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The central controversy surrounding human stem cell research is the source of the cells. The debate primarily arises from differences in deeply held religious and philosophic views.
For most who believe that the embryo is a human being from the moment of fertilization, the derivation of stem cells from either very early or preimplantation embryos created by IVF or from the tissues of aborted fetuses is ethically unacceptable. From this viewpoint, even though the current administration's decision on stem cell research does not support activities which directly destroy embryos, support of research on components of the embryo is deeply disturbing.
Supporters of this view argue that the possible benefits of stem cell research cannot and should not justify the actions necessary to obtain the cells. Opponents of stem cell research propose that research on adult stem cells, which they claim could provide similar therapeutic benefits without the need for embryonic or fetal cells, be supported instead. Not all scientists agree, however, that adult stem cells hold as much potential as embryonic stem cells.
Those who support embryonic stem cell research believe that pre-implantation embryos do not have the same moral and legal status as persons. They acknowledge that embryos are genetically human, but hold that they do not have the same moral relevance because they lack specific capacities, including consciousness, reasoning and sentience. Supporters argue that the potential human health and scientific benefits the research holds should be an ethical argument for its support. Patient groups have also asserted that, because of the potential of human stem cells for the treatment of disease, it is immoral to discourage such research because it could save many lives.
In addition, supporters believe that the oversight which would come with federal grant support would result in better and more ethically controlled research in the field than if funding was from private sources alone. Supporters also argue that the efforts of both federally supported and privately supported researchers are necessary to keep the United States at the forefront of what they believe is a very important, cutting edge area of science.
1. The author implies that some supporters of embryonic stem cell research would agree with all of the following EXCEPT:
(A) genetically there is no difference between an embryo and an adult human-being
(B) preventing research that may help treat human diseases is immoral
(C) the potential benefits of embryonic stem cell research represent an ethical good
(D) adult stem cell research is less productive due to the constraints imposed by federal funding
(E) work with embryonic stem cells is an important area of research that holds tremendous potential
2. For what purpose does the author mention the opposing view of some scientists in the last sentence of the third paragraph?
(A) to underscore the fact that the alternative proposed by some opponents of embryonic stem cell research is itself a contentious issue
(B) to offer scientific proof that adult stem cell research is an equally acceptable area of research
(C) to explain a possible profit motive behind the scientific community's decision to support embryonic stem cell research
(D) to contradict the research methods used in determining the utility of adult stem cells
(E) to supply the opinion of a recognized authority in the area of fetal stem cells
3. The author implies which of the following about most opponents of embryonic stem cell research?
(A) They argue that the potential scientific benefits of the research are unethical.
(B) They are opposed to federally funded harvests of stem cells from very early embryos.
(C) They believe that human souls have a significant moral relevance.
(D) They lack specific adult capacities like ethical reasoning.
(E) They do not believe that embryonic stem cell research may lead to the cure of some human diseases.
4. The primary purpose of the passage is to
(A) challenge the validity of the viewpoints of opponents of stem cell research
(B) present two explanations of a philosophic phenomenon and discuss the differences between them
(C) summarize opposing stances with regard to a political issue
(D) describe an alternative to a divisive issue and provide evidence and arguments that support the alternative
(E) acknowledge the role of federal grants in scientific research and discovery
参考答案： DABC
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发表于 2021-9-7 08:18:29
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