RC:
1 文章主要讲铁路对于美国商业和经济的发展
2 基于文章的内容找答案,定位到首段propelled the growth of cities like Atlanta.
New forms of transportation, 文中没有明确提任何transportation相关内容。
3 定位第二段,by the late 19th century
4 定位第三段,railroads were a major employment source, employing over two million works. 选项中direct对应文中后面 indirectly的就业影响。
5 铁路和企业行业不同,定位最后一句,the primary distinction was the lack of dominance by any single railroad, unlike the dominance of Ford and GM in the auto industry.
[Para 1] Railroads shaped business and increased growth
[Para 2] Railroads served as a good opportunity for IB + to face extensive regulations
[Para 3] Provided employment opportunities (there was no monopoly unlike the automobile industry)
CR: B(A) B(A)
Premise: Consumption of beef down by 30% despite the price in 2010 only 1/3 as compared to 2000
Conclusion: Price did not affect consumption
Weaken: Price DID affect consumption
X – for chick price down qty up (does not explain for beef)
Y – price of beef down but production cost unchanged non-inflation figures – with inflation total price up?
X – price not other factors
X – if income increased it should be relatively cheaper so should eat more?
X – taste is not relevant
Premise: Shortage of oil but there is an expensive alternative
Conclusion: This alternative helps to alleviate the oil shortage issues
Assumption: They can get the alternative resource
X – not directly talking about the oil issues
P – possible to use?
X – not talking about economic issues
X – not relevant to investments
X – more about impacts less about alleviating oil problems