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[阅读小分队] 揽瓜阁阅读做题小分队 第118天 纳米技术

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发表于 2021-7-26 06:30:23 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式

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Nanotechnology -- the use of structures that have unusual properties because of their atomically tiny size – is already in use in more than 300 consumer products, from computers to cosmetics, but like atomic power itself, this new technology holds great promise as well as alarming possibilities. Determining the safety level of products that utilize nanotechnology is the daunting task of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). One reason that regulating nanotech products is so challenging is that nanoparticles, though they consist of the same chemicals as traditional products, have physical structures that give them very different properties, and they can enter the body by means other than those used by other small particles.

The actual method by which nanoparticles are created is relevant as well. For example, carbon can be used to create fullerenes, but there is more than one way to manufacture these nanoparticles, and each way leads to a fullerene with different characteristics. \ Because of this, some research has identified fullerenes as anti-oxidants, which are useful for treating cells by neutralizing free radicals, while other research shows fullerenes to be oxidants, which can damage cell membranes. Similarly, nanoparticles show great potential in cleaning up environmental contaminants, but these particles themselves might become nearly intractable long-term pollutants.

Some recent research has been truly alarming. Carbon nanotubes placed directly into the lungs of mice stimulated an immune response that left scar tissue. A similar experiment with a single-walled carbon nanotube soot mixture caused granulomas and lesions in the rats’ lungs, and proved fatal for 15% of the rats. (It should be noted that these experiments involved instilling the nanomaterials into the lungs; more experiments are needed involving inhalation.) Another consideration is that when studying the effects of nanomaterials, more than with typical chemicals, it is not enough to study a nanoparticle in a vacuum; all physical and chemical characteristics have to be microanalyzed by studying a material’s reactivity, solubility, and biological persistence under real world conditions.

Because the costs and benefits of nanotech research are so high, international cooperation among governments and businesses is essential to success. Currently, the U.S. is underfunding research in this field, and this could have calamitous results. The Toxic Substances Control Act is insufficient for covering many of the dangers unique to nanotech materials. Furthermore, not all nations have even created a set of regulations for nanotechnology, also a serious mistake. A product that reaches the market before it has been thoroughly understood could prove harmful to individual users and whole populations that have had only minimal exposure. This could so turn public opinion against nanotechnology that its tantalizing benefits would be indefinitely postponed.


1) Which of the following can be inferred from the passage regarding recent research on nanoparticles?
A) It has been done mostly in a vacuum without consideration for what happens under real world conditions.
B) Further experiments are required to adequately judge particular risks that have been identified.
C) It has been too narrowly focused on older nanoparticles, rather than the newer nanoparticles that will be used in the future.
D) It has created a generally negative sentiment in the general public regarding nanoparticles.
E) It has shown that carbon nanotubes are particularly dangerous in comparison to other types of nanoparticles.


2) Which of the following can be properly inferred from the passage?
A) A majority of nations lack the adequate regulations for making nanotechnology safe.
B) Nanotechnology should be banned in the U.S. unless it can be properly regulated by the EPA.
C) Successful research in nanotechnology depends on cooperation among governments and businesses.
D) The way nanoparticles are formed is the most important element in determining its safety.
E) The potential benefits of nanotechnology outweigh the potential risks.


3) According to the passage, which of the following contributes to the complexity of regulating nanomaterials?
A) The EPA does not have the proper funding with which to create these materials.
B) More than one method can be used to create a nanoparticle.
C) Nations have conflicting standards concerning the safety of nanotech products.
D) Public opinion is currently divided regarding the desirability of products made with nanomaterials.
E) Products that contain nanomaterials are already being used by individuals and businesses.

参考答案:
BCB


发表于 2021-7-26 09:56:06 | 显示全部楼层
ABB
发表于 2021-7-26 11:51:48 发自 iPhone | 显示全部楼层
mark
发表于 2021-7-26 13:52:38 | 显示全部楼层
1讲纳米科技被广泛运用,有好处也有危险,讲了一个纳米particle是难规范原因
2nanoparticles因为多变性/多样性可能对环境污染有好处也有可能自身变成长期污染
3举了最近一个实验好像不太好,负面的,还说了其实在实验室研究很局限,在真实世界中更复杂,要分析的更多
4讲了针对纳米技术的研究局限性很大比较贵,很多法律也管不到他,在没有彻底了解它就开始被运用了,感觉作者对它态度比较负面
aab
发表于 2021-7-26 16:17:28 | 显示全部楼层
看一下!               
发表于 2021-7-26 16:42:40 | 显示全部楼层
纳米技术应用及管控法规的局限
管控难的关联原因包括:生产方法多,都产生不同副产品
纳米技术最新的研究及其效果评估
民间研究是主力- 管控很重要
acb
发表于 2021-7-26 22:21:15 | 显示全部楼层
B C E
发表于 2021-7-26 22:32:17 | 显示全部楼层
AEB
发表于 2021-7-27 00:13:08 | 显示全部楼层
BDB
发表于 2021-7-27 00:28:16 | 显示全部楼层
Mark一下!               
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