[揽瓜阁逻辑小分队] day59

kirsiii

1.        自带杀虫天赋的种子之一（第一遍写错了）
Scientists have made genetic modifications to cotton to increase its resistance to insect pests. According to farmers' report, the amount of insecticide needed per acre to control insect pests was only slightly lower for those who tried the modified seed than for those who did not. Therefore, since the modified seed costs more than ordinary seed without producing yields of higher market value, switching to the modified seed would be unlikely to benefit most cotton farmers economically.
Which of the following would it be most useful to know in order to evaluate the argument?
A. Whether farmers who tried the modified cotton seed had ever tried growing other crops from genetically modified seed
B. Whether the insecticides typically used on ordinary cotton tend to be more expensive than insecticides typically used on other crops
C. Whether for most farmers who grow cotton it is their primary crop
D. Whether the farmers who have tried the modified seed planted as many acres of cotton, on average, as farmers using the ordinary seed did
E. Whether most of the farmers who tried the modified seed did so because they had previously had to use exceptionally large quantities of insecticide
P：转基因棉花可以减少杀虫剂使用。但是农民发现只减少了一点点，成本还高，但产量也不变
C：这个转基因棉花不能使得农民获益
B这转基因棉花用的杀虫剂是否更贵了。如果是的话只是加强了结论。不是的话有可能一样价格。但如果比普通的低，那有可能就是使得农民获益
D 是否两种棉花种植的亩数一样。如果不一样的话，可能会因为实验样本过少出现偏差，用量估计错误
怎么感觉BD都行….

2.        自带杀虫天赋的种子之二
Plant scientists have been able to genetically engineer vegetable seeds to produce crops that are highly resistant to insect damage. Although these seeds currently cost more than conventional seeds, their cost is likely to decline. Moreover, farmers planting them can use far less pesticide, and most consumers prefer vegetables grown with less pesticide, therefore, for crops for which these seeds can be developed, their use is likely to become the norm.
which of the following would be most useful to know in evaluating the argument above?
A. Whether plant scientists have developed insect-resistant seeds for every crop that is currently grown commercially
B. Whether farmers typically use agricultural pesticides in larger amounts than is necessary to prevent crop damage.
C. Whether plants grown from the new genetically engineered seeds can be kept completely free of insect damage.
D. Whether seeds genetically engineered to produce insect-resistant crops generate significantly lower per acre crop yields than do currently used seeds.
E. Whether most varieties of crops currently grown commercially have greater natural resistance to insect damage than did similar varieties in the past.
和上面那道题做对比很容易想到产出。要考虑的因素有：种子Cost、杀虫剂减少量、市场需求preference、产出

3.        火星人入侵地球啦！
1938年，某电台播送了一段蛊惑人心的节目引起了空前panic（恐慌）。当时世界经济处于大萧条时期而且政治上二战爆发在即。结论说电台节目使人们深信earth is invaded by Martian.
问：削弱
A.        说一些没有听广播的人也恐慌了
B.        电台节目是基于一本写于1895年的某fiction改编的。但是fiction本身在当年并没有引起恐慌。
C：电台节目让人觉得地球要被火星人入侵了
削弱
CR200做过
质疑因果关系。有他因，因为没有听过电台的也恐慌了。
B的话其实会加强。但是人们看书的时候可没有恐慌。但是现在恐慌了。为什么呢？可能是因为世界经济处于大萧条时期而且政治上二战爆发在即。我记得应该找和平年代看这个也恐慌

Ak777

同意！               

Shell_liang

看一下！               

Shell_liang

1. P：
每亩的杀虫剂量的控制得出--基因改良的种子需要的杀虫剂更少
重点在每亩！
C：改良的种子不能让大多数农民经济上获利

试验田的面积一样大吗？如果一样大，每亩才有参考价值，如果不一样大，就无法得出结论

A\B的其他crop是无关的，E是动机，无关，C和主要crop也无关

2. P：新的种子--cost更高--使用杀虫剂更少--消费者更加喜欢
C：这种种子的发展很可能成为常态。
决定利润的应该是产量、售价和成本。产量也是一个重要因素，所以D

3. 经济和政治的不确定性=>人们会相信地球被火星人入侵

削弱-- 及时在经济乐观的时期，人们也会相信，相关性不存在

WinnerWSW

Mark一下！               

xxxx44

1.P: 使用普通种子和杀虫剂的费用仅比用转基因种子低一点C: 用转基因种子并不能为大多数棉农带来经济效益提升
evaluate:  A 与其他corps无关 B 其他杀虫剂无关 C most farmers无关 D 对比两种种子 E 与杀虫剂剂量无关
2.  P: 种子价格虽高但在下降，且省了杀虫剂
C：种子用的越多就被用的越普遍
evaluate： A 与是否经济作物无关 B 与杀虫剂使用量无关 C 是否可以不用杀虫剂，凸显优势弥补价格劣势 D 产量问题，涉及经济效益，无关 E 与是否大多数种子类型无关
3. P: 火星人入侵地球的科幻小说正好遇上大萧条和二战
C：政治和经济上的冲突使人们心理上相信火星人入侵地球
削弱： A 电影就没小说那么真实，但还是恐慌了, 削弱 B　和平时期的重播也有类似效果, 加强 C 出版的时候没恐慌, 加强 D 有些人开始疑神疑鬼, 加强 E 不听广播的人没恐慌, some ppl少数不代表整体

WinnerWSW

1.自带杀虫天赋的种子之一
Scientists have made genetic modifications to cotton to increase its resistance to insect pests. According to farmers' report, the amount of insecticide needed per acre to control insect pests was only slightly lower for those who tried the modified seed than for those who did not. Therefore, since the modified seed costs more than ordinary seed without producing yields of higher market value, switching to the modified seed would be unlikely to benefit most cotton farmers economically.
Which of the following would it be most useful to know in order to evaluate the argument?
A.Whether farmers who tried the modified cotton seed had ever tried growing other crops from genetically modified seed
B.Whether the insecticides typically used on ordinary cotton tend to be more expensive than insecticides typically used on other crops
C.Whether for most farmers who grow cotton it is their primary crop
D.Whether the farmers who have tried the modified seed planted as many acres of cotton, on average, as farmers using the ordinary seed did
E.Whether most of the farmers who tried the modified seed did so because they had previously had to use exceptionally large quantities of insecticide答案：D
解析：
评价题
科学家们对棉花进行基因改造来增强其对害虫的抵抗能力。根据农民的报告，那些用了转基因种子的每亩地所需要的用于控制害虫的杀虫剂的量只比没用转基因种子的地少一点点。因此，由于转基因种子的花费要比普通种子高，却没有产生有更高市场价值的产量，所以转换到转基因种子将不太可能给农民带来经济上的好处。
A.尝试过转基因棉花的农民是否尝试过种植其他的转基因种子的作物？（无关，只讨论棉花，不管其他的。）
B.用于普通棉花上的杀虫剂是否比用于其他作物上的杀虫剂更贵？（无关，只讨论转基因和非转基因棉花，不管其他的。）
C.对于大部分农民来说种的棉花是否是他们的主要作物。（是或者不是对结论都无影响，就算不是主要作物，农民就不能考虑选择更经济的做法吗？）
D.使用了转基因种子的农民种棉花的亩数是否和使用普通种子的农民种的亩数一样多？（题干中给出了，从单位亩数来看，转基因作物只能比非转基因作物节省一点点成本，那么如果二者的总亩数相差不大的情况下，不论使用转基因种子还是非转基因种子都区别不大。但如果二者的总亩数相差很大的话，大亩数的农田还是使用转基因种子更划算。收入相同的情况下，可以减少成本，有利于提高利润。）
E.那些尝试了转基因种子的农民之所以这么做是不是因为他们曾经不得不使用大量的杀虫剂？（农民之前的期望，无论回答是还是否，都不能改变转基因种子带来不了多大收益的事实。）

2.自带杀虫天赋的种子之二
Plant scientists have been able to genetically engineer vegetable seeds to produce crops that are highly resistant to insect damage. Although these seeds currently cost more than conventional seeds, their cost is likely to decline. Moreover, farmers planting them can use far less pesticide, and most consumers prefer vegetables grown with less pesticide, therefore, for crops for which these seeds can be developed, their use is likely to become the norm.
which of the following would be most useful to know in evaluating the argument above?
A.Whether plant scientists have developed insect-resistant seeds for every crop that is currently grown commercially
B.Whether farmers typically use agricultural pesticides in larger amounts than is necessary to prevent crop damage.
C.Whether plants grown from the new genetically engineered seeds can be kept completely free of insect damage.
D.Whether seeds genetically engineered to produce insect-resistant crops generate significantly lower per acre crop yields than do currently used seeds.
E.Whether most varieties of crops currently grown commercially have greater natural resistance to insect damage than did similar varieties in the past.
答案：D
解析：
评价题
植物科学家已经能够使用基因工程的种子来生产高度抗虫的作物了。尽管这些种子现在的成本要高于传统的中级，但是其成本可能会下降。并且，种植转基因种子的农民可以使用更少的杀虫剂，并且大多数 消费者都更喜欢有较少杀虫剂的蔬菜，因此，用这些种子来培育作物，它们的用途很可能会变为常态。
A.植物科学家们是否研发出了现在被商业化种植的所有作物的抗虫种子？（无关，就算只有一种就不可以吗？就算只有一种不也能节约成本吗？）
B.农民们为了防止作物被损害所使用的农业杀虫剂的量是否超过了其必要量。
C.用新的转基因种子种出来的植物是否能够完全避免虫害。（就算不能完全避免，能避免一部分也是好的，毕竟也能节省一些杀虫剂成本。）
D.用抗虫转基因种子种出来的作物的每亩产量是否严重低于现在的种子。(如果是的话，就算是节约了一些杀虫剂成本，但是最重要的收入来源——作物产量大大减少了，那么农民肯定不用这种种子了。)
E.

3.        火星人入侵地球啦！
"The panic touched off by Orson Welles’s 1938 radio broadcast of the science-fiction classic War of the Worlds has often been the ascribed to the lingering anxieties of the Depression era and apprehension about the a second world war; political and economic unease supposedly made people psychologically prepared to believe that Earth had been invaded by Martians.
Which of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the attempt above to explain the panic of 1938?
(A) Film adaptations of War of the Worlds are generally regarded as less realistic than Welles’s radio version.
(B) Rebroadcasts of Welles's War of the Worlds during times of peace and economic optimism have on occasion resulted in similar panics.
(C) The 1898 publication of the novel on which the radiobroadcast of War of the Worlds was based resulted in no public disturbances.
(D) Even after the invasion depicted in the 1938 radio broadcast had been widely publicized as fictitious, some people maintained that they had seen the Martian invaders.
(E) Some people who had not listened to the 1938 radio broadcast were nonetheless caught up in the resulting panic."

无所思思

看一下！               

ziiyii

看一下！               

ziiyii

Scientists have made genetic modifications to cotton to increase its resistance to insect pests. According to farmers' report, the amount of insecticide needed per acre to control insect pests was only slightly lower for those who tried the modified seed than for those who did not. Therefore, since the modified seed costs more than ordinary seed without producing yields of higher market value, switching to the modified seed would be unlikely to benefit most cotton farmers economically.
Which of the following would it be most useful to know in order to evaluate the argument?
A.Whether farmers who tried the modified cotton seed had ever tried growing other crops from genetically modified seed
B.Whether the insecticides typically used on ordinary cotton tend to be more expensive than insecticides typically used on other crops
C.Whether for most farmers who grow cotton it is their primary crop
D.Whether the farmers who have tried the modified seed planted as many acres of cotton, on average, as farmers using the ordinary seed did
E.Whether most of the farmers who tried the modified seed did so because they had previously had to use exceptionally large quantities of insecticide

答案：B

2.        自带杀虫天赋的种子之二
Plant scientists have been able to genetically engineer vegetable seeds to produce crops that are highly resistant to insect damage. Although these seeds currently cost more than conventional seeds, their cost is likely to decline. Moreover, farmers planting them can use far less pesticide, and most consumers prefer vegetables grown with less pesticide, therefore, for crops for which these seeds can be developed, their use is likely to become the norm.
which of the following would be most useful to know in evaluating the argument above?
A.Whether plant scientists have developed insect-resistant seeds for every crop that is currently grown commercially
B.Whether farmers typically use agricultural pesticides in larger amounts than is necessary to prevent crop damage.
C.Whether plants grown from the new genetically engineered seeds can be kept completely free of insect damage.
D.Whether seeds genetically engineered to produce insect-resistant crops generate significantly lower per acre crop yields than do currently used seeds.
E.Whether most varieties of crops currently grown commercially have greater natural resistance to insect damage than did similar varieties in the past.

答案：D

.        火星人入侵地球啦！
"The panic touched off by Orson Welles’s 1938 radio broadcast of the science-fiction classic War of the Worlds has often been the ascribed to the lingering anxieties of the Depression era and apprehension about the a second world war; political and economic unease supposedly made people psychologically prepared to believe that Earth had been invaded by Martians.
Which of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the attempt above to explain the panic of 1938?
(A) Film adaptations of War of the Worlds are generally regarded as less realistic than Welles’s radio version.
(B) Rebroadcasts of Welles's War of the Worlds during times of peace and economic optimism have on occasion resulted in similar panics.
(C) The 1898 publication of the novel on which the radiobroadcast of War of the Worlds was based resulted in no public disturbances.
(D) Even after the invasion depicted in the 1938 radio broadcast had been widely publicized as fictitious, some people maintained that they had seen the Martian invaders.
(E) Some people who had not listened to the 1938 radio broadcast were nonetheless caught up in the resulting panic."

答案：B