几道GWD求答疑

穆汐寒

昨天做的一套错的稀里哗啦惨不忍睹搞得我一整天心情都不好TAT但还是想把错的都搞懂

In one state, all cities and most towns have antismoking ordinances, a petition entitled “Petition for Statewide Smoking Restriction” is being circulated to voters by campaign workers who ask only, “Do you want to sign a petition for statewide smoking restriction?” The petition advocates a state law banning smoking in most retail establishments and in government offices that are open to the public.
Which of the following circumstances would make the petition as circulated misleading to voters who understand the proposal as extending the local ordinances statewide?

A.        Health costs associated with smoking cause health insurance premiums to rise for everyone and so affect nonsmokers.
B.        In rural areas of the state, there are relatively few retail establishments and government offices that are open to the public.
C.        The state law would supersede the local antismoking ordinances, which contain stronger bans than the state law does.
D.        There is considerable sentiment among voters in most areas of the state for restriction of smoking.
E.        The state law would not affect existing local ordinances banning smoking in places where the fire authorities have determined that smoking would constitute a fire hazard.

这题。。对不起我没太懂。。

穆汐寒

In the years following an eight-cent increase in the federal tax on a pack of cigarettes, sales of cigarettes fell ten percent. In contrast, in the year prior to the tax increase, sales had fallen one percent. The volume of cigarette sales is therefore strongly related to the after-tax price of a pack of cigarettes.
The argument above requires which of the following assumptions?

A.        During the year following the tax increase, the pretax price of a pack of cigarettes did not increase by as much as it had during the year prior to the tax increase.
B.        The one percent fall in cigarette sales in the year prior to tax increases was due to a smaller tax increase.
C.        The pretax price of a pack of cigarettes gradually decreased throughout the year before and the year after the tax increase.
D.        For the year following the tax increase, the pretax price of a pack of cigarettes was not eight or more cents lower than it had been the previous year.
E.        As the after-tax price of a pack of cigarettes rises, the pretax price also rises.

答案是D，我选的是A，是否是我没搞明白这个税后价和税前价之间的关系？

穆汐寒

Scientists typically do their most creative work before the age of forty. It is commonly thought that this happens because aging by itself brings about a loss of creative capacity. However, a study has found that almost all scientists who produce highly creative work beyond the age of forty entered their fields late and less than a dozen years before their creative breakthroughs. Since creative breakthroughs by scientists under forty also generally occur within a dozen years of the scientists’ entry into the field, the study’s finding strongly suggests that the real reason why scientists over forty rarely produce highly creative work is not due to age but rather because most have spent too long in their fields.
In the argument given, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?
A.        The first is the position that the argument as a whole depends; the second is evidence that is advanced as part of that evidence.
B.        The first and second are both claims that have been advanced in support of a position that the argument as a whole opposes.
C.        The first is an explanation that the argument challenges; the second provides evidence in support of a competing explanation that the argument defends.
D.        The first is an explanation that the argument challenges; the second is evidence that has been used against an alternative explanation that the argument defends.
E.        The first is an explanation that the argument defends; the second is evidence that has been used to challenge that explanation.

最让我无语的是这道。。我记得我以前做过但是当时没错诶，但是昨晚看了好久都不能理解，我觉得我可能是中邪了
先说下我的思路：首先这两个都是事实，并且逻辑关系是反向的吧。于是我就很干脆的选了E。。。
没选C的理由是，a competing explanation that the argument defends，是说文章反对的另外一种解释？这里面就两种观点（也就是对这个问题的两种解释）吧，一个是argument的，另一个是它反对的common one，那个competing explanation在哪里。。。

Fiona09

第一题是有些争议的一道题，http://forum.chasedream.com/thread-839725-1-1.html 楼主参考研究吧

穆汐寒

Some species of Arctic birds are threatened by recent sharp increases in the population of snow geese, which breed in the Arctic and are displacing birds of less vigorous species.  Although snow geese are a popular quarry for hunters in the southern regions where they winter, the hunting season ends if and when hunting has reduced the population by five percent, according to official estimates.  Clearly, dropping this restriction would allow the other species to recover.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the argument?
A.        Hunting limits for snow geese were imposed many years ago in response to a sharp decline in the population of snow geese.
B.        It has been many years since the restriction led to the hunting season for snow geese being closed earlier than the scheduled date.
C.        The number of snow geese taken by hunters each year has grown every year for several years.
D.        As their population has increased, snow geese have recolonized wintering grounds that they had not used for several seasons.
E.        In the snow goose’s winter habitats, the goose faces no significant natural predation.

想知道B是如何削弱的？D错在哪里？dropping this restriction是说要取消restriction的意思吗？

lisiberry

。。

lisiberry

太谢谢楼主了 感觉分享的题很经典。第一题我不太会 等研究明白了再来告诉你。

RRZZR

这题基本上都是对于英文concept的理解。
最重要的概念就是misleading，字典里的解释”giving the wrong idea or impression”，那你就找一个和题目里说的和”禁烟”背道而驰的condition，即“有可能不禁，或禁的弱了”的condition
C说petition里说的 state law会取代local ordinance （说明local ordinance和state law就是从属关系） ，而且local ordinances比state law严格。那也就是state law会使禁令“禁的弱了”，符合misleading，选C

RRZZR

穆汐寒 发表于 2017-3-2 17:14
In the years following an eight-cent increase in the federal tax on a pack of cigarettes, sales of c ...

你认为的pre-tax和after-tax之间的关系是什么样的〉？

RRZZR

穆汐寒 发表于 2017-3-2 17:17
Scientists typically do their most creative work before the age of forty. It is commonly thought tha ...

because aging by itself brings about a loss of creative capacity.是作者要反对的观点。
is not due to age but rather because most have spent too long in their fields.是作者自己要支持的观点。

在文章的语境里，competing explanation不是说compete with author's own explanation，而是compete with the previous explanation(第一个黑体字)