【速度】+【越障练习】GMAT得阅读者得天下，大家一起来练阅读吧

进击的智人阿飞

【速度1-14】
计时 59s， +3行， +1行， +5行， +6行   感觉自己的阅读速度基本上是250 words/min （非难度文章）
Moore found that in tech industry, the discrimination on minority people is severe. The content starts with data showing the gap between the minority's percentage who get IT degrees and that really working in tech industry, in varous countries. She then draw some personal and her peers example of how they feel descriminated in work place and the fact that black people rarely get promoted. There are several reasons, firstly, the ingrained stereotype, secondly, the high-rank officers in those IT companies are generally white men who know little about what happen out there, lastly, the culture differences.  Moore suggeted that the minorities like her should embrace these descrimination and just focus on self-development. She thought the situation in IT industry is not satisfying for there are very few minority women in her company. But she thinks that , nowadays, many minority people succeed in their own field. It's encouraged for minorities to struggle to win in their advantaged area.

进击的智人阿飞

【越障1-15】 计时 9Min 33s
主旨： 探究政治不稳定因素对企业投资的影响，以及家庭企业对待此影响的不同表现
结构： 一般企业是怎样受政治不稳定因素影响的，已有研究的不足和本研究目的， 家庭企业怎样受影响的，导致这种差别的原因， 实验方法，实验优势，结果
大意： 政治对经济有影响，进而会影响企业表现。已有研究显示在大选期间，企业的固定资产投资会降低，并且这种变化随国家不稳定程度和企业生产与公共产业联系的紧密程度增高。但是政府的执政特点对企业投资的影响和企业本身类别导致行为的区别 并未做研究。所以本文就探究家族私营企业对这种政治不安的反应，旨在为企业与政治不稳定的联系，提供更多可能性。
作者初步猜测家族企业对于政治不稳定的反应不会有非家族企业那么大。两个原因： agency和resource。 agency意思是拥有者和管理者的合作支持，和观念的统一将有利于公司运转，家族企业更善于协调拥有者和管理者之间的关系。 resource是指家族企业的人脉资源很丰富，他们更会搞好社会关系，也在政府有人脉。而政府需要企业的支持，作为回报，他们会透露一些消息，或者制定有利于某企业的政策，从而对该企业有好处。
为了研究收集数据，作者以2000-2014？？年期间的不同地区***家家族企业和非家族企业作为样本，记录他们在当地政府大选期间的投资表现。作者说此实验因此有以下几个优势  1. 所有地区不可能同时发生选举，而没有发生选举的地区就和发生了的天然形成对照   2. 记录的结果是与政治不稳定的时间是配对的，从而不会受企业本身经济周期的影响   3. 是同一个国家的不同地区，因此可以不用考虑一些国家经济差异
结果量化有两个指标： 首先是在大选期间固定资产投资，普通企业确实降低，但是家族企业受到的影响更小，且总的投资有所增加；  第二是经营公共事业相关产业的企业中，普通的确实会降低，但是家族企业没有， 其他忘了。。。。研究者名字太多，影响思维连贯，就酱

进击的智人阿飞

【速度1-15】

计时1 （293 words)

StudyConfirms Unusual Fossils Came from an Animal

Scientistssay they have confirmed that strange-looking fossils from more than 500 millionyears ago are remains of an animal.

That would make it one of the earliest known creatures.

The fossils are found within rocks. They are round with manylines, and look similar to the markings of a leaf.

Thefossils were first described in 1947. They have been found in Australia andRussia. Some are very small; others are over a meter long.

Scientists have named the mysterious ancient organism that leftthese fossils behind "Dickinsonia."

But what exactly was it?

In the past, some scientists suggested it was an animal. Othersbelieved it was a single-celled organism called a protist.

Researchers presented evidence that Dickinsonia was an animal ina recent paper. The paper appeared in the publication Science.

The most important evidence was that Dickinsonia fossils foundin Russia contained carbon-bearing substances produced byanimals.

Experts not connected to the study called that evidence strong.They also said most scientists who had studied the fossils already believedthat Dickinsonia was probably an animal.

Douglas Erwin is with the Smithsonian Institution. He said he issure the fossils are from an animal.

It is not clear when Dickinsonia lived. Some fossils are about558 million years old, said Jochen Brocks of the Australian National Universityin Canberra. He was one of the researchers involved in the study.

Brocks considers Dickinsonia to be "the very oldest animalthat we can be sure about. He added that it is about 2 million years older thananother widely accepted animal fossil.

Brocks said scientists do not know much about what Dickinsonialooked like. But he said they do know it was "soft and flexible."

计时2 (271 words)

Dickinsoniawas not the first animal on Earth. Analysis of the genetic materialsof living animals suggests that animals first appeared more than 720 millionyears ago. But scientists have never found fossils that old.

PowerReturns to Indonesian City but Condition of Thousands Unknown

Electricpower stations were operating again and some businesses reopened in theIndonesian city of Palu on Thursday. However, the condition of thousands ofpeople in nearby communities was unknown nearly a week after an earthquakeand tsunami hit the area.

A total of 370,000 people live in Palu, on the island ofSulawesi. The city has been the center of aid efforts after a 7.5 magnitude earthquakestruck on September 28. A short time later, large waves covered parts ofSulawesi's west coast.

International help in searching for survivors has beenimproving. But damaged roads, landslides and poor communications have cut offsome areas from the rest of Indonesia. This has left many survivors in need ofaid that has only just begun to arrive.

By Thursday, the number of people killed was officially listedat 1,424, but it is expected to rise. In Palu itself, most of the dead havebeen counted. But Indonesian officials are just beginning to count victims fromrural areas.

"There are so many challenges withthis disaster. It's never been so bad," said Frida Sinta, an aidvolunteer.

Palu is about 1,500 kilometers northeast of Jakarta. Parts ofthe city were close to anarchy earlier this week, with people taking thingsfrom stores. But some businesses and banks have now reopened and a mobile phoneservice is working again.

计时3（294 words）

Orderlylines formed at fuel stations after the arrival of fuel late Thursday. Trafficlights and televisions came back to life as the power came back on.

The improvements are helping with the aid effort.

"We carry whatever we can by car or motorbike within thecity wherever we can. But not yet to the most inaccessible places,"Frida Sinta said.

About1.4 million people live in the badly affected areas of the disaster zone.Rescue workers are pushing into nearby communities, where people said they havebeen searching for food.

A Red Cross helicopter landed near the town of Donggala,northwest of Palu, to bring in bread and other food, a Reuters photographersaid. The news agency worker added that survivors quickly took everything.

An Indonesian government spokesman told reporters the main roadsto the south, west and east of Palu had been opened.

But there has been little information about conditions on theroad to the north, along the coast towards the epicenter ofthe earthquake.

Abdul Haris of the national search and rescue agency said therewas no information about the small settlements along the north road.

While the power is back in Palu, it will take much longer forpeoples' lives to return to normal.

Asril Abdul Hamid, a business owner, was looking at the wreckageof his home. It was destroyed by water.

He found a few family pictures.

"(My) family is safe, thank God, but my cousin waskilled," he told Reuters. He said that his family had got food and waterin the past few days.

In 2004, an earthquake off the island of Sumatra caused atsunami across the Indian Ocean that killed 226,000 people in 13 countries. InIndonesia, more than 120,000 people were killed.

计时4 （244 words）
ScientistsCreate ‘Social Network’ of Brains to Share Thoughts

Therehave been many books written and movies made describing the ability of peopleto communicate through thoughts.

While this idea has not been demonstrated in reality, physicistsand neuroscientists have reported some progress in recent years.

Now, scientists say they successfully connected the brains ofthree people who were able to send thoughts to each other. A group ofresearchers reported their new findings in ascientific paper posted on the internet.

The scientists – from the University of Washington and CarnegieMellon University - say they believe their experiment is the very first of itskind. The team used electronic tools to complete the test of brain-to-braincommunication.

It wasnot the first time this same group of researchers connected different humanbrains, MIT Technology Review reports. In 2015, they used similar equipmentto link up the brains of two people. Part of that experiment involved the twotest subjects playing a simple word game, the publication said.

The group calls its new project BrainNet. It described thesystem as the first "direct brain-to-brain interface"designed to help people cooperate in problem solving.

In the experiment, the scientists said only brain-to-braincommunication was used as the three individuals played a video game together.The game was a simplified version of the video game Tetris, which became hugelypopular in the 1980s. In the game, players try to match colored blocks fallingonto a puzzle.

计时5（281 words）

How it works

Two kinds of electronic devices were worn by people taking partin the experiment. Electroencephalograms, or EEGs were used to recordelectrical brain activity of subjects. The other, called transcranial magneticstimulation, or TMS, is a process that magnetically stimulates apart of the brain. This was used to send information to others involved in theexperiment.

During the game, two players were chosen as "senders"and a third as a "receiver." The senders had brain signals "decoded"using real-time EEG information. The decoding process recorded each sender'sdecisions about suggested moves in the game. The sending and receiving ofinformation was carried out by the subjects looking at different forms oflight.

The decisions were then transmitted throughthe internet to the brain of the receiver, who could not see the video game.The receiver then uses the information from the senders to decide on what gamemoves to make. An additional part of the game provided a second chance forsenders to examine the receiver's decision and send feedback to the receiver'sbrain.

Theresearchers said experiments were carried out with five different groups, eachwith three human subjects. They reported all the groups were able to useBrainNet to perform the game moves with a success rate of 81 percent.

The scientists added noise to one sender's signal to testwhether that would affect the receiver's responses. They reported that thereceivers learned to recognize the most reliable sendersby using only the information transmitted to their brains.

The researchers wrote that the results "raise the possibility offuture brain-to-brain interfaces that enable cooperative problem solving byhumans using a ‘social network' of connected brains."

进击的智人阿飞

【速度1-15】
计时

+2行， +1行， 1min, 1min, +6行

part I： A new fossil is confirmed as the oldest animal fossil discovered. It has a name called  ?ki （忘了）.It is confirmed by a group of researcher who found there were some cardon researvings in the fossil ,which is confirmed to be from an animal.  Actually, early in the 1940s, the discover of the fossil was recorded. But because it apeared in a line form, many people believed it to be a leaf fossil.  It can date back to 558millions ago, thus acknowledging to be the oldest animal fossil in the world, at least 2 million years older than any other well known animals fossil. But it may be the earliest animal. There is an animal which appeared  720million ago. The fossil of this animal has not been found yet.

Part II: after the strike of a tsunami, the power is coming back to Palu, an Indonesian city. The shop, Petrol station, the Tv restart to work. On 9.28, the tsunami hit Palu, and then , the city is covered by the wave. 1424 people are wound to die. Today, the searching and rescuing work is still on the way. The road to Palu is working again, but the path to North coast, the epicenter of the tsunami, is still blocked. No one knows if there are some survivors. Apart from the rescuing team, the people from neiboring city send food to the survivors trapped in Palu.

Part III: A group of research conduct a research to explore the brain-to-brain communication. There are researchers from MIT who have done the similar experiment where two people complete one word together. This new experiment is among three people. Five groups of three people are doing the reaserch. Two are senders and one are receivors. some tools like EEGs and TMIs are used to decode of transfer the signals from the senders to receivors. without knowing anything directly from senders, the receivors shouldfigure out the moves the senders made in a vediom game, only by the signals he receives in the brain internet from the senders. And in order to wipe of other influences, the noises are given during the receiving process. The result is that the receivors can make the right judgement if the sender is most reliable. The researchers said this information is useful in future's group cooperation andcommunication among people in the work.

进击的智人阿飞

【越障1-16】


（975 words） 历史社会
Crimes Against Humanity

background ：NUREMBERG TRIALS IN GERMANY. In October 1945, twenty-four men faced war-crime charges in Nuremberg, Germany, including crimes against humanity, for their part in the deaths of millions during World War II. Only three were acquitted in October 1946 by the four allied nations (United States, France, Great Britain, and Russia) in the first of thirteen trials.

One of the earliest references to a crimeagainst humanity in modern times was made with regard to slavery in a speechdelivered in the United States in 1872. The massacre of Armenian people inTurkey was described by a 1915 joint resolution of France, Great Britain, andRussia as representing crimes against humanity (although by the early 2000s theterm "genocide" was more commonly applied to the Armenian massacre).After World War I (1914–1918), most of the victorious powers wanted to create awar crimes tribunal toprosecute German leaders under universal principles of justice, but the UnitedStates opposed that idea. As a result, by far the most importantconceptualization of crimes against humanity came after World War II(1939–1945) in the Nuremberg Principles, which were applied to Hitler's ThirdReich.

The Treaty of London of August 8, 1945,provided for the creation of the International Military Tribunal and for thecharter for that tribunal, which eventually met at Nuremberg to try Nazileaders. The first session of the newly created General Assembly of the UnitedNations (UN) in 1945 recognized the principles set out in the charter, as wellas the precedents set by theNuremberg Tribunal, and the Nuremberg Principles were formally adopted by theUN International Law Commission in 1950. Principle VI(c) defines crimes againsthumanity as:

Murder,extermination, enslavement, deportation, and other inhuman acts done againstany civilian population, or persecutions on political, racial or religiousgrounds, when such acts are done or such persecutions are carried out inexecution of or in connection with any crime against peace or any war crime.(UN, 1950)

Critics of the Nuremberg Principlesargued that the definition of crimes against humanity amounted both to victor'sjustice and to retroactive justice in violation of two fundamental principlesof justice: nullum crimen sine lege (nocrime without a law) and nulla poenasine crimine(no penalty without a crime). On the other hand, proponents ofthe Nuremberg Principles argued that customary international law describedcertain acts as crimes against humanity and had been within the usagesestablished among civilized nations long before the rise of Hitler's Germany.The latter arguments won out in 1945, and customary international law, as wellas international treaties, continued to affirm strongly the NurembergPrinciples into the twenty-first century.

Although the Nuremberg Tribunal clearlyenvisioned crimes against humanity as acts committed in the context of WorldWar II, subsequent developments led crimes against humanity to be viewed asindependent of the context of interstate warfare. In the early 2000s, crimesagainst humanity have been prohibited under international law regardless ofwhether they are committed in an armed conflict or whether they areinternational or internal in character. Thus, as carried forward in the RomeStatute of the International Criminal Court (ICC), crimes (such as murder)require no armed conflict but become war crimes when they meet the followingtwo thresholds: First, "the conduct was committed as part of a widespreador systematic attack, directed against a civilian population," and second,"the perpetrator knew thatthe conduct was part of or intended the conduct to be part of a widespread orsystematic attack against a civilian population" (UN, 1998). When thosethreshold elements are added to the following crimes, they become crimesagainst humanity under Article 7(1) of the Rome Statute: murder, extermination,enslavement, deportation or forcible transfer of population, imprisonment orother severe deprivation of physical liberty, torture, rape, sexualslavery,enforced prostitution, forced pregnancy, enforced sterilization, sexualviolence, persecution, enforceddisappearance, and apartheid.Finally, the Rome Statute has a catchall provision for defining other inhumaneacts as crimes against humanity. Inhumane acts involve inflicting seriousinjury to the body, causing great suffering, or endangering mental or physicalhealth. An "inhumane act" is one of a character similar to any actotherwise listed in Article 7(1) of the Rome Statute.

Although the Rome Statute of the ICCrequires an attack against a civilian population, the Statute for theInternational Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, adopted by the UN in1993, mentions only an "armed conflict, whether international or internalin character, directed against a civilian population" (UN, 1993) and theStatute for the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda requiresonly that the relevant acts be "committed in a systematic manner or on alarge scale and instigated or directed by a government or by any organizationor group" (UN, 2004).

The inclusion ofvarious sex crimes as crimes against humanity in the Rome Statute of the ICCwas a direct consequence of non-governmental organizations that advocatedeffectively on behalf of women (most notably the Women's Caucus for GenderJustice in the ICC) as frequent and persistent victims of crimes against humanity.Treating "enforced disappearances of persons" as a crime againsthumanity in the Rome Statute was a direct consequence of the disappearances ofmany people during the 1980s, perhaps most notably those that occurred inArgentina and Chile, whereas the mention of "apartheid" is a directconsequence of the racist program in South Africa that contributed the name andidentity of this crime.

Probably theworst crime against humanity is that of genocide, defined broadly as the effortto annihilate a racial, ethnic, or religious group. The association of genocidewith the Nazi regimecontributed directly to its treatment as acrime unto itself and to a separate convention, the Convention on thePrevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, which entered into force in1951.

进击的智人阿飞

【越障1-16】  计时8min 37s
主旨： crime against humanity的诞生和演变过程。 结构： inhumanity crime历史，Nuremberg principle的诞生，Nuremberg的反对， rome statute的建立，这种law在当代的变体。
讲了最早的关于inhuman crime的记载是关于奴隶制以及土耳其的大屠杀。 后来在一战后很多国家想建立一个军事法庭，对战败的德国进行非人类罪行的讨伐，但美国反对。二战后在伦敦条约的敦促下，建立了一个Nuremberg 法庭（？）以及配套的 Nuremberg principle 对纳粹和希特勒进行定罪。这个principle对非人道罪行进行了分类和定义。
Nuremberg principle的反对者则认为，早在很多年前的international law就已经对非人道罪行做了定义了，当时说：一切法律缘于犯罪，而一切犯罪始于刑罚。总之之后都还是遵循Nuremberg principle。
Nuremberg principle 还是建立在二战的背景上。
国际军事法庭的建立后，进一步有了rome statute, 它不囿于具体的某个地区背景，而是把非人道罪行扩张到了更广的范围，即满足以下两个条件，1. 非武装行动但演变成了大规模的针对公民的进攻行为的 2. 这些行动的发起者知道会演变成大规模行为的。 因为rome statute, inhuman crime进一步成为inhuman act。但是也有其他的一些军事法庭有自己的发挥，一个是认为武装军事行为才是inhuman act， 一个是认为需要是政府或者某机构的这种伤害行为才是inhuman act。
不过rome statute在当代的意义则是，将一些以前忽略的罪行考虑在内了，比如针对女性的性侵，针对少数种族的伤害，以及human disapperaing(忘了？？）。反正也将宗教迫害，政治迫害包括在内。

进击的智人阿飞

【越障1-17】
Sexualselection and evolution
My pretty maid

Aglamorous raiment sometimes helps a female bird as much as it helps a male  （798 words)

HOW the peacockgot his tail is one of natural history’s “Just So” stories that biologists liketo think they have cracked. His tail is for showing off to the ladies just howfit he and his genes are. A less-than-perfect tail means no offspring. Genesfor spectacular male tails are thus preserved and promoted over the generationsin a process that is called sexual selection.There is, though,a problem with this story. Peahens, though not as showy as cocks, are by nomeans dowdy. Their heads have fetching crests, and their necks are a beautiful,iridescent blue. Such flummery is costly to grow and likely to attractpredators. If you do not have to strut your stuff to get a mate, why do youneed it?Even moreconfusingly, in many species both sexes are equally showy—the Gouldian finchesoverleaf, for example (the female is on the right). So, though no one thinksthe theory is incorrect, as far as it goes, it clearly does not go far enough.To understand things better James Dale of Massey University, in Auckland, NewZealand, and his colleagues have therefore examined the plumage of both sexesof all 5,983 species of passerine bird (peafowl, not being passerines, are notamong them), and compared them in exquisite detail.First, the teamhad to devise a way to deal with the 11,966 types of plumage they had set outto examine. Using the “Handbook of the Birds of the World”, regarded byornithologists as the definitive work in the field, they picked six points on abird’s body (nape, crown, forehead, throat, upper breast and lower breast) andperformed a spectral analysis of each to measure how red, green and blue itwas. The average let them plot each plumage as a dot on a graph with threeaxes—red, green and blue.To translate thisinto a “showiness” score, the researchers started from the fact that, despitethe exceptions, showiness is still more a male than a female phenomenon. Theytherefore calculated, as a proxy for showiness, a “maleness” score for eachdot, regardless of which sex it represented, by counting the sexes of itsnearest 120 neighbours in the graph (ie, the nearest 1% of dots). They then ranthese scores against characteristics, such as the size of a species, itshabitat and its pattern of family life.Their firstobservation, as they report this week in Nature, was that in species where afew males monopolise all the females, with a consequent lack of male involvementin parental care, males were more colourful than females. This is what thetheory of sexual selection would predict. What it would not predict in itssimple form, though, was a second finding—that females in co-operativelybreeding species (those in which, for lack of other opportunities, severalfemales collaborate to raise the young of only one of them) are more ornamentedthan those in which all adult females have a chance of breeding. In this caseit is females who are competing for the right to reproduce, thus puttingthemselves in a more male-like position.Anotherwidespread belief Dr Dale and his colleagues confirmed is that tropical speciesare more colourful than those from temperate climes. But again, there was atwist—the effect was much more marked in females than in males. Something aboutthe tropics favours colourful females. It may be that tropical birds, whichface more intense competition for food and nesting sites than temperate ones dobecause the tropics have more species, form more stable and collaborativepair-bonds than do temperate birds. In these circumstances males also need tobe choosy, and females competitive. Selection for gaudy plumage therefore worksin both directions.The final effectthe researchers found was that big species are more colourful than small ones.That is true of both sexes, and probably reflects the fact that bigger birdsare more difficult prey and thus have less need to hide. When released from thethreat of predation, then, females tend to be gaudier. That suggests gaudinessis always good when it can be got away with (for even in a promiscuous species,pretty females are likely to be at an advantage to ugly ones)—and probablyexplains the decorated necks and heads of peahens, which are among the biggestof birds.Putting these results together, then, suggests that what is happening inthe arena of sexual selection is as much to do with females as with males. Justas females are half the world, so the conventional explanation of the peacock’stail, though not wrong, is only half the story.

进击的智人阿飞

【速度1-17】计时1
（257 words）

HaveWe Found the First Moon outside the Solar System?

Scientistssay they may have found the first moon outside our solar system.

Many planets are known to exist beyond our solar system. Butthere has been no confirmation of a moon on the outside.

The possible moon appears considerably larger than Earth and is8,000 light years away. Astronomers say the object is about the size of theplanet Neptune. It orbits a planet that is similar in size to the large planetJupiter.

Alex Teacheyand David Kipping of Columbia University recently presented their findings.

The researchers studied 284 planets discovered by NASA's KeplerSpace Telescope. Only one planet, Kepler-1625b, held promise of a possiblemoon. That planet orbits the star Kepler-1625.

Last October, the researchers aimed the Hubble Space Telescopeat the star to study the possibility of a moon nearby.

They were looking for momentary light decreases from the star.The planet itself blocks the light temporarily when it passes in front ofKepler-1625. A second lesser decrease could mean a moon was passing as well.

The astronomers observed such a sign about 3 ½ hours after theplanet passed the star.

The researchers also said that the planet passed more than anhour earlier than expected. They noted that a moon could cause the planet tohave an unpredictable path. Kipping said that is how the Earth and moon wouldappear from far away. This planet — or exoplanet — is about the same distancefrom its star as Earth is from the sun.

计时2：（289 words）

ForTeachey and Kipping, the best and simplest explanation is that Kepler-1625b hasa moon.

The observation period, however, ended before they could see themoon complete its path. To confirm the existence of the moon, the astronomershope to observe the star again next spring.

Their findings appeared in the publication ScienceAdvances .

Teachey said the discovery of the first exomoon is, in hiswords, "an extraordinary claim and it requires extraordinary evidence."He added, "We're not cracking open champagne bottlesjust yet on this one."

If it were an exomoon, it would be about 3 million kilometersfrom its own planet. The astronomers are also not sure how this possibleexomoon might have formed, given its size.

ThomasZurbuchen is an official with NASA's space science programs. He said in astatement, "If confirmed, this finding could completely shake up ourunderstanding of how moons are formed and what they can be made of.".

TheWorld's Latest Healthiest Diet

From VOALearning English, this is the Health & Lifestyle report.

In the United States, fad diets comeand go. It is sometimes hard to keep track of them all. However, one diet thatalways makes the list of healthiest is the Mediterranean Diet.

Well, now it has competition from the New Nordic Diet.

The New Nordic Diet comes from the part of Northern Europe thatincludes Finland, Norway, Iceland, Sweden and Denmark. This area is sometimescalled Scandinavia.

Diet experts at Health.com explain that the NewNordic and the Mediterranean diets are quite similar. In fact,they were compared in a 2015 study. The study found that the New Nordic Dietreduced inflammation within fat tissue. This type ofinflammation is linked to obesity-related health risks.

计时3 （252 words）

Bothdiets include lots of vegetables and fruits; whole grains; nuts and seeds; andmore seafood than meat.

However, one big difference between the two is the choice ofoil. The Mediterranean Diet uses olive oil. Olives are not grown inScandinavia. So, canola, or rapeseed, oil is more common there.

And thatleads us to the heart of the New Nordic Diet. It considers the environment andfood preparation.

It is rich in food that is local and seasonal. As much as ispossible, the New Nordic centers on fresh foods that are grown, raised orcaught where you live. What you can find in the forests -- wild mushrooms,berries and herbs -- are all important to this diet. Also found in this dietare lots of root vegetables such as parsnips, carrots and beets.

The New Nordic centers around home cooked meals. Restaurantmeals can be higher in fat and calories.

Eating better quality food but less of it is also part of thisdiet. It avoids processed foods – generally mass-produced foods that comealready cooked and packaged. It stresseseating organic foods whenever possible and creating lesswaste as we cook and eat.

The New Nordic is also an eco-friendly diet. It is more of alifestyle -- a way of living and eating -- rather than a list of foods one canor cannot eat. Because it centers around local foods, it should not besurprising that fish is a main part of the New Nordic Diet.

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Healthexperts on the Berkeley Wellness website say that people who eat fish"tend to live longer and enjoy lower risks of cardiovasculardisease." They add that eating fish may even boost aperson's brain health. Fish, they say, "contains vitamins, minerals, andother fats that may work with the omega-3s to protect the heart andoverall health."

But these experts also warn that it is important to eat theright kind of fish. Some are high in mercury. So, theyadvise eating smaller fish. They are "lower on the food chain."And if you catch the fish yourself, make sure and check with local experts tomake sure the water quality is healthy.

The website suggests that anchovies, sardines, cod, shrimp andsalmon are among the best choices. They say to avoid bigger fish such as sharkand swordfish because they contain more mercury.

Also on the BerkeleyWellness website, diet experts make other suggestions about whichfish to eat.

And that's the Health & Lifestyle report. I'm Anna Matteo.

Americans,Briton Win Nobel Chemistry Prize for ‘Directed Evolution’

TwoAmericans and one Briton have won the 2018 Nobel Prize for Chemistry fordeveloping new processes used to create drugs, chemicals and biofuels.

Frances Arnold of the California Institute of Technology willreceive half the prize, worth about $1 million. The other half will be sharedby George Smith of the University of Missouri and Gregory Winter of the MRCMolecular Biology Laboratory in Cambridge, England.

Academy: directed evolution

The Swedish Royal Academy of Sciences said Arnold used theprocesses of natural selection to create enzymes.Enzymes are complex proteins that make many chemical reactions possible.

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Theacademy described the process as being similar to biological evolution. It saidthe Nobel winners applied "the power of evolution and used the same principles–genetic change and selection – to develop proteins that solve mankind'schemical problems."

Arnold first tested her method of what has been called"directed evolution" in 1993. Others now commonly use it to createnew enzymes. These enzymes can be used in chemical processes that producemedicines. They also can be used to help create chemicals that are safe for theenvironment and to make biofuels.

New biological proteins

The other half of this year's Nobel Prize for Chemistry will beshared by George Smith and Gregory Winter.

Smith developed a method to make new biological proteins in1985. Smith's method is known as "phage display." In thisprocess, viruses that can infect bacteria, known as bacteriophages, are used toproduce new proteins that are not believed to exist in nature.

Winter used Smith's phage display method to create new kinds ofantibodies. Antibodies are proteins that help fight infection in the body.Winter's aim was to use "phage display" to make new medicines.

The first medicine based on Smith's and Winter's methods,adalimumab, also known as Humira, was approved by drug officials in 2002. It isa popular way to treat rheumatoid arthritis, some skin diseases andinflammatory bowel diseases. The drug is also costly, creating billions ofdollars in sales around the world.

The academy says, in recent years, the phage display method hascreated antibodies able to do a wide number of health-related tasks. Newlycreated antibodies can make some poisonous substances safe, fight autoimmune diseasesand even cure some forms of cancer.

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BenedictFu19

进击的智人阿飞 发表于 2018-10-4 14:25
【越障1-15】 计时 9Min 33s
主旨： 探究政治不稳定因素对企业投资的影响，以及家庭企业对待此影响的不同表 ...

LZ请问回忆越障文章内容的时候，不回视的话怎么能回忆起这么多内容的，我读的速度还行，5分钟读完了，但是只记住了第一段说的好像是“政治的不稳定性因素会影响企业投资”这个说法的提出，后面两段分别从政治不稳定对企业和个人家庭的影响不同（减少企业投资和个人家庭受影响不大），最后一段是总结结论。回忆不出这么多细节，请问越障训练需要回忆到什么程度呢？