逻辑错题帖~~

xyxyxy_123

双胞胎一模一样。有一个s，得s的大脑要小于他哥哥。两个都不得就不会这样。所以大脑的物理结构导致了s
削弱：得了s 后会影响大脑发育，大脑变小
加强：除了大脑的物理结构，其他原因不会导致s
原文：If one schizophrenic，then one smaller。If neither schizophrenic, then no difference. Conclusion: damage to physical structure cause schizophrenic
核心词：schizophrenic  注意：比较是在twin中进行的
我的习惯是从下到上地看选项。
E 无关项
D 原文没有的信息
C扩大了比较范围
A 扩大了比较范围
B ETS最爱：无他因

xyxyxy_123

The brains of identical twins are genetically identical. When only one of a pair of identical twins is a schizophrenic, certain areas of the affected twin’s brain are smaller than corresponding areas in the brain of the unaffected twin. No such differences are found when neither twin is schizophrenic. Therefore, this discovery provides definitive evidence that schizophrenia is caused by damage to the physical structure of the brain.
103. If the statements on which the conclusion above is based are all true, each of the following could be true EXCEPT:

A.        People who lack a genetic susceptibility for the disease will not develop schizophrenia
B.        Medications can control most of the symptoms of schizophrenics share many of the characteristics found in those of people without the disorder
C.        The brains of schizophrenics share many of the characteristics found in those of people without the disorder
D.        It will eventually be possible to determine whether or not someone will develop schizophrenia on the basis of genetic information alone
E.        Brain abnormalities associated with schizophrenia are the result of childhood viral infections that inhibit the development of brain cells

xyxyxy_123

答案：C
题干： could be true,  EXCEPT = must be false (按照老管的方法，找最确定的)
people without disorder 讨论范围错误（我自己想的，可能有误，欢迎指正）

xyxyxy_123

105. A survey of alumni of the class of 1960 at Aurora University yielded puzzling results. When asked to indicate their academic rank, half of the respondents reported that they were in the top quarter of the graduating class in 1960.

Which one of the following most helps account for apparent contradiction above?

A.        A disproportionately large number of high ranking alumni responded to the survey.
B.        Few, if any, respondents were mistaken about their class rank.
C.        Not all the alumni who were actually in the top quarter responded to the survey.
D.        Almost all of the alumni who graduated in 1960 responded to the survey.
E.        Academic rank at Aurora University was based on a number of considerations in addition to average grades.

xyxyxy_123

107. Because of the recent transformation of the market, Quore, Inc., must increase the next two years, or it will certainly go bankrupt. In fact, however, Quore’s production structure is such that if a 10 percent productivity increase is possible, then a 20 percent increase is attainable.

If the statements above are true, which one of the following must on the basis of them also be true?

A.        It is only Quore’s production structure that makes it possible for Quore to survive the transformation of the market.
B.        Quore will not go bankrupt if it achieves a productivity increase of 20 percent over the next two years.
C.        If the market had not been transformed, Quore would have required no productivity increase in order to avoid bankruptcy.
D.        Because of the transformation of the market, Quore will achieve a productivity increase of 10 percent over the next two years.
E.        If a 20 percent productivity increase is unattainable for Quore, then it must go bankrupt.

xyxyxy_123

xyxyxy_123 发表于 2016-5-25 17:23
105. A survey of alumni of the class of 1960 at Aurora University yielded puzzling results. When ask ...

P: Half of the respondents responded that they are in top quarter of their class.

The only way this can be true is if most of the respondents to the survey are high-ranking.

Say there are 100 members and 25 members were surveyed.

If 20 of them responded that they were in top quarter of the class, this means that a higher proportion of the respondents were high-ranking.

A is the answer.

C actually doesn't explain the paradox.

xyxyxy_123

xyxyxy_123 发表于 2016-5-25 17:30
107. Because of the recent transformation of the market, Quore, Inc., must increase the next two yea ...

【正确答案】E
【解题思路】
本题的类型是归纳类，即如果原文正确，可以得出什么结论或推出什么。
可简化题干的表述为：
①transformation of the market（A）→Q increase its production（B）
②Q not increase its production（非B）→Q will go bankrupt（C）
选项A的表述为：Q’s production structure→Q will not go bankrupt（非C），无法从题干中推出。
选项B的表述为：Q increase production（B）→Q will not go bankrupt（非C），为②的逆命题， 不成立（原命题与其逆否命题等价）。
选项C的表述为：market had not been transformed（非A）→Q will not need to increase its production（非B），为①的逆命题， 不成立（原命题与其逆否命题等价）。
选项D的表述为：transformation of the market（A）→Q will achieve a productivity increase，无法从题干中推出。
选项E的表述为：Q not increase production（非B）→Q will go bankrupt（C），与②一致。