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18世纪北美殖民地工匠得不到尊重。社会精英看不起工匠,但在之后反对英国统治的时候这些工匠”mere mechanics”发挥作用。在反抗英国统治中,由工匠组成的组织assumed leadership positions. 1780s之后,’mechanic’不再被认为是一种诽谤的说法(it became increasingly difficult to use term ‘mechanic’ as a slur).
虽然artisan得到了新的political role, the changes in modes of production began to undermine their economic position. Unskilled and inexperienced workers和machinery增多。1850年工匠的比例大幅度减少。
Rebellion
Slur
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