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292. Jon Clark
P1 - JC's study contribute to a debate that encompasses two lively issues: Technological determinism and Social constructivism.
P2 - JC: Technology decides skills and work organization, and can determine social and managerial organization. => Technological determinism.
B: The shape of a technological system is subordinate to the mgr's desire. Technological change is the outcome of negotiations. => Social Constructivism.
P3 - The constructivists(SC) gain acceptance by misrepresenting TD.
SC: TD believe machinery imposes forms of order on society
SC believe technology exist outside society
P4 - JC refutes by both theoretical and empirecal arguments.
Theoreteically: Technology = relationships between social and technical variables.
Empirecally: shows how a change at the telephone exchange altered work tasks and organizations, etc.
JC answer the question: when is social choice decisive and when are the concrete characteristics of technology more important?
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