
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1.CR
答案：
ab
2.RC
What is the main focus of the passage? A. The economic impact of invasive species in North America. B. Strategies for managing invasive species in forest ecosystems. C. The disproportionate role of exotic insects as major pests in North America. D. A unified theory of invasion ecology and its implications for forest management. E. The historical and ecological factors influencing the invasion success of exotic species. According to Kim and McPheron (1993), what percentage of North American insect pests are of exotic origin? A. 2% B. 40% C. 50% D. 60% E. 80% Why does the passage mention the research by Haack and Mattson? A. To illustrate the effectiveness of current pest management strategies. B. To provide an example of successful invasive species adaptation. C. To highlight the increased propensity for outbreaks among alien sawflies. D. To contrast the impact of alien vs. native species on forest ecosystems. E. To question the accuracy of previous research on invasive species. Based on the passage, which of the following research findings would most likely contribute to the development of a comprehensive theory of invasion ecology? A. A study showing the economic benefits of certain invasive species. B. Research identifying specific climatic conditions that deter invasive species. C. An analysis revealing fundamental similarities in forest compositions between continents. D. A survey of invasive species that have become beneficial to their new ecosystems. E. An experiment demonstrating the role of human activity in facilitating species invasion. What underlying assumption is made in the argument that North America and Europe’s ecological similarities facilitate herbivore exchange? A. Invasive species are primarily transported by human activities. B. Ecological and faunal similarities are more critical than climatic conditions. C. European forest insects are inherently more adaptable than North American species. D. Historical and geological differences between continents are negligible. E. Management strategies in North America are inadequate to address the threat of invasive species. 答案： EBCCB
3.DI Chinese computer scientists at the Beijing Institute of Technology have been exploring the practical applications of solving NP-complete problems. Their research has focused on two well-known NP-complete problems: the Imperial Courier Problem (ICP) and the Emperor's Treasury Problem (ETP).
The ICP is a modern take on the classic Traveling Salesman Problem, where a courier in ancient China must deliver messages to every province's governor while traveling the shortest possible distance to return to the emperor in the Forbidden City. The objective is to find the most efficient route that connects all points without backtracking. While the ICP is NP-complete, the institute has developed heuristics that are believed to approximate the minimum distance within 2-3 percent.
The ETP is analogous to the Bounded Knapsack Problem, where the emperor's advisor must select the most valuable artifacts for a tribute to the emperor, constrained by the carrying capacity of the imperial caravan. The challenge is to maximize the "value" of the tribute within the weight limits set for the journey. The exact solution for the ETP is NP-complete. E-mails:
E-mail #1: From a Professor at the Beijing Institute of Technology to the Research Team Subject: Important: Advancements in Solving NP-Complete Problems and Cultural Significance Dear Team, I hope this message finds you well. As we delve deeper into our research on NP-complete problems, specifically the Imperial Courier Problem (ICP) and the Emperor's Treasury Problem (ETP), it's crucial to recognize the significance of our work beyond the realm of theoretical computer science. These problems, rooted in the rich tapestry of Chinese history, offer us unique insights into ancient logistical and treasury management practices.
Our efforts to develop efficient algorithms for these NP-complete problems could lead to groundbreaking advancements in modern logistics, optimization, and even financial planning. The ICP, inspired by the historical challenge of optimizing imperial courier routes, and the ETP, reflective of managing the emperor's treasury, are not just puzzles to solve—they are bridges to our past and tools for our future.
The cultural importance of these problems underscores the need for innovative thinking and collaboration. I encourage you to approach these challenges with creativity and a deep appreciation for their historical context.
Let's continue to work together towards solutions that honor our heritage while pushing the boundaries of what's possible in computational mathematics.
Best regards, [Your Name] Professor and Research Lead Beijing Institute of Technology E-mail #2: Research Assistant to the Professor Subject: Request for Clarification on Computational Resources and Funding
Dear Professor [Your Name],
Following our recent discussions on the ICP and ETP projects, I've been analyzing the computational demands of expanding our research scope, particularly in terms of increasing the number of provinces for the ICP and artifacts for the ETP.
Our preliminary estimates suggest that doubling the number of provinces in our ICP simulations could lead to a fivefold increase in the required calculations, posing significant challenges to our current computational capacity. Similarly, for the ETP, adding even a single artifact appears to double the computation time required, based on the exponential nature of the problem.
Given these considerations, I wanted to inquire if there are plans to secure additional funding for expanding our computational resources. Enhancing our capacity would not only allow us to tackle these complex problems more effectively but also accelerate our progress towards developing practical solutions.
I look forward to your guidance on this matter and any steps we might take to address these challenges.
Sincerely,
[Your Name] Research Assistant Beijing Institute of Technology E-mail #3: Professor to Research AssistantSubject: Response to Computational Resource Concerns and Funding Update Dear [Research Assistant's Name], Thank you for bringing your concerns regarding the computational demands of our projects to my attention. Your diligent analysis highlights a critical aspect of our research into the Imperial Courier Problem (ICP) and the Emperor's Treasury Problem (ETP), particularly as we aim to expand the scope of our investigations. I understand the challenges posed by the increasing complexity of these NP-complete problems, especially the exponential growth in computational time required for the ETP with each additional artifact and the significant increase in calculations for the ICP as we consider more provinces. Your insights are invaluable as we navigate these challenges. I have good news to share. After discussing our needs with the institute's administration and presenting our case, highlighting the potential breakthroughs our research could lead to and its cultural significance, we have secured additional funding specifically allocated for enhancing our computational resources. This funding will allow us to upgrade our computing infrastructure, providing us with the capacity to handle the increased computational demands of our projects more effectively. Furthermore, I am in talks with several technology partners who have expressed interest in supporting our research through the provision of advanced computing technologies and cloud-based resources. This collaboration could significantly reduce our computational time and open new avenues for our research. I will keep you updated on our progress with these partnerships and the deployment of our upgraded resources. In the meantime, please continue with your current work and prepare for an upcoming meeting where we will discuss our strategy for utilizing these new resources effectively. Your commitment to our research is greatly appreciated, and I am confident that together, we will overcome these challenges and make significant contributions to our field. Best regards, [Your Name]
Professor and Research Lead
Beijing Institute of Technology What is the estimated time to solve the ETP if the number of artifacts increases from 20 to 21?A) 2,048 hoursB) 1,024 hoursC) 512 hoursD) Cannot be determined from the data providedIf the ICP requires 5,000 calculations for 10 provinces, how many calculations would be needed for 80 provinces?A) 625,000 calculationsB) 25,000 calculationsC) 125,000 calculationsD) Cannot be determined from the data providedBased on the e-mails, what is the relationship between the number of provinces and the number of calculations required for the ICP?A) The number of calculations increases exponentially.B) The number of calculations increases fivefold with each doubling of provinces.C) The number of calculations increases by a constant multiplier.D) The relationship cannot be determined from the information provided.Considering the research assistant's concerns, which problem would likely require a greater increase in computational resources when expanded?A) ICP with an increase in provincesB) ETP with an increase in artifactsC) Both require the same increaseD) Cannot be determined from the information provided ETP问题的解决时间随每增加一个艺术品而翻倍。表格显示，解决含有20个艺术品的ETP问题需要1,024小时。因此，增加到21个艺术品，所需时间将翻倍到2,048小时。A) 2,048小时每当省份数量翻倍时，所需的计算次数会增加五倍。因此，对于20个省份需要25,000次计算，对于40个省份需要125,000次计算。按照这个模式，80个省份将需要625,000次计算。A) 625,000次计算每当省份数量翻倍时，所需的计算次数会增加五倍。这说明计算次数随省份数量增加而呈五倍增长，而不是指数增长。B) 每翻倍省份数量，计算次数增加五倍计算次数随着省份数量的翻倍以固定乘数（五倍）增长。而ETP问题作为一个NP完全问题，解决所需的时间以每增加一个项目而翻倍，这是一个指数时间增长。因此，当增加项目时，ETP问题将需要更显著的计算资源增加。正确答案： B) 增加艺术品的ETP
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发表于 2024-2-15 10:39:48
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