【揽瓜阁4.0】AJU 打卡帖

AJU

【揽瓜阁4.0】AJU 打卡帖

AJU

Reading1.   2’25 + 8’03 = 10’28
中心大意：拼多多员工猝死事件及官方回应波澜
段落大意：
拼多多一位员工的不幸猝死事件引出拼多多的虐待员工的996企业文化背景
虽然拼多多股价一直在涨，员工的工资也高于其他公司，依然引起人们的争议甚至抵制
官方在社交媒体的不当言论引起舆论不满，后表达遗憾但不被大众接受
句子摘抄：
Pinduoduo in particular is known for its gruelling schedules and a secretive culture, with several current and former employees telling the Financial Times that a working week at the company could stretch even longer than the “996” norm.
生词：
netizen网民  errant不定的，周游的，错误的

Reading2.   5’27 + 18’33 = 24’00
中心大意：关于美国贫富差距的研究
段落大意：
CA提出贫富差距并不是因为不平等造成而是机会占据更大因素（数据例子支撑论点）
BC反驳该观点，认为其是误导性结论，因为忽略了某一时间点vs长期追踪某一群体的差异
GC举例加强BC观点
MB、JH提出新观点反驳CA，流动性在一定程度上抵消了不平等带来的影响
句子摘抄：
1Most Americans struggling to make ends meet are on the fast track to affluence.
2Indeed, after a ringing endorsement from the editorial page of The Wall Street Journal, it has become required reading for conservatives impatient with the current hand-wringing over the alleged plight of the young and immobile.
3Poverty in the 1975 snapshot was apparently no impediment to future economic success.
生词：
ringing endorsement强烈支持  alleged plight所谓的困境   prorate按比例分配

AJU

1.19
Reading1.   7’31 +30’05 = 37’36
中心大意：由莫奈葬礼引出的关于颜色的艺术领域的讨论
段落大意：
由莫奈葬礼上黑色幕布被换成丰富色调引出对于各种颜色在不同学科文化领域、时期的认知（尤其讨论黑色认为黑色无意义不是一种颜色）
与传统、科学领域认知不同，PB、希腊神话、EM认为黑色也是一种颜色并有相应的意义
PP、MV、文艺复兴时期艺术家对于黑色意义的再探索与延伸
句子摘抄：
Imagine walking into a room where you literally have no sense of the walls—where the walls are or that there are any walls at all. It’s not an empty dark room, but a space full of darkness.
生词：plumb垂直、探测、探索   vexed生气的、烦恼的、恼怒的   connotation内涵
eroticism情色   co-opted团结、指派、借鉴   pantheon众神   conjure变魔术、召唤、使想起、恳求、想象   enliven使活泼、使生动   banish放逐、消除   refuge避难   
contour轮廓、等高线、电路   


Reading2.   2’57 + 10’02 = 12’59
中心大意：女权 英美法系vs大陆法系
段落大意：
Law对殖民期女性的影响深重，引出英美法系vs大陆法系下对女性各方面区别
与更加父权思想植驻的西班牙文化（大陆法系）相违背，大陆法系反而更保护女性财产权
举例New Mexico
大陆法系正在被英美法系取代，举例NY：寡妇对于财产的支配权
句子摘抄：
This may not seem to fit the common perception of Spanish law and culture as being particularly patriarchal; it may seem contrary to the assumption that Spanish men expected to exert authority over wives and continued to control children until marriage.
生词：
scornful蔑视的  

AJU

1.20
Reading1.   5’53 +17’25 = 23’18
中心大意：量子计算的发展
段落大意：
人们逐渐发现量子计算在商业方面的用途
量子领域进展分析：a.不确定的快速商业回报    b.公司：投资者对于市场的判断&政府：公共前景
人们不该只专注于量子在可获得回报的领域，其发展依赖其他获利不多的学科领域
句子摘抄：
1Their facility with optimisation problems, which are likewise a struggle for non-quantum machines, could be a boon for logistics, finance and artificial intelligence.
2the biggest risks are taken earlier, when it is unclear whether a technology will work at all.
3The trick for such super-early-stage investors is to know when to stick with a risky prospect and when to call it quits. Good venture capitalists are ruthless about culling underperforming bets and focusing on those that seem to be paying off.
生词：
quantum mechanical量子力学   blunt使迟钝，不锋利的，直率的   boon恩惠、利益、愉快的、慷慨的   frenzy狂怒   abstruse深奥的、难懂的   outlook展望、观点、景色
glamorous迷人的


Reading2.   4’12 + 15’21 = 19’33
中心大意：下一个可能出现的小冰河期及其成因分析
段落大意：
虽然全球变暖，但是这恰恰是下个小冰河期可能出现的罪魁祸首
解释paradox：淡水流的混入，密度不够无法沉底，危害热盐循环
句子摘抄：
Normally, the Gulf Stream, laden with heat soaked up in the tropics, meanders up the east coasts of the United States and Canada.
生词：
culprit犯人、罪魁祸首   subvert颠覆、推翻、破坏   oceanographer海洋学家    thermohaline circulation热盐环流   torrent奔流、倾注、迸发

AJU

1.21
Reading1.   6’25 + 11’02 = 17’27
中心大意：关于代孕的争论
段落大意：
bkgrd：解释代孕过程，引出关于代孕的争论：利他vs剥削代孕母亲人权
法律颁布改革，旨在保护代孕母亲权利
但仍不可避免代孕母亲与受赠父母的权利失衡
内在风险：a生理b社会
两方面的意见都需要被听见
句子摘抄：
1As well as hearing moving stories from intended parents about how surrogacy enabled them to overcome biological or social infertility to realise their dreams of becoming parents, we also need to hear from a range of surrogate mothers.
2As these scenarios suggest, the surrogate mother’s rights to dignity and bodily autonomy may be subtly undermined by the known wishes or momentary reactions of the intended parents.
生词：surrogacy代孕   altruism利他主义   intrapartum分娩期的


Reading2.   3’56 + 12’53 = 16’47
中心大意：西班牙水权
段落大意：
描述了在加州的华丽西班牙建筑引出19世纪末水权基础based on西班牙法律
尽管美国法官意识到公共用水共享的历史现实，但他们认为起源于西班牙时期的市政和河岸用水权是绝对的和排他的
反驳：其观点无历史依据，反对西班牙水权绝对排他，举例公共供水系统
错误判断归因：西班牙语没学好，扭曲歪解了意思
句子摘抄：
In contrast to the common law water regime of riparian and prior appropriation rights emphasizing individual property interests, a communal water system prevailed in the Hispanic Southwest.
生词：
promotional pamphlet宣传小册子   adobe黏土，土砖建筑   ostensibly表面上，外表上
riparian河边的   stare decisis遵循先例   

AJU

1.22
Reading1.   3’01 + 10’03 = 13’04
中心大意：新冠疫情给内地DJ带来机会&影响
段落大意：
Bkgrd：新冠疫情导致上半年夜店关闭，一部分夜店在恢复营业后依旧人头攒动
Kw1+由于疫情影响，很多外籍DJ无法入境，给了内地DJ展现自己的机会
Kw2+疫情带来的夜店去中心化
Kw3-一些电子音乐人认为外籍DJ为音乐市场注入活力，但是其实观众根本不care只想蹦迪
句子摘抄：
A bouncer eyeing the crowd at Zhao Dai says it is as busy as it was before the closures. Michael Ohlsson, the American owner of Dada, another Beijing club, says his business will probably break even this year, despite being closed for much of its first half.
生词：punter船夫、赌博者   

Reading2.   5’31 + 20’08 = 25’39
中心大意：白人至上主义的解释？（这篇实在看不懂）
段落大意：
MM-：所谓平等法律实质上还是剥夺黑人公民权
CVW+：有可取
是一种意识形态？
为种族隔离提供黑暗背景
句子摘抄：
1Indeed the very"confidence of the dominant race" (p. 9) in the universal recognitionof the imperatives of place made legislation unnecessary for twodecades.
2If the continuity ofwhite supremacy provides the context of the dark journey through the age of Jim Crow, the shiftingresponses to oppressiondefine the stages of that journey.
生词：
salient显著的，突出的，跳跃的   pervasive普遍的   imperatives必要的，不可避免的；紧急的；命令的，专横的    edifice大厦、建筑物   class hegemony阶级霸权   

AJU

1.23
Reading1.   4’01 + 12’09 = 16’10
中心大意：关于恐龙灭绝原因的争论
段落大意：
Kwo：恐龙灭绝是因为小行星撞击地球撞击
Kwn：反驳kwo，认为只是巧合，恐龙灭绝真正原因是由于火山喷发的有害物质，ex.二叠纪
Kwo+kwn-：1PH时间不一2abc小分论点
Aw：支持kwo，恐龙灭绝是小行星撞击导致的
句子摘抄：
1modelling suggests the planet would have been a pretty uncomfortable place for quite some time afterwards, with ejecta suspended in the atmosphere blotting out the sun, and acid rain changing the chemical composition of the oceans.
2But that was either a coincidence or the straw that broke the planet’s ecological back.
生词：instantaneously即刻、突如其来的   temperature spike温度突增   

Reading2.   3’31 + 11’08 = 24’39
中心大意：暗物质构成
段落大意：
Kw1暗物质不可能构成成分：1proton，neutron __too few
2neutrino__too light
Kw2可能构成成分：”cold”
Most studied：supersymmetry  stability and neutrality satisfy all the requirements of cold dark matter.
句子摘抄：
Supersymmetry is an attractive explanation for dark matter because it postulates a whole new family of particles—one “superpartner” for every known elementary particle.
生词：dark matter暗物质   primordial原始的   sluggishly懈怠的、慢吞吞的

AJU

1.24
Reading1.   5’57 +15’02 = 20’59
中心大意：痴呆症人数上升及应对
段落大意：
Bkgrd: 痴呆症病因病理解释&人口老龄化也是增长原因之一
Kw1：研究表明痴呆症可通过运动等方式预防，政府应提倡健康生活&药物研发
Kw2：医疗护理方面各国应对——数字化不够，护工劳力短缺
句子摘抄：
Undertaken with humanity and dignity, it is extremely labour-intensive. Technology can help lighten the load—using remote monitoring to let people stay at home and, perhaps in future, robots to perform some basic tasks
生词：
dementia痴呆症   umbrella term涵盖性术语   penalise惩罚   

Reading2.   6’09 + 17’22 = 23’31
中心大意：Anti-trust 是否导致了 diversification of US companies
段落大意：
Bkgrd引出问题：是什么导致diversification of US companies
Kw1：传统观点认为是anti-trust
X. 进行实证检验  a+：多元化在大型并购占比高 b-：英加德法控制变量 c-：anti-trust是战后西方经济体普遍特征，ex12
句子摘抄：
Diversifying mergers, in contrast, were unlikely to have been challenged regardless of size. If the antitrust hypothesis is correct, then, acquisition-minded firms avoided large horizontal acquisitions, and either substituted into small horizontal acquisitions and mergers with firms of any size in unrelated industries, or dropped out of the merger market altogether.
生词：
anecdotal传闻的，轶事的   corroborate证实、使坚固   conglomerate企业集团、聚合物

AJU

1.25
Reading1.   5’01 +17’09 = 22’10
中心大意：The crown剧集非真实是否重要
段落大意：
Bkgrd: Netflix的一部剧扭曲了王室形象
Kw1：保守党人指控其严重失实ex.具体事实
Kw2：君主制没有这么脆弱 ；一个支持言论自由的政府不会进行干涉
句子摘抄：
If the monarchy is so vulnerable that a man pretending to be Prince Charles saying mean things to a woman pretending to be his wife damages it gravely, then the institution has probably outlived its usefulness.
生词：
Brexit英国脱欧    veracity真实、准确      estrange使疏远、离间   dysfunction功能紊乱   propaganda 宣传   smear胡乱涂抹；（在某物上）涂；弄脏；诽谤，诋毁；（字迹、图画等）蹭得模糊不清

Reading2.   3’30 + 15’09= 18’39
中心大意：女性艺术家和陶瓷展览
段落大意：
Bkgrd：对AO和她的陶瓷展览的介绍
Kw1：事实上她的声誉在那段时间并不好，仅仅是作为发起者
Kw2：她对这些展览的贡献
Kw3：回顾过去，AO&陶瓷展的关联
句子摘抄：
She was neither judge nor juror of the exhibitions, and nor are there any photographs representing her as a professional participating in them, whereas there are numerous photographs of Cowan and Atherton.
生词：
curatorial stance管理者的立场   dissemination宣传、散播、传染   

AJU

1.26
Reading1.   5’27 +12’02 = 17’29
中心大意：卫星探测甲烷帮助应对气候变化
段落大意：
Bkgrd: C卫星意外发现甲烷羽流，i1：卫星探测新作用；i2：天然气泄漏温室气体多于预测
Data supporting，ex：a：California；b：Belmont county, Ohio
甲烷解释
甲烷探测卫星研制进展&贡献
句子摘抄：
Other methane-hunting satellites are coming. These include one due for launch in 2022 by Methanesat, an affiliate of the Environmental Defence Fund, an American non-profit organisation.
生词：
plume羽流     compressor station压缩站   spectrometer 分光仪   burnish擦亮、磨亮
mount增加、爬上、安置

Reading2.   3’50 + 15’21 = 19’11
中心大意：加速器质谱法测定放射性碳年代的好处、应用
段落大意：
Kw1：传统的放射性碳定年法测定的弊端：a时间阈值b环境&样品无法区分
Kw2：加速器质谱法测定放射性碳年代的影响：x证实印第安迁移y Neanderthal
句子摘抄：
An accurate time scale for  the colonization of America is crucial in order to assess how quickly the first Paleo-Indian hunters and gatherers dispersed, settled and developed  their ethnic and linguistic diversity.  
生词：
threshold 入口；门槛；开始；极限；临界值   
ambient周围的；外界的；环绕的；产生轻松氛围的