[原创]还有27天制定了计划，请大家帮我看看！

zx_nju

以下是引用ProteinMonica在2005-9-27 0:34:00的发言：
晕阿，这么多条条框框觉得实用吗？做CR，一般来说“无关”，就可以解决90%以上的，剩下的就是ETS特有的，比如题干A先于B,weaken, B先于A等等，但偶是怎么也想不通的，姑且先接受吧

ProteinMM,你好，“题干A先于B,weaken, B先于A”是怎么解释啊，我被糊涂了。我正在琢磨cr，所以请你务必多多指教。对了，要谢谢你的支持。如果有可能的话，以请你吃饭作为答谢。呵呵！

zx_nju

如何改进cr呢?

zx_nju

逻辑题：

     

     读原文时，考虑这句是什么（fact,idea,principle）,作什么用（backgroud,premise, evidence,conclusion）。理出：前提----结论（前提）------结论 关系。或者 因为这个―――导致那个―――又导致另外一个。经过这样的抽象，将原文简化。

       确定结论在哪（一般在句首，句尾）。

    边读选项，边判断选项是否无关。若无关就排除。排除时，在纸上记下来。

      

       结论提示词：therefore/yet/since/because/however/would be/must/may/relatively/if any /probably

       根据问题的类型，思考是归纳还是演绎（假设，支持，消弱，评价），还是评价，句子作用，填空，逻辑错误，逻辑类比等等。采用不同的标准找答案，并验证。

       关注：推理范围的变化。（most,all,only,must,cantnot等等）

      

       演绎中因果关系，有固定套路（排不排它因；拆还是建因果联系）

       前提结论中的联系，建立联系,弥补差异（gap）。

       简单猜题原则：support（充分条件形式），assumption(原文和答案的出不出现绝对化一致，一般用判断句。) 原文有比较，答案也有比较。

       消弱前提或证据，与消弱充分条件，是不同的。

      

       归纳要注意推理范围的变化。

   

    逻辑关系：前提（evidence）――结论 , 原因――――结果。

       读题时要思考原文的论证结构，哪是前提，那是结论，那是原因，那时结果。

    读句子时还要看句子的主干（主谓宾）。

       验证方法：取非，正向，双向。

zx_nju

rc简单思路

    注意ets文章的套路,就是拿出个什么东西,然后评论下,批来批去.

     套路:体会启(提出),承(发展,解释),转(态度变化,新观点,批评,反驳),合(总结,作者态度,更为完善的方案).

     读,从开始要anticipated the change，感觉出作者行文即将发生的变化。把信息简化，随着逻辑的思路走。归纳每段的观点.知道那些是backgroud,evidence,premise,conclusion.知道论证结构,论述过程,掌握作者思路.  

     看内容:是提出一种现象并解释,还是提出一个观点并举例说明,还是提出流行观点然后质疑, 并提出新观点.还是提出一个问题，给出解决方法。如果是反驳, 反驳的是理论还是支持此理论的事例或实验? 作者对所提出的这些观点抱什么态度.      

     最后一段往往包括作者的观点和态度.

    读完后以最快的速度扫读每段首句.

     

起承转合(usually,once, moreover, although, but, yet, however, thus, because, so, would be better if …)

注意的以下语言现象,读懂并记住.

    Traditionally, usually, many XXX believe, it’s frequently assume that

     be, remain+adj

    problem,puzzle,challenge

   

        exaggerate, fail to do something, overestimate, underestimate, violate, ignore     两个逗号间的为作者态度词. …,discretely,…    misrepresent, misinterpret

          seem, appear, looks like, perhaps

         view,propose,argu

    of cause, certainly, undoubted, although, even, however,  you may object, you may reply, it is true/it is correct/ of course, no doubt/without doubt/undoubtedly,still

     example,. contrary to ,like, unlike,引号“”,比喻，列举illuminate

     only、especially、neither…nor….,rather than,more more.

     unlike, contrast, on the other hand, on the contrary;

     before,  prior to, in, (until) recently

     although/though, while  
     but, yet, however  
     in fact, actually, indeed，practically, virtually

     nevertheless, nonetheless

     despite, in  spite of

     rather,   instead  
   

     because (of), since, for, 冒号或分号

     thus, hence ,therefore  
     conclude, conclusion, conclusive, consequent(ly), consequence  
     result in, result from, lead to, lie in  

     for example，for instance

     first.last   always, never  foremost,  uttermost  
     only, sole, exclusive, alone  , unique

      more/less…than（与其……不如说……）, have…to do with…, as…as,  the same as,  similar to   
      surprizingly, ironically, unfortunately, paradoxically  

      not but, either or;until；the result of …

      defined as,expressed as

遍读问题,遍得到定位标志.

遍读选项,判断是否无关,排除掉无关.排除不符合原文事实.是否贴近原文focus

根据不同题型,要定位就定位,改写或取非.

zx_nju

sc简单思路

   读题,理解逻辑意思,注意画线部分,前3词，后3词，然后再中间 ，

   先正确性[句子结构完整吗,符不符合惯用法,有没有出现绝对错误,有没有ets preference,平行,比较,主谓一致,逻辑主语,时态,代词],后有效性{逻辑意思合适吗,逻辑搭配是否合理,歧义,小词的区别}.比较选项的优先级.

       判断句子变化的标准.不要局限于公理.公里有时有用,有时没用.一定要具体问题具体分析。

         要注意句子的逻辑含义.比较是否对等,逻辑主语合适吗,主谓,动宾,名词形容词是否搭配.逻辑意思合理吗.

         

正确表达: dangling悬挂, misplaced位置错误, improperly formed modifiers不恰当的修饰, unidiomatic不合习惯, inconsistent expressions不一致的表达, faults in parallel construction平行结构的错误.

有效表达: superfluous words多余的词, needlessly complicated expressions不必要的复杂表达.

验证:语法, choice of words选词, sentence construction.句子结构, awkwardness笨拙(句子不够简洁), ambiguity含糊不明确(歧义), redundancy冗余, grammatical error语法错误.

惯用法分类整理(to,of等),记住.

       最难点：指代,修饰歧义,修饰不当,句子逻辑含义,逻辑搭配,effective

       把信息简化，看透出题思路。ETS考的语法是要比较出结果的，而不是一个死的规则.

ranran41500

写了这么多～～辛苦哦

来给你加油啦：）

zx_nju

谢谢!

zx_nju

今天初初将惯用法分类：

Ø         To关

be believed to be

be estimated to be

be expected to

attribute A to B; B is attributed to A

introduce into

in an attempt to

known to do sth/known to be sth/known as sth;/known for sth

the extent to which

threaten to do

allow sth to be done/sb to do sth

allow to

permit sb to do

appear to do /be

contribute to sth/doing sth

effort to do sth

help to do/help do; be helpful in doing

be native to

in contrast with/to

plan to do/on doing

the proposal to do/propose to do

allocate sth to sb/sth for sth/sth sth.

aim at/to do

damage to sth/damage sth

reversion to sth

take sb sth to do sth

lead sb to do

call sth to consider

looking to sb to do sth

make it adj. to do

try to do sth努力做... ;  try doing尝试做..

Ø         of关

the cost to sb of doing sth; cost sb sth in sth

the use of sth to do sth

with the intention of doing

aid in doing sth/with the aid of sb/in aid of sth/aid to do

he importance of sth/doing sth

be capable of doing sth/the capability of doing sth/the possibility of doing /be able to do sth/the ability to do sth/

be capable of being done/be able/unable to be done] are wrong

be necessary to do/the necessity of doing/sth

in danger of

be responsible to sb/for doing sth/sth

the necessity of sth

the consequence of

distinction of being doing

diminish[不能用impede] the possibility of doing sth

a method of doing sth/to do

the chance of doing

At the invitation of sb[在某人的邀请之下]

Ø         虚拟关

admit that SVO/admit to sth

demand that s v o; [‘demand s to do’ is wrong.]

it is hoped that

on condition that +subjunctive mood or past tense

it is important that A be[subjunctive mood] B

advocate/advise/move/recommend that

order/decree/mandate/command/demand that

request/require/insist that

sth require of sb that…do

Ø         平行关

distinguish between A and B/ distinguish A from B

consider n1 n2 regard x as y

make sth. sth

cite A as an instance of B; for instance

substitute A for B

both A and B

mistake A for B.

depict sth as sth/ as if SVO

define as , as (介词)＋n. ,

the same as/that

think of A as B

supply for sth

just as SVO, so SVO

the rivalry between A and B; rival A and B;A rival B for sth.

break with sb in sth

on comparison of A with B

use sth as/to do sth

connection between A and B

increase between A and B; increase of A to B

A and B alike

suggest A as B

does more than do

each…the other…

One A for every Bs

not…so much A as B

determined and differing（and连接的并列后置修饰语），一个为被动，一个为主动

use x as y

forbid noun by ,forbid to do，

suggest  as

perceive  as

Ø         结构关

‘,’ +who; prep+whom

，if not most，

n1, not n2

A is to B what C is to D

be % more/less likely to do…than to do…

as+adj.+ a/an+as, as  + 形容词 + 冠词+ 名词+as 是习惯搭配用法

A is the reason why

the reason [why]（可省略，虽然og说不能但她自己都省过）SVO

Ø         死记硬背关

be intended on/up (doing) sth

impact on/upon

have difficult in

if only because[这里only不是强语气词]

all things adj/all the adj things

all kinds of+ n +verb(和n匹配)

all of which [can not be ‘of which all’]

forbid sth/doing sth; prohibit sb from doing sth

credit[v] sb with having done/the credit[n] to sb for having done

rates for(when ‘rates’ means prices charge)

economical 节俭的,economic经济的

rates for(价格，费用) ,rates（速率） of

great numbers, more +n.

restitution for

recoup sth/recoup sb for sth

make up for

in the coming month

at a time when/ the period when/since 1898 when / the year that / an age in which/ the way in which/ phenomenon in which/ the next time + 句子

than anticipated

A be done that

namely that SVO

be/have/give grounds for

alliance and treaties[必须一起出现]

possibility that…/likelihood that用一般将来时

SVO at once[at once的位置]

S V1 O1, then V2 O2

make do without

whatever sth(v is unnecessary and can be omit)

that is[表示那就是说,不能用which means]

sth prove adj

dispute over sth

at speed

skill in/at doing sth

date back to/date from sth/ the date of

go unnoticed

at a disvantage

said that +V[用一般现在是哦]

even as = just as

carry on as [position]

target at

share sth with sb

on surface; at pole/line

effective中，词的区别要符合句子逻辑。

携隐

LZ,CR可以试试看OG的解释，按照逻辑区lawyer的分类，将每种题型，反复看OG解释，期间先不要试图自己总结套路，反复跟着ETS的思路走，看看自己想的到底跟ETS差在哪里。总结完后，应该会有明显提高的。

zx_nju

谢谢携隐前辈的指点！