[揽瓜阁精读] 217.sharecropper

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217 sharecropper
框架：介绍S&T——说明产生大量S&T的原因——消亡的原因
P1: sharecropper的定义：（是付不起工资的付费劳动的替代品，种植地主的庄稼获得利润)
tenant的定义：卖自己种的庄稼，交给地主租赁地的费用。
地主给这两种农户工资的方式（如果没有剩余利润，就延续到下一次丰收季）

P2: 为了快速恢复经济，地主几乎万群依赖于他们的传统商品作物：棉花。农业没有得到多样化发展，到1879年，棉花种植达到顶峰。

P3:however——大量棉花的种植回报没有提高大多数密西西比河的人（原因：战后十年棉花价格下跌&生活成本上升）大量的负债使一些小的农户成为S&T。直到二战，棉花生产的机械化使得S&T无利可图，S&T 才逐渐消失


生词：deduction 扣除  desperate：adj. 拼命的；孤注一掷的；极需要的；极困难的；
cash crop 商品作物  postwar decade  战后十年  advance 预支

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217 sharecropper
P1: S and tenant farming were substitutes for paid labor where little cash was available. SC: raised part of the landlord’s crop and paid a share of profit after deduction（扣除，扣除额） for living cost and and tools and supplies cost. A TF sold what he raised and paid the landlord a share of the o=profits as rent. LL got profit first, if nothing left, SC&LL keep going until next harvest
P2: cotton
P3: cotton price declined through postwar decades and living cost increase. Mounting（增长的）debt forced many small farmers to become tenants or SC, and because seldom earn enough they cannot escape the SC&TF. Not until WW2 this system begin to disappear