【速度】+【越障练习】GMAT得阅读者得天下，大家一起来练阅读吧

不过700不改名

越障1-18
一读实验就啥也记不住了。。。
主旨：洋流T其实不止是一种携带沉积物的洋流，它起因于海底的变动。
论证过程：先提出之前的观点，认为T洋流只是一种湍急的会携带沉积物的洋流，然后提出新观点，认为它与海底变动有关。阐述了这一发现的意义：海底有许多电缆和管道，这一发现对人类发展有好处。然后讲实验过程，（这段几乎全忘了）科学家把一个什么东西放进海里，洋流让它产生了本不应该产生的运动（好像是下沉过多还是过快还是什么的），但是科学家还不敢确定，又做了几个实验，最终得出结论。

进击的智人阿飞

【速度1-19】
计时+3行， 56 s, +1行，+57 s, +58s
Part I： it introduces a tradition of a kind of soup and the tradtion behind it.  A dish called cookoff soup is famous in West virginia. The soup is made in the festival with the same name. Evry year the people from all over the world come here to participate in the fesitival. The soup is made with roadkills——the
wild animals killed by the road. They don't know in advance what will be the ingredients , some times snakes or bears. But the locals won't accept animals killed by car accident. There are also many competition held during the festival . People see the festival not only as a chance to have a leisure time but also get involved with other communities. The income of the festival boost the local economy.


Part II: Teachers account for the largest proportion of airbnb host. More than 10% of host of airbnb are teachers. They join airbnb because they want to earn money. Many  teachers are faced with economic problems , such as paying for extra class supply,and the income of teacher today is less than 7or 8 years ago. Wesconsin is top one teacher-host state and the ohio.  But many people think hosting an airbnb house is not enough for teachers to solve financial problems. But airbnb indeed drive the loan-house market. The addition regulation is needed for curbing the fierce competition.

Wilma_dc

进击的智人阿飞 发表于 2018-9-26 15:25
我也是的，开心呀！ 话说Wil 你是啥时候考，我之前听你说是这个月来着

我最近有些别的事情耽误了，可能会推迟到11月底考试。你什么时候考？报名了吗？

1324423

顶楼主！               

进击的智人阿飞

Wilma_dc 发表于 2018-10-12 11:49
我最近有些别的事情耽误了，可能会推迟到11月底考试。你什么时候考？报名了吗？ ...

我19号就要考啦

进击的智人阿飞

【越障1-19】 历史人文     CR： 经济学人 2012.9.15

（729 words）

The origins of Christianity： An atheist’s guideA newbook argues that St Paul was the key to Christianity’s success

THE rulers of ancient Romewere ruthlessly pragmatic in matters of religion. When a tribe was subdued andits lands added to the imperial realm, Rome would appropriate thesubject-people’s gods and add them to an ever-growing pantheon of exoticdivinities. When Augustus asserted supreme political power, he also claimeddivine status; the cities of the empire were encouraged to compete with oneanother in the fervour of their emperor-worship.

In hersweeping account of relations between faith and power at the dawn of theChristian era, Selina O’Grady presents the political uses of pagan religion,set amid all the luxury and decadence of Roman life, with great relish anddescriptive power. She goes on to examine the interplay of authority and faithin many other parts of the world, particularly in Persia, India and China. The

result is an enjoyable,informative romp through the subject of comparative religion.

But MsO’Grady, a British broadcaster and writer, has a more ambitious purpose. Bylooking at many different forms of theocracy and Caesaropapism, she hopes tocreate a context that renders comprehensible the emergence of Jesus of Nazarethas a preacher in villages in Galilee, the wildfire spread of Christianity, andits adoption as the official religion by the Roman empire. In other words, sheis seeking a straightforward secular explanation for the historical phenomenonthat Christianity itself ascribes to the work of the Holy Spirit.

Shethus enters an arena into which biblical scholars began crowding half a centuryago: how, if at all, does the “historical Jesus” relate to the Christ of faithand dogma? With accomplished journalistic flair, she posits answers with fargreater confidence than any academic writer, choking on footnotes, couldmuster.

To thescholarly secular enquirer, certainty about the historical Jesus is elusive.The written evidence is thin to non-existent, and the import of the Dead SeaScrolls, one of the few sources for the period that is mainly in a Semiticlanguage, is hotly contested. But Ms O’Grady’s ideas are very clear. Jesus, forher, was one of many wandering preachers and miracle-workers who made noparticular claim to be divine but did articulate a form of Jewish nationalism.(Why, one might object, did he urge followers to “render unto Caesar what isCaesar’s?”) The “Son of God”, in whose name Roman and Byzantine emperors ruled,was in Ms O’Grady’s view constructed by Paul, who fashioned Christianity into areligion that was both universalist (appealing, as Islam does, to the whole ofhumanity) and politically quietist, and therefore ideal for an empire.

Theauthor makes some good points. Imperial peace, both in ancient Rome and inother eras, was in a paradoxical way a cause of social and culturaldislocation. It made commerce and travel possible, allowing intercourse betweenseparate ethnic and religious groups. Her argument that universalist religionis useful to an empire is sound though not original; work by a British scholar,Garth Fowden, on monotheism in late antiquity should have been included in herbibliography.

Ms O’Grady observes that Paulwas, in a sense, solving a private problem when he devised a religion for thewhole of humanity—the identity problem of a devout and zealous Jew who had aGreek education and was a Roman citizen. Three centuries later, Rome’s mastersfound that Paul’s answer to his own dilemmas corresponded precisely to theempire’s ideological needs.

Herargument rises to a crescendo in a final chapter about how “Paul createdChrist”; or how the apostle devised a serviceable form of world-religion basedon his mystical intimations of a divine figure whom he had “met” only invisions. Both ends of her argument—that Paul responded creatively to hispersonal dilemmas, and that belief in one God held the late Roman empiretogether—are convincing enough; but in her attempts to trace what happened inthe first 300 years of Christian history, many causal links are missing. Evenwere the reader persuaded to allow that enduring jail, whippings and shipwreckswas Paul’s own approach to identity politics, it is still hard to understandhow he persuaded so many others to follow suit. Whatever the answer, it surelytakes more than a 30-page chapter to set it out.

进击的智人阿飞

【越障1-19】   
计时9Min 29s   
主旨： 关于一个人的作品，探究耶稣基督神性的由来以及其与罗马帝国建立的关系。 结构： divinity 物质化在历史上的表现  作者书的内容和进步点 作者对耶稣神性的态度 作者书的limitation
大意： 讲了一个记者和作家的一本书，讲耶稣的宗教地位来历。先讲了罗马的基督教传统就是将神性物质化，让人们得以有东西可以膜拜。这个在历史上的体现就是罗马统治欧洲后，它的城市争相做圣城，希望成为被膜拜的地方。   这个书的作者基于这个传统，她不仅像一般作品一样，从波斯，中国等其他国家的power 和faith在国家统治上的关系，阐释宗教的政治化作用，进行对比研究，她还很有野心地想从耶稣基督诞生到他成为罗马基督教的精神存在的整个背景谈起，解释为什么人们普遍认为耶稣是靠自己布道，把自己推上这个位置的。 那段时间本身是缺少史实记载的，这个作家认为，是一个叫保罗的人，为了传教方便，借用了耶稣基督的名字，创造了天之子基督的形象，作为神性物质化的工具。她认为保罗之所以会成功，是因为他那段时间经历着自身的精神磨砺，而罗马统治者认为，他的用以精神建设的观点与他们的需求不谋而合，于是大力推崇了保罗的思想，于是才有了后来的“耶稣”。
但这个书的限制之处在于，对于基督教产生的前三百年没有提及，但是这三百年对于问题真相的探寻至关重要。


好的我承认这篇看完了之后又回去扫了一眼才理清楚结构，但真的只扫了一眼，回忆起就没看了。哎，桑心

进击的智人阿飞

【速度1-20】
计时1 （258 words）


Zero-WasteMovement Aims to Reduce Trash

There is a smallbut growing movement in America of households that want to reduce waste tozero.

Their goal ofproducing no trash is probably impossible to reach. Some come close, reducing ayear's worth of trash to only a few things that can fit into a small container.

All otherthings, they say, can be recycled or composted.

Zero Wasters, asthey are called, help each other by sharing advice on blogs and social media. Anumber of people also have written recent books on the subject.

Some of theadvice includes where to buy things to avoid unwanted packaging andwhere to recycle things that most people throw away.

Bea Johnsonis author of "Zero Waste Home: The Ultimate Guide toSimplifying Your Life by Reducing Your Waste."

She said,"It may be too extreme for a lot of people, but even if you can cut yourtrash down by even 20 percent, you'll gain 80 percent of the benefits,like saving time and money for experiences instead of shopping for unnecessarystuff...."

She added,"It's about a simpler life based on being, not having."

Johnson saidthat reducing shopping means her family has more money for fun vacations.

She said herfamily buys recycled things also. All their clothing, for example, comes fromused clothing stores. She says that has reduced her household spending by 40percent.

"We can getmost brands on eBay and request that they be sent to uswithout any non-recyclable packaging," she said.

计时2 （243 words）

Johnson has beenwriting about zero-waste efforts since 2008.

Elizabeth Gravesis the editor-in-chief of Martha Stewart Living magazine. She says sheconsiders Zero Waste a movement.

Graves saidthe millennial generation is very concerned about how theylive. She adds, "More and more people are showing that while it's intimidating atfirst, it can be done."

Graves' magazinerecently reported on Lauren Singer of New York City. Singer started her ownblog, Trash is for Tossers. She gives advice abouthow to reduce waste and where to buy goods that have little or no packaging.

Singer said thatshe can fit six years of her trash into a single Mason jar.

"I realizedthat I can make a huge difference even as one individual," she said,"It's empowering."

Zero Wasterslike to talk about five "r's" that describe what they do: Refuse,Reduce, Reuse, Recycle and Rot. The first "r" stands for refuse. Theyrefuse containers and straws at restaurants. To this end, they either ask touse their own containers or request that things like food be wrapped in paper.

Zero Wastersalso seek to reduce the number of things they buy. They reuse household goodsand recycle materials. They also try to compost, or rot, foodmaterial that can be used to enrich soil.

Amy Korst isanother writer who is interested in the zero waste movement. She wrote the book"Zero Waste Lifestyle: Live Well by Throwing Away Less."

计时3 （261 words）

She noted thatonce food is buried under plastics and other things in, for example, alandfill, it no longer composts as it normally would.

She said that iswhy it is so important to separate things that can be composted from othertrash.

Localcommunities deal with waste and recyclable material differently all over thecountry. Korst said the first step in understanding how to recycle is tocontact your local sanitation department. Officials there willbe able to advise about what can be recycled and how to do it.

"You mightbe surprised at the things that can be recycled," Korst said.

More and moreinformation also is available online to help people decide on what to do withunwanted objects.

Korst's bookdescribes many ways to begin reducing trash. These include cutting down onusing things made out of plastic. She also has advice about what to do with awide number of household products from cooking oil, to batteries to printer inkcontainers and even to the plastic rings that hold soda cans.

"We're notcrazy hippies. We're normal families with houses and kids and cars,and this is the way of the future," Johnson said.

AstronautsMake Emergency Landing in Failed Russian Space Launch

A Russianspacecraft traveling to the International Space Station Thursday had to make anemergency landing when a rocket engine failed to fire.

It was thelatest in a recent series of failures for the Russian space program, which isalso used by the U.S. to carry its astronauts to the station.

计时4 （242 words）

United Statesastronaut Nick Hague and Russian cosmonaut Alexei Ovchinin landed safely about20 kilometers from Dzhezkazgan in Kazakhstan. The city is about 450 kilometersfrom the Russia's Baikonur space center, which Russia operates through anagreement with the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Both the U.S.space agency NASA and Russia's Roscosmos reported that the two were quicklyrecovered from the landing area by rescue crews.

A spokesman forRussian President Vladimir Putin said, "Thank God the crew is alive"after they had landed safely.

NASAAdministrator Jim Bridenstine, who watched the launch at Baikonur tweeted thatHague and Ovchinin are in good condition. He added that a "thoroughinvestigation into the cause of the incident will be conducted."

What happened?

About twominutes after launching, the three-stage Soyuz booster rocket suffered anunspecified failure of its second stage.

Russia's TASSnews agency said the capsule carrying the two men separatedfrom the troubled rocket safely. This caused the capsule to drop very sharplyinto the Earth's atmosphere. Parachutes helped slow the returning capsule.Search and rescue teams were sent to recover the crew.

Russia's RIAnews agency reported that Russia has immediately suspended all manned spacelaunches after the failure.

Roscosmos headDmitry Rogozin said he had ordered a state commission to carry out aninvestigation into what went wrong. He said Russia will share all relevant informationwith the U.S.

The Russianspace program has suffered several failures in recent years.

计时5 （229words）

In August, thecrew found a hole in a Russian Soyuz capsule docked to the orbiting spacestation. The hole caused a brief loss of air pressure before being fixed. TheRussian space agency also sent 70 rocket engines back to production lines in2016 to replace broken parts.

However,Thursday's incident was the first manned launch failure since 1983 when a Soyuzrocket exploded in the launch area. The cosmonauts safely escaped in thataccident as well.

InternationalSpace Station not threatened

The twoastronauts were to arrive at the International Space Station (ISS) six hoursafter the launch to join an American, a Russian and a German currently aboardthe station.

The TASS newsagency said that the ISS crew has enough supplies and that the failed launchwill not affect operations.

Relationsbetween the U.S. and Russia have been very tense in recent years. Russianactivities in Ukraine, charges of interfering in the U.S. presidential electionof 2016 and the conflict in Syria are some of the main issues. However, the twosides have continued their cooperation in space.

The U.S. andother nations have depended on Russia to carry astronauts to the ISS since theretirement of the Space Shuttle program in 2011.

In coming years,American aerospace companies SpaceX, with its Dragon 2, and Boeing, with itsStarliner, are expected to return to space.

进击的智人阿飞

【速度1-20】
计时

59s， +2行， +1行， +1行， 57s

part I:  a movement called zero-waste is popular in amercia. The movement reqires people to leave just a small package of trash and the rest of it should be as recyclable as possible. It suggests many ways  to do so which can be found on blog and some people's books, such as reduce the use of unrecyclable package, refuse the use of unrecyclable bag when shopping on ebay, reuse the bottle got from restaurant, etc. Any way , it is suggested that people could ask for advice from local experts and they would be shocked by the limitless ways they could use. many people show interests in this movement and they said, by doing so, they can save money from households

Part II: A spaceship from Russia had a emergency land after rising 2 km. Two astronauts are not injured, for the capsule carrying them separated from the rocket safely. Russia now conducted a investigation for the this accident. They thought there mightbe something wrong with the engine, and they found a hole from capsule which they now try to repair. Russia commitment that they would share information with US. NASA said they had enough resources so this accidents would influence their work . The background: Russia, US Germany and another two countries formd an association called ISS, although in recents years, the relationship between Russia and US is very tensed, their cooperation is not harmed, instead, msny member countries rely on the force of Russia to go to Space In the future years, there are new projects launched throgh this association , including Space X

进击的智人阿飞

【越障１－２０】（经济学）
（956 words）

CR ： The Economist 2012.09.15
Investment bankingDream turns to nightmareInvestmentbanking once delivered juicy profits. No longer

“THE best countercyclical indicator of the health of capitalmarkets is when investment banks cut staff,” says a senior banker at a largeAmerican investment bank. “We always cut just before the cycle turns.” But whatif the cycle doesn’t turn?

An industry that once seemedto offer banks the opportunity to earn juicy returns and expand internationallyis now in retreat almost everywhere.

Someof this withdrawal has been going on since the crisis—the fees paid to banksfor trading in capital markets as well as for advising on takeovers and salesof shares and bonds have been falling for a few years now. But lately retreathas turned to rout. Early this month Nomura, which had made a gutsy bet onexpansion when it bought the European and Asian businesses of Lehman Brothersin 2008, in effect pulled the plug on its global investment-banking business.Peers express little surprise. “Nomura was dead before it started,” says theboss of one large bank. “It was a totally ill-conceived foreign expansion.”

Yetother banks are pulling back hard, too. Deutsche Bank, Germany’s bankingchampion, plans deep cuts to its investment bank, a part of the businessresponsible for much of its growth. Barclays is said to be considering slimmingits investment bank by as much as a fifth, reversing a decade-long expansion ofa business that contributes more than half of total profit. Both Barclays and

Deutsche are lowering theirtargets for returns on equity, in Deutsche’s case to just 12% after tax, welldown on the 25% pre-tax target it once aimed for.

Thereare two main reasons for the sharp falls in profitability at investment bankseverywhere. The first is that their clients are simply doing a lot lessbusiness with them. Income from trading bonds, currencies and commodities (anarea of activity known in the industry as FICC) has fallen as slowing economiesand turmoil in Europe have discouraged institutional investors from trading andcompanies from buying one another or issuing shares. Equity issuance worldwidedropped by about 30% in the first seven months of this year from a yearearlier; in debt markets, bond issuance has fallen by about 8%, according toanalysts at Mediobanca, an Italian bank. Number-crunchers at Deutsche Bankreckon that revenue from investment banking around the world will total some$240 billion this year, down by almost a third from 2009 (see chart).

The second reason is thatregulations on capital and liquidity are starting to bite. These are reducingreturns earned by banks as well as forcing them to shrink their balance-sheetsand cut back on trading. Many banks are also starting to position themselvesfor proposed rules that are not yet in force, such as America’s Volcker rule,which aims to stop banks trading for their own account, and regulations thatwill shove over-the-counter derivatives, which command fat margins, ontoclearing-houses and exchanges.

Noteveryone is gloomy: J.P. Morgan reportedly says investment banking has neverbeen stronger. But most other banks seem to have lost their mojo. The mostvisible consequence of this is in headcount. London’s financial industry willhave lost

about 100,000 jobs by the endof this year from a peak of 354,000 in 2007, according to CEBR, an economicsconsultancy. New York’s financial comptroller reckons Wall Street employsalmost 20,000 fewer people than before the crisis.

Slashingvariable costs is only half the story, however. The industry is reshapingitself in other ways, too. First, there is the decline of stand-aloneinvestment banks, and the concomitant resurgence of universal banks, whichcombine investment banking with the simpler commercial- and retail-bankingsort. Diversified, deposit-taking universal banks can maintain higher creditratings and can borrow more cheaply than specialist investment banks such asMorgan Stanley or Goldman Sachs. As credit has become scarce, moreover, universalbanks have been able to demand a larger share of lucrative investment-bankingbusiness from their clients in return for offering loans.

Inresponse, investment banks such as Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley are tryingto expand into corporate lending, private banking and retail stockbroking. Thisweek Morgan Stanley reached

a deal to buy out Citigroup’s49% stake in their Smith Barney retail-broking joint venture.

Thesecond shift in the investment-banking landscape is a hollowing-out of themidsized banks as the very biggest in the industry grab a greater share oftrading revenues. This is partly because the titans can afford the best tradingsystems, but also because a bank with a large share of trading has theliquidity that further increases its attractiveness as a trading counterparty.Analysts at Deutsche Bank reckon that the five leading banks in FICC won 40% ofthe market’s revenue in 2011, up from 36% in 2007. Smaller banks that onceaspired to be global are expanding in markets closer to home instead.

Themore open question is whether the industry’s geographical centre of gravitywill also move, away from London and towards Wall Street and Asia. London’snatural advantages of time zone, law and language are not easily bettered. ButAsian and American banks have big deposit bases to call on to financeexpansion; European banks generally do not. And London’s reputation has beensullied by recent regulatory failures over

issues such as the rigging of LIBOR interest rates, as well as thepolitical backlash against investment banking that arose as a result. “Londonhit Ctrl-Alt-Delete in terms of wanting to be a centre of global finance,” saysthe boss of one large universal bank. “Singapore and New York will be the newhubs of global finance and you can’t open enough coal mines…to make up forthat.”