逻辑错题帖~~

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39. Quasars---celestial objects so far away that theirlight takes at least 500 million years to reach Earth---have been seen since1963. For anything that far away to appear from Earth the way quasars do, itwould have to burn steadily at a rate that produces more light than 90 billionsuns would produce. But nothing that burns at a rate that produces that muchlight could exist for more than about 100 million years.

If the statements above are true, which one of thefollowing must also be true on the basis of them?

A.     Instrumentsin use before 1963 were not sensitive enough to permit quasars to be seen.

B.      Lightfrom quasars first began reaching Earth in 1963.

C.      Anythingthat from Earth appears as bright as a quasar does must produce more light thanwould be produced by 90 billion suns.

D.     Nothingthat is as far from Earth as quasars are can continue to exist for more thanabout 100 million years.

E.      Noquasar that has ever been seen from Earth exists any longer.

答案：E

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思路：
A：可能足够sensative，只是没有观察到而已。
B：同样只是没有观察到而已。
C：没有定义与地球的距离。
D：没有定义亮度
E：原文实际认为现在看到的来自Quasars的光是500万年前发出的。而在400万年前这些类星体就已经燃尽不存在了。

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41. Raymond Burr played the role of lawyer Perry Mason on television. Burr’s death in 1993 prompted a prominent lawyer to say “Although not a lawyer, Mr. Burr strove for such authenticity that we feel as if we lost one of our own.” This comment from a prestigious attorney provides appalling evidence that, in the face of television, even some legal professionals are losing their ability to distinguish fiction from reality.

The reasoning in the argument is flawed because the argument

A.        takes the views of one lawyer to represent the views of all lawyers
B.        criticizes the lawyer rather than the lawyer’s statement
C.        presumes that the lawyer is qualified to evaluate the performance of an actor
D.        focuses on a famous actor’s portrayal of a lawyer rather than on the usual way in which lawyers are portrayed on television
E.        ignores the part of the lawyer’s remark that indicates an awareness of the difference between reality and fiction
答案：E

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The lawyer says: "Although not a lawyer, Mr. Burr strove for such authenticity that we feel as if we lost one of our own.”

It clearly shows when the lawyer states the above words, he knows that Mr. Burr was only an actor. So his claim of Mr. Burr as one of them is only a way to praise  the actor, but not to accept him as a colleague.

Hence, A B C D have nothing to do with the  argument that "some legal professionals are losing their ability to distinguish fiction from reality". In other words, ABCD are irrelevant.

Therefore, the only correct answer is E.

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43. Zoos have served both as educational resources and as entertainment. Unfortunately, removing animals from their natural habitats to stock the earliest zoos reduced certain species’ populations, endangering their survival. Today most new zoo animals are obtained from captive breeding programs, and many zoos now maintain breeding stocks for continued propagation of various species. This makes possible efforts to reestablish endangered species in the wild.
Which one of the following statements is most strongly supported by the information above?
A.        Zoos have played an essential role in educating the public about endangered species.
B.        Some specimens of endangered species are born and bred in zoos.
C.        No zoos exploit wild animals or endanger the survival of species.
D.        Nearly all of the animals in zoos today were born in captivity.
E.        The main purpose of zoos has shifted from entertainment to education.
参考答案：B

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思路：
前提：指出动物园作为教育和娱乐两种目的，但是把动物从大自然装到笼子里减少了一些物种的数量，危及了他们的生存。
假设：现在大多数动物园的动物是通过俘获和饲养得到的，动物园通过此使稀有物种繁殖，从而使自然界的稀有物种能够有效的维持。
A.        文章没有提到，而且与所问的问题没太多相关性。
B.        正确。可以从文章中得到支持。
C.        The sentence can not be reached by the passage, actually it is the opposite. From the passage we know that in the past certain species are reduced.  
D.        说的是所有的动物，与文章新产生的动物most new zoo animals are obtained from captive breeding programs，范围不一致
E.        文章没有提到这一点。

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47. High school students who feel that they are not succeeding in school often drop out before graduating and go to work. Last year, however, the city’s high school dropout rate was significantly lower than the previous year’s rate. This is encouraging evidence that the program instituted two years ago to improve the morale of high school students has begun to take effect to reduce dropouts.

Which one of the following, if true about the last year, most seriously weakens the argument?

A.        There was a recession that caused a high level of unemployment in the city.
B.        The morale of students who dropped out of high school had been low even before they reached high school.
C.        As in the preceding year, more high school students remained in school than dropped out.
D.        High schools in the city established placement offices to assist their graduates in obtaining employment.
E.        The antidropout program was primarily aimed at improving students’ morale in those high schools with the highest dropout rates.
答案：A

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The passage puts forward a phenomenon that last year, however, the city’s high school dropout rate was significantly lower than the previous year’s rate; the passage attributes the phenomenon to the explanation that there is some program and the program helps the students’ morale. However if there are other reasons that could explain that mentioned phenomenon, the argument will be seriously weakened.
Choice A, by pointing out that a recession caused a high level of unemployment in the city, explains the phenomenon clearly. Furthermore, Choice A negates the effects of the so-called morale program. The students stay in the school not because they want to, but because they cannot find jobs so they have to stay.  
Choice B has nothing to do with the reasoning in the passage because the passage does not deal with anything about the students before they join high school.
Choice C deals with the students remain in high school. However the passage discusses about students who dropped out.
Choice D clarifies what the program did about helping the students. This does not weaken the argument in the passage.
Choice E, just as D, only tells about the content of the program, does not weaken the argument.

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Questions 49-50
Joseph: My encyclopedia says that the mathematician Pierre de Fermat died in 1665 without leaving behind any written proof for a theorem that he claimed nonetheless to have proved. Probably this alleged theorem simply cannot be proved, since---as the article points out---no one else has been able to prove it. Therefore it is likely that Fermat was either lying or else mistaken when he made his claim.
Laura: Your encyclopedia is out of date. Recently someone has in fact proved Fermat’s theorem. And since the theorem is provable, your claim---that Fermat was lying or mistaken---clearly is wrong.

49. Joseph’s statement that “this alleged theorem simply cannot be proved” plays which one of the following roles in his argument?

A.        an assumption for which no support is offered
B.        a subsidiary conclusion on which his argument’s main conclusion is based
C.        a potential objection that his argument anticipates and attempts to answer before it is raised
D.        the principle claim that his argument is structured to refute
E.        background information that neither supports nor undermines his argument’s conclusion
答案：B

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Joseph的论证过程
EVIDENCE1：百科全书说：P宣称已证明某理论，但没有留下任何书面证据。（My encyclopedia says …….have proved.）
EVIDENCE2：没有人能够证明（since…. prove it）
Mid Conclusion：P没有证明他的理论。(EVIDENCE支持得到的中间结论)
Conclusion：P说谎或他的CLAIM错。（由EVIDENCE1和Mid Conclusion得到）