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allgmat

比较结构待熟悉知识点：SC难错题集
第一部分：语法总结－new1
一.prep2-34 讨论帖http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_SC/thread-336111-1-1.html
Besides adding complementary flavors to many foods, hot sauces stimulate the release of endorphins in the brain, just as exercise does, and these have a pain-relieving effect like morphine's.
hot sauces stimulate the release of endorphins in the brain, just as exercise does, and these have a pain-relieving effect like morphine's
hot sauces stimulate the release of endorphins in the brain, like exercise, and they have a pain-relieving effect that is like morphine
hot sauces and exercise both stimulate the release of endorphins in the brain, and they have a pain-relieving effect like morphine
the release of endorphins in the brain is stimulated both by hot sauces and exercise, and they have a pain-relieving effect like morphine's
the release of endorphins in the brain is stimulated by hot sauces, just as with exercise, and these have a pain-relieving effect like that of morphine
Key：A。
小结：
除非很明显，this\these不能单独指代，要补出后面的名词。
they指代前面出现的对象，these指代离它最近的对象，指代都要满足逻辑符合，主谓一致的要求。
当they前出现两个以上主谓符合的对象时，视其为指代不清。而these前出现两个以上主谓符合的对象时，可以就近指代，比they更佳。
二，not so much that… as that…与其说…不如说…，形式平行，常见的错误用法
有：not so much their…as much as that; not so as…as much as; not so much… so much as，
且前后不平行。

三，连词 while 引导时间状语从句，有时可有成分省略（通常是在从句与主句的主语相同时，也可以说连
词引起一个单词或短语，如跟形容词、介词短语或现在分词等）。
而 but 是没有这种用法的。再者，but 表示转折含义。
A recent poll indicates that many people in the United States hold a combination of conservative
and liberal political views; i.e., they denounce big government, saying government is doing too
much and has become too powerful, while at the same time supporting many specific government
programs for health care, education, and the environment.
while doing sth,在doing主语和句子主语一致的情况下是正确的。
A recent poll indicates that many people in the United States hold a combination of conservative
and liberal political views; i.e., they denounce big government, saying government is doing too
much and has become too powerful, while at the same time supporting many specific government
programs for health care, education, and the environment.

四.but后面本来是应该加句子的，但是在主语相同的情况下可以省略主语。e
After several years of rapid growth, the health care company became one of the largest health care providers in the metropolitan area, while it then proved unable to handle the increase in business, falling months behind in its payment to doctors and hospitals.
while it then proved unable to handle the increase in business, falling months behind in its payment to
while it then proved unable to handle the increase in business and fell months behind in its payment to
but then it proved unable to handle the increase in business, falling months behind in its paying
but then proving unable to handle the increase in business, falling months behind in paying  
but then proved unable to handle the increase in business, falling months behind in paying

OG10-62
Geologists believe that the warning signs for a major earthquake may include sudden fluctuations in local seismic activity, tilting and other deformations of the Earth's crust, changing the measured strain across a fault zone, and varying the electrical properties of underground rocks.
changing the measured strain across a fault zone and varying
changing measurements of the strain across a fault zone, and varying
changing the strain as measured across a fault zone, and variations of
changes in the measured strain across a fault zone, and variations in
changes in measurements of the strain across a fault zone, and variations among
Answer to Question 62
D, the best choice, describes the warning signs in parallel phrases. Despite surface appearances, the nouns changes and variations are parallel with tilting, but the verbal forms changing and varying in A, B, and C are not: tilting, one of the deformations of the Earth's crust, is used here as a noun that is parallel to fluctuations, whereas changing and varying are used as verbs indicating some action undertaken.
Moreover, these verbs are used incorrectly because the sentence mentions no subject that is performing these actions. B and E illogically state that it is not the strain but the measurements that portend danger, and among in E wrongly suggests a comparison of different electrical properties rather than of different behaviors of the same properties.
？在这个句子中用it排除其他选项，但是这里while和but可以替换吗？

五.sth is sth是一种平行结构,其中sth和sth一定要能够对应,平行 the best way to … is to…
84. One legacy of Madison Avenue's recent campaign to appeal to people fifty years old and over
is the realization that as a person ages. their concerns change as well.
(A) the realization that as a person ages, their
(B) the realization that as people age, their
(C) to realize that when a person ages, his or her
(D) to realize that when people age, their  
(E) realizing that as people age, their
？正确选项是？选B？能名词legacy平行的只能是名词realization，而不能是to do

六.介词短语的平行，前后必须加介词。
not only within the group but also with outsiders.

七.一些常见习语中的比较：
习惯用语（idiom）
just as A do, so B do平行比较结构的习惯搭配：意思是：就如同A…B…
*: 这里的as是不能用like,whereas的。而且like…so…不符合搭配习惯，应该去掉so…
*: just as with和just like都是很wordy的
2.  下面三种形式无区别（后两种强烈语气，不可以随意删掉so）前后都要用句子，不能只用短语。
Just as … , so …    Just as you sow, so you will reap       主从句要尽量形式对称
Just as … , as …    Just as you sow, as you will reap       主从句要尽量形式对称
Just as … , so too … 主句要部分倒装(so too后是主句)     Just as you sow, so too will you reap
so with是错误结构。(prep 1-15)
as with的结构在日常语法中是对的(意思为“正如……的情况一样”， 看作是as is the same with的省略式，with 后面常跟名词、动名词或what从句)：
(1) As with other forward contracts, the cash settlement amount is the amount necessary to compensate the party who would be disadvantaged by the actual change in market rates as of the settlement date.
(2) As with most diseases and disasters, the young suffer the most.
就像大部分的疾病和灾难一样，最遭罪的是年轻人。
(3) As with drawing a picture, you should be patient and careful in doing this job.
正如画画一样，你应该耐心并且认真做这项工作。
(4) As with what I said, he failed again.
正如我所说的，他又一次失败了。
但用于GMAT语法中，需要有其他结构与之平行:
大全938. With diamonds, as with all gems, you should ask for a written description of your purchase; the description may prove useful later if you have reason to believe the jeweler misled you.
单纯的as with the case + prep. (of/with/in) + sth.结构错误，应该用as is the case + prep. (of/with/in) + sth.
prep 1-39 As is the case with traditional pharmacies, prescriptions are the cornerstone of a successful on-line drugstore, since it is primarily prescriptions that attract the customers, who then also buy other health related items.
in the same way that…, as/so…也是错误结构
like…, so/as…也是错误结构：like的比较必须是严格对称的
一个类似just as的结构—by aeoluseros
what = just as,意为“恰像，犹如，好比”用作连词,引导比较状语从句
(1) 惯用句式是：A is to B what C is to D. 意为“A对B而言正如C对D一样”例如：
Air is to us What water is to fish.  空气对于我们犹如水对于鱼。(介词to表示两者的关系)
(2)        也有“A is for B what C is for D.”句式。例如：
Poultry is for the cook what canvas is for the paint. 厨师离不了家禽正如画家离不开画布一样。（介词for表示“供…使用”）
(3)        what 引导的从句也可以放在句首,其句式是: What C is to D, that A is to B.(= A is to B what C is to D.)
在这一结构中，喻体在前，主体在后，相当于“just as...,so...”结构,意思也是“A对B而言正如C对D一样”例如:
What blood vessel is to a man's body, that railway is to transportation.（=Just as blood vessel is to a man's body, so Railway is to transportation.）铁路对于运输,好比血管对于人体一样。
(4)        需要注意的是what不可以直接被just as替换，just as需要有遵循属于自己的平行比较格式。
        如下题OG12-58：
A leading figure in the Scottish Enlightenment, Adam Smith’s two major books are to democratic capitalism what Marx’s Das Kapital is to socialism.
(A) Adam Smith’s two major books are to democratic capitalism what
(B) Adam Smith’s two major books are to democratic capitalism like
(C) Adam Smith’s two major books are to democratic capitalism just as
(D) Adam Smith wrote two major books that are to democratic capitalism similar to
(E) Adam Smith wrote two major books that are to democratic capitalism what
？正确选项E？
as with the case 错，as is the case对。
八. 比较中出现it要特别小心！！！！
as be the case比较结构，case表示situation、状况，是个概括性的词汇，具有相当的灵活性，而
“状况”一词在不同的语境中可以有不同的解释。正是由于case一词的这种灵活性，所以经常被用
于比较句中。
As with…为错误的表达法,as is the case with 为正确表达，且其后需有系表结构与其平行。
九，几个永远错误的形式：
(1)produce double； a doubling of;   produce a doubling
(2)as much as twice the apples(much与apples矛盾)（要改为twice as many apples as; sth. double sth.）
*：这几个动词可以用主动也可以用被动，但是不能和as搭配;（差不多记住这句话就可以）
3、…times(或数字) as + 形容词或副词+as;
4、sb. be + 百分数 + more likely (to do sth.) than to do sth.(前面的to do 能省，后面的不能省)
   如：at least fifty percent less likely than those who are sedentary to die of a heart attack
十，similar to放在句首永远错,应该用Like替换
十一，倍数的表达
1)twice as many...as; twice as much...as; twice + the + n.; twice + what 从句
2)用动词表达数 double, triple, quadruple, quintuple,        可用主动语态,也可以用被动语态,但不能和
as 搭配，因这些词本身就含了as 的意思在里面。
3)...times(或数字) + as +        形容词或副词 + as...或…times the + n
4) sb. be +        百分数  + more likely to do sth. than (to) do sth

十二，Similar=like，different from=unlike，但是similar to和different from一般不可放在句首
十三，“通过做B达成了A（A已经做到）”时倾向于through，表示“通过做B做A(A还在被做)”时倾向用by。
十四，文中size和area是可以比的。land area和size重复
十五，as great as or greater than
？是正确的吗？
十六，倍数的表达法，好混乱！！！
以“地球比月球大六倍”这个句子为例，下面简单讲一下表示倍数的句型结构。
[1]        倍数的表示一般情况下为：数字＋times，如六倍即为：6 times。比较特殊的是两倍，为twice
[2]        要表示地球比月球大六倍，我们一般可以有下面三种最基本的表示方法：
a)         主谓＋倍数＋as        形容词原形 as＋宾语：The earth is six times as large as the moon.  
b)         主谓＋倍数＋形容词比较级 than＋宾语：The earth is 6 times larger than the moon.
c)        主谓＋倍数＋形容词对应的表示量的名词 of＋宾语：The earth is 6 times the size of the
moon.  
其中，形容词与其对应的表示量的名词，包括large/big – size, long – length, wide – width等等.
[3]        与上面三种写法相对应，如果我们要表示，地球的大小比月球的六倍还大，只要在句子中加入more
than即可，则可以写为：
a)  The earth is more than 6 times as large as the moon.
b)  The earth is more than 6 times larger than the moon.
c)        The earth is more than 6 times the size of the moon.
[4]        另外有一系列表示倍数的词：double, triple, quadruple等，这类词本身可以做形容词，表示倍数。
如：The city was enclosed by walls of double thickness.        有如本题：The earnings in this quarter
are (more than) double the earnings in the previous quarter.        同时，这类词也可以作为动词。以
double为例，常见的基本句型包括：
   


a)  double in size/number/value etc
c        Within two years the company had doubled in size.
c        The church has doubled its membership in the last five years.
b)  double the size/number/amount etc (of something)
c        A promise was given to double the number of police on duty.
[5]        第三类表示倍数的形容词为：twofold, threefold, fourfold, tenfold等。以twofold为例，其意思为 two
times as much or as many of something。该类词为形容词，多用于构成形容词＋名词的词组，
如：a threefold increase in revenue，少用于比较两个事物之间的倍数关系。

一、倍数表达法
1、twice的用法：
twice as many…as;   twice as much…as;   
twice + n.(可以是代词，比如that);    twice + what从句;  
*：一个大家常误会的句子：
The farm has more than twice as many cows as it has pigs.: 农场有多于猪两倍多的牛的数量（农场牛的数量比猪的两倍还要多）。（很多人会误读为猪比牛多。）
解读方法：可以类比一下A has B twice as many as C这个比较句型也可以写为A has twice as many B as C. 所以句子的核心是A has B，即：The farm has cows.
详细解读：twice as …as中前一个as是副词，more than twice as修饰many；而as it has pigs中的as自然是个连词，所以后面跟的是一个adverbial clause（状语从句/副词从句），而as…as句型比较特殊，后面的as要与前面as所修饰的内容相呼应，所以as it has pigs应该与前面as所修饰的对象many相呼应，即as it has pigs也是修饰了many。不管怎么说as it has pigs都不是核心成分。这样翻译过来就是农场有牛，相当于两倍多的猪。故，牛多猪少。
2、用动词表达倍数：
double/triple/quadruple/quintuple/sextuple  ----》这些动词可以做形容词(double还能做adv, predeterminer)
sth. double sth.;        sth. is doubled;       sth. double(adj.);
几个永远错误的形式：
(1)produce double； a doubling of;   produce a doubling
(2)as much as twice the apples(much与apples矛盾)（要改为twice as many apples as; sth. double sth.）
*：这几个动词可以用主动也可以用被动，但是不能和as搭配;（差不多记住这句话就可以）
3、…times(或数字) as + 形容词或副词+as;
4、sb. be + 百分数 + more likely (to do sth.) than to do sth.(前面的to do 能省，后面的不能省)
   如：at least fifty percent less likely than those who are sedentary to die of a heart attack
5、表达倍数用“… times + more +adj.+than，… time as +adj.+as”都正确
6、三类表示倍数的形容词为：twofold, threefold, fourfold, tenfold等。以twofold为例，其意思为two times as much or as many of something。该类词为形容词，多用于构成形容词＋名词的词组，如：a threefold increase in revenue，少用于比较两个事物之间的倍数关系。
二、章振邦语法中介绍的倍数表达法：
i.    x times(twice) + the + n.     (twice还能做determiner)
ii.    x times adj. (比较形式) than
iii.   x times as adj. as 注意里面的adj.要和前面的名词匹配
A do x times as adj. … x as B do
iv.   x times + what 分句 (名词性从句相当于名词)
v.    x-fold
vi.   double, triple, quadruple, quintuple, sextuple
十七，比较之庖丁解牛—by cwang
对主谓宾全的句型
主语比较：  A do sth than B do.（AB为对等名词，加do是为了显示这是一个可以发出动作的名词，因而确定是主语，进而确定是主语对比）
介宾比较：  A do sth of C1 by D1 than of C2 by D2.（C1C2，D1D2对等名词）
宾语比较：  A do C1 than C2.(C1C2为对等名词）
状语比较：  A do sth than usual/everbefore/people expected(直接加状语）
ETS就这几下子，原则就是清楚地指示什么跟什么比。
按照这个原理，对下一种句型只有主谓，没有宾语的句子，因为没有宾语，只可能有主语比较，因而不需要重复do来确认这是一个可发出动作的主语，所以其比较形式如下：
I eat faster than you.注意与下句区别
I eat apple faster than you do
如果写成 I eat apple faster than you 按ETS的理解，从语法上就变成我吃苹果比吃你快，成了宾语比较。逻辑上显然不通。
AS族的比较大同小异，as 可单独引导比较，也可以复合成as many as, as hard as 等形式，但ETS宗旨不变，如
Sand road costs twice as many to build as to manintain(类似于介宾比较）
Sand road costs twice as many to build as stone road do(主语比较,）
Sand road costs the govement twice as many to build as the residents.(宾语比较）
ETS考过AS比较的习惯用法（不受上述限制，如下）
AS poor as they are, they can not afford a car.
They have 800million students, as many as have enrolled in our school.
(注意以上都是用逗号隔开的句子，AS在这里的作用更类似连词，连接一个主句和一个从句）
注意AS有时不表比较的如as you work hard, you will pass the exam.表原因了。
There be 句型等同于一般的主谓宾俱全的句型
OG89
There is one PC for every 32 pupils in American four time as many as there were four years ago(主语比较)
There is one PC for every 32 pupils in American  four time as many as  DVD player(宾语比较)
There is one PC for every 32 pupils in American four time as many as for school teachers.(介宾比较)
There is one PC for every 32 pupils in American four time as many as  in china(介宾比较)
以上的纲领代入EST的OG几乎都成立，在我这次实战中也成立，但GWD中有一题是例外的，也就是说并没有放之四海而皆准的真理，清楚，简洁，合理才是ETS的最高宗旨。


1)        当        A        属于        B        的一种时,必须用        other        把它自身排除在从属范围之外才能表达两者间的对比关系
例:apple and other fruits
2)        避免指代不清,修改的方法有三个:
    1)重复代词指代的对象
    2)用 such + n.或者指示代词 this/these/those + n.代替代词
    3)用一个名词概括代词指代的对象

not…but…连接的对象要平行


unlike后面应该接名词！！！（错： Unlike cooking with spices, taking spices for medicinal use is done
）
whereas 不需严格对等：In cooking, small quantities of spices are used, whereas in medicinal usage spices are taken

as be the case比较结构

just as A do, so B do 的固定搭配，常见的错误用法包括：拆分固定搭配，以 like/same way/as with/similar to 等结构混淆。

倍数表达：twice (as much as) sth.; X times adj. than; X times as adj. as; double sth.
as,than可以做比较从句的主语，例：
In one of the bloodiest battles of the Civil War, fought at Sharpsburg, Maryland, on September 17, 1862, four times as many Americans were killed as would later be killed on the beaches of Normandy during D-Day.  As指代了americans。

十八，due to 不能用于句首的原因是，作为复杂形容词，其逻辑主语应该是句子主语，但从句意上讲，又是整个句子due to sth，所以应改为放在句末。类似情况还有similar to，differing from等有形容词性质的介词，GMAT中一般不能出现在句首。
十九，Due to可以用attributed to或caused by替代来权衡逻辑上是否合理：
due to＝attribute to＝caused by
due to不等于because of
二十，比较大杂烩
1）        比较的常用结构 as be the case (with)…，是 as the case be 的倒装形式，其常见的错误
用法包括：as it be错!；than be the case错!；as in/with the case of错!；

2）
like/unlike，前后比较对象对等（like/unlike        开头的强调对比的句子，主语要以进行比较
的对等的名词开头）。常见的错误用法有：比较对象不对等；as+noun；like+句子。

补充说明：比较-主语比较
1、对主谓宾全的句型主语比较：A do sth than B do.（AB为对等名词，加do是为了显示这是一个可以发出动作的名词，因而确定是主语，进而确定是主语对比）。时态要据后定。There be  句型等同于一般的主谓宾俱全的句型。
主语若相同，可省，但助动词不能省。如：
As a result of the continuing decline in the birth rate, [fewer people] will enter the labor force [in the1980’s] than (few people省略)did [in the 1960’s and 1970’s], a twenty-year period during whichpeople born after the war swelled the ranks of workers.
2、对只有主谓（如果主语有定语成分，必须要that/those来指代），没有宾语的句子，因为没有宾语，
只可能有主语比较，因而不需要重复do来确认这是一个可发出动作的主语，所以其比较形式如下：
I eat faster than you.注意与下句区别  I eat apple faster than you do        如果写成  I eat apple faster
than you        按GMAC的理解，从语法上就变成我吃苹果比吃你快，成了宾语比较。逻辑上显然不通。
3、主系表结构的比较与主谓结构相同。如果时态不一致，则需补出助词，如：
The economy of Florida is more diversified than it was ten years ago


（According to a study published in The New England Journal of Medicine, aspirin prevents blood clotsjust as well as a commonly used and more expensive blood-thinning drug does.

）句子结构-连词，在表达比较的意思“像…”时，like 用作介词，后面只能跟名词或代词，不能连接句子，
这种情况下如果要用句子表达对比，须用 as。
逻辑表达，仔细体会原句所要表达的含义，确定使用分词结构还是动词形
as would be the case with…是比较结构的一种，表达比较对象的情况相同。
（As would be the case with any star of similar mass, once the Sun exhausts the hydrogen in its
core, it will expand into a red giant and eventually eject。。。）

A study on couples' retirement transitions found that women who took new jobs after retiring from their primary careers reported high marital satisfaction, ) more so than those who retired completely.

Nowhere in early American literature is the influence of Jane Austen more apparent than in  

(C) The transfer of heat between the ocean and the atmosphere is slow when the ocean is colder
than the air and more rapid when the ocean is warmer.

Immigrants from the Mideast exhibit rates of entrepreneurship exceeding those of every other immigrant group in the increasingly diverse United States economy.

Africa's black rhino population in the mid-1970's numbered about 20,000, ten times the estimated population of 2,000 in 1997.


suppliers are growing fish twice as fast as they grow naturally, cutting their feed allotment by nearly half and raising them on special diets.


that rental rates for buildings in the suburbs were far lower than those typically charged for property located within the city limits  

The company announced that its profits declined much less in the second quarter than analysts had expected and that its business would improve in the second half of the year.

Employment costs rose 2.8 percent in the 12 months that ended in September, slightly less than they did in the year that ended in the previous quarter.

Pine trees thrive in relatively wet climates, whereas oaks prefer drier ones.
（whereas正确的表现了对比的意思, ones指代前面出现过的复数名词核心词climates.）

The automobile company announced that the average price of next year's cars and trucks would decrease four-tenths of one percent, or about $72, from that of comparably equipped models this year.

Many teenagers undergo stress, but results of a recent study indicate that the patterns of stress that girls experience are more likely to result in depression than are those that boys experience.


Thomas Eakins's powerful style and his choices of subject--the advances in modern surgery,the discipline of sport, the strains of individuals in tension with society or even with themselves--) were as disturbing to his own time as they are compelling for ours.

One report concludes that many schools do not have, nor are they likely to have, enough computers touse them effectively.



In 1945, after a career as First Lady in which she shattered expectations with an audacity never matched by Abigail Adams or Dolly Madison, Eleanor Roosevelt wasappointed a delegate to the United Nations General Assembly by President Harry S Truman

A recent review of pay scales indicates that, on average, CEO's now earn 419 times the pay of blue-collar workers, as compared to 42 times their pay, the ratio of 42 times in 1980.

According to a 1996 study published in the Journal of Human Resources, Americans of Middle Eastern descent were twice as likely as the average American to be self-employed




lower只能做形容词,不能修饰动词rose

对比对象中出现的重复名词用that或those代替,而不能用it来指代. that代替前面出现的单数名词,those代替前面出现的复数名词



GMAT考试中经常出现将相等比较as...as和more...than...形式比较合并在一起写的错误或者故
意复杂化的表示方法;正确表达应该是:at least as great as或者as great as or greater than，或者
直接用greater than。

比较结构中比较双方概念要对等:在比较结构中,比如in contrast with, in contrast to, compared
with, compare to等类似的结构,比较的双方必须概念对等.
(但要注意contrary to放在句首,后面必须加上idea, belief等抽象名词修饰主句,不存在比较双方的问题.        例: Contrary to popular belief, victors in the ancient Greek Olympic Games received cash prizes in addition to their laurel)

替代原则:        前面出现过的动词,后面只能用do和did代替,或者重复前面出现过的动词.以本题举
例:        前面出现的rose在比较结构后半句中可以用did替代,或者重复rose

allgmat

PREP SC 比较结构汇总

一，语法sc1（169）部分：

3.        (24557-!-item-!-188;#058&001027)

Less than 35 years after the release of African honeybees outside Sao Paulo, Brazil, their descendants, popularly known as killer bees, had migrated as far north as southern Texas.

(A) Less than 35 years after the release of African honeybees outside Sao Paulo, Brazil,
(B) In less than 35 years since releasing African honeybees outside Sao Paulo, Brazil,
(C) In less than the 35 years since African honeybees had been released outside Sao Paulo, Brazil,
(D) It took less than 35 years from the release of African honeybees outside Sao Paulo, Brazil, when
(E) It took less than the 35 years after the time that African honeybees were released outside Sao Paulo, Brazil, and then

12.        (25117-!-item-!-188;#058&001707)

In contrast to ongoing trade imbalances with China and Japan, the United States trade deficit with Mexico declined by $500 million as a result of record exports to that country.

(A) In contrast to ongoing trade imbalances with China and Japan, the United States trade deficit with Mexico declined by $500 million as a result of record exports to that country.
(B) In contrast to ongoing trade imbalances with China and Japan, the United States sold record exports to Mexico, reducing its trade deficit by $500 million.
(C) When compared with ongoing trade imbalances with China and Japan, the United States sold record exports to Mexico, reducing their trade deficit by $500 million.
(D) Compared with ongoing trade imbalances with China and Japan, the United States sold record exports to Mexico, reducing the trade deficit by $500 million.
(E) Compared to ongoing trade imbalances with China and Japan, the United States record exports to Mexico caused a $500 million decline in the trade deficit with that country.

13.        (25163-!-item-!-188;#058&001734)

Unlike most severance packages, which require workers to stay until the last day scheduled to collect, workers at the automobile company are eligible for its severance package even if they find a new job before they are terminated.

(A) the last day scheduled to collect, workers at the automobile company are eligible for its severance package
(B) the last day they are scheduled to collect, workers are eligible for the automobile company's severance package
(C) their last scheduled day to collect, the automobile company offers its severance package to workers
(D) their last scheduled day in order to collect, the automobile company's severance package is available to workers
(E) the last day that they are scheduled to collect, the automobile company's severance package is available to workers

9.        (25589-!-item-!-188;#058&002028)

Although unhappy with the high rent her company was paying for its suburban office building, the chief executive recognized rental rates for buildings in the suburbs as far lower than it typically is for property that is located within the city limits.

(A) rental rates for buildings in the suburbs as far lower than it typically is for property that is located within the city limits
(B) rental rates for buildings in the suburbs as being far lower than what the rates typically charged within the city limits had been for property located there
(C) rental rates typically being charged for property located within the city limits to be far lower as they typically were within the city limits for the property there
(D) that rental rates for buildings in the suburbs were far lower than rental rates typically being charged within the city limits for property located there
(E) that rental rates for buildings in the suburbs were far lower than those typically charged for property located within the city limits

22.        (25727-!-item-!-188;#058&002127)

The company announced that its profits declined much less in the second quarter than analysts had expected it to and its business will improve in the second half of the year.

(A) had expected it to and its business will improve
(B) had expected and that its business would improve
(C) expected it would and that it will improve its business
(D) expected them to and its business would improve
(E) expected and that it will have improved its business

24.        (25819-!-item-!-188;#058&002130)

Employment costs rose 2.8 percent in the 12 months that ended in September, slightly less than they did in the year that ended in the previous quarter.

(A) less than they did
(B) less than it did
(C) less than they were
(D) lower than
(E) lower than they were

29.        (26049-!-item-!-188;#058&002254)

Oaks preferring drier ones, pine trees thrive in relatively wet climates.

(A) Oaks preferring drier ones, pine trees thrive in relatively wet climates.
(B) With oaks preferring drier ones, pine trees thrive in relatively wet climates.
(C) Whereas oaks prefer drier ones, with pine trees thriving in relatively wet climates.
(D) Pine trees thrive in relatively wet climates, whereas oaks prefer drier ones.
(E) Pine trees thriving in climates that are relatively wet ones, oaks prefer drier climates.

31.        (26141-!-item-!-188;#058&002444)

According to some economists, the July decrease in unemployment so that it was the lowest in two years suggests that the gradual improvement in the job market is continuing.

(A) so that it was the lowest in two years
(B) so that it was the lowest two-year rate
(C) to what would be the lowest in two years
(D) to a two-year low level
(E) to the lowest level in two years

33.        (26233-!-item-!-188;#058&002541)

More than 300 rivers drain into Siberia's Lake Baikal, which holds 20 percent of the world's fresh water, more than all the North American Great Lakes combined.

(A) More than 300 rivers drain into Siberia's Lake Baikal, which holds 20 percent of the world's fresh water, more than all the North American Great Lakes combined.
(B) With 20 percent of the world's fresh water, that is more than all the North American Great Lakes combined, Siberia's Lake Baikal has more than 300 rivers that drain into it.
(C) Siberia's Lake Baikal, with more than 300 rivers draining into it, it holds more of the world's fresh water than all that of the North American Great Lakes combined, 20 percent.
(D) While more than 300 rivers drain into it, Siberia's Lake Baikal holds 20 percent of the world's fresh water, which is more than all the North American Great Lakes combined.
(E) More than all the North American Great Lakes combined, Siberia's Lake Baikal, with more than 300 rivers draining into it, holds 20 percent of the world's fresh water.

36.        (26371-!-item-!-188;#058&002614)

Thomas Eakins's powerful style and his choices of subject--the advances in modern surgery, the discipline of sport, the strains of individuals in tension with society or even with themselves--was as disturbing to his own time as it is compelling for ours.

(A) was as disturbing to his own time as it is
(B) were as disturbing to his own time as they are
(C) has been as disturbing in his own time as they are
(D) had been as disturbing in his own time as it was
(E) have been as disturbing in his own time as

38.        (26463-!-item-!-188;#058&002639)

Like Rousseau, Tolstoi rebelled against the unnatural complexity of human relations in modern society.

(A) Like Rousseau, Tolstoi rebelled
(B) Like Rousseau, Tolstoi's rebellion was
(C) As Rousseau, Tolstoi rebelled
(D) As did Rousseau, Tolstoi's rebellion was
(E) Tolstoi's rebellion, as Rousseau's, was

48.        (27067-!-item-!-188;#058&003096)

Whereas scientists, because of random fluctuations in the weather, cannot determine the transition from one season to the next by monitoring temperatures on a daily basis, so they cannot determine the onset of global warming by monitoring average annual temperatures.

(A) Whereas scientists
(B) Just as scientists
(C) Like scientists who
(D) Inasmuch as a scientist
(E) In the same way a scientist

49.        (27113-!-item-!-188;#058&003110)

The automobile company announced that the average price of next year's models would decrease four-tenths of one percent, amounting to about $72, as compared with comparably equipped cars and trucks this year.

(A) The automobile company announced that the average price of next year's models would decrease four-tenths of one percent, amounting to about $72, as compared with comparably equipped cars and trucks this year.
(B) The automobile company announced that the average price of next year's cars and trucks would decrease four-tenths of one percent, or about $72, from that of comparably equipped models this year.
(C) The automobile company announced that there would be a decrease of four-tenths of one percent in next year's models' average price, or about $72, below this year's comparably equipped cars and trucks.
(D) Compared to comparably equipped models this year, the automobile company announced that the average price of next year's cars and trucks would decrease about $72, less by four-tenths of one percent.
(E) Contrasted with comparably equipped cars and trucks of this year, the automobile company announced that the average price of next year's models would decrease about $72, or four-tenths of one percent.

50.        (27159-!-item-!-188;#058&003134)

Many teenagers undergo stress, but results of a recent study indicate that the patterns of stress that girls experience are more likely to result in depression than are those that boys experience.

(A) are those that boys experience
(B) what boys experience
(C) boys' experience would
(D) boys' stress patterns do
(E) stress patterns of boys

53.        (27297-!-item-!-188;#058&003151)

Most vaccines are derived from weakened or killed strains of the same virus that they prevent, unlike the derivation of smallpox vaccine from a different virus altogether.

(A) the derivation of smallpox vaccine from a different virus altogether
(B) smallpox vaccine, which is derived from a different virus altogether
(C) smallpox's vaccine, which gets derived from a different virus altogether
(D) when smallpox vaccine is derived from an altogether different virus
(E) the altogether different virus from which smallpox vaccine is derived

54.        (27343-!-item-!-188;#058&003156)

Unlike using spices for cooking, in medicinal usage they are taken in large quantities in order to treat particular maladies.

(A) Unlike using spices for cooking, in medicinal usage they are taken
(B) Unlike spices that are used in cooking, in using spices for medicine, they are taken
(C) Unlike cooking with spices, taking spices for medicinal use is done
(D) In cooking, small quantities of spices are used, whereas in medicinal usage spices are taken
(E) In cooking, the usage of spices is in small quantities, whereas in medicinal usage they are taken

55.        (27389-!-item-!-188;#058&003179)

Shipwrecks are more likely to be found undisturbed at great depths than in shallow coastal waters, which exposes archaeological remains to turbulence and makes them accessible to anyone in scuba gear, whether they be archaeologist, treasure hunter, or sport diver.

(A) than in shallow coastal waters, which exposes archaeological remains to turbulence and makes them accessible to anyone in scuba gear, whether they be
(B) than in shallow coastal waters, where archaeological remains are exposed to turbulence and are accessible to anyone in scuba gear, whether
(C) as opposed to shallow waters along the coast, where archaeological remains are exposed to turbulence and are accessible to anyone in scuba gear, including
(D) instead of in shallow waters along the coast, which exposes archaeological remains to turbulence and makes them accessible to anyone in scuba gear, including an
(E) instead of shallow coastal waters, because it exposes archaeological remains to turbulence and makes them accessible to anyone in scuba gear, whether

57.        (27481-!-item-!-188;#058&003189)

The Anasazi settlements at Chaco Canyon were built on a spectacular scale with more than 75 carefully engineered structures, of up to 600 rooms each, were connected by a complex regional system of roads.

(A) with more than 75 carefully engineered structures, of up to 600 rooms each, were
(B) with more than 75 carefully engineered structures, of up to 600 rooms each,
(C) of more than 75 carefully engineered structures of up to 600 rooms, each that had been
(D) of more than 75 carefully engineered structures of up to 600 rooms and with each
(E) of more than 75 carefully engineered structures of up to 600 rooms each had been

59.        (27573-!-item-!-188;#058&003208)

A new genetically engineered papaya was produced not by seed companies who have been motivated by profit, which was the case with most genetically modified crops previously approved for commercial use, but university and United States Department of Agriculture researchers who allowed growers to use it free of charge.

(A) produced not by seed companies who have been motivated by profit, which was the case with most genetically modified crops previously approved for commercial use, but
(B) produced not by profit-motivated seed companies, the case with most genetically modified crops previously approved for commercial use, but
(C) produced not by profit-motivated seed companies, as was the case with most genetically modified crops previously approved for commercial use, but by
(D) not produced by profit-motivated seed companies, which was the case with most genetically modified crops previously approved for commercial use, but was produced by
(E) not produced by seed companies who have been motivated by profit, the case with most genetically modified crops previously approved for commercial use, but by

60.        (27763-!-item-!-188;#058&003346)

Mideast immigrants' rates of entrepreneurship exceed virtually every other immigrant group in the increasingly diverse United States economy.

(A) Mideast immigrants' rates of entrepreneurship exceed
(B) Mideast immigrants are exhibiting rates of entrepreneurship exceeding
(C) Immigrants from the Mideast exhibit rates of entrepreneurship exceeding those of
(D) The rates of entrepreneurship in immigrants from the Mideast exceed
(E) The rates of Mideast immigrants' entrepreneurship exceeds those of


63.        (27901-!-item-!-188;#058&003440)

Unlike emergency calls that travel through regular telephone lines, where they thus automatically inform the operator of the location and phone number of the caller, cellular calls require emergency operators to determine the location of the caller.

(A) lines, where they thus automatically inform the operator of the location and phone number of the caller, cellular calls require emergency operators to determine the location of the caller
(B) lines and thus automatically inform the operator of the location and phone number of the caller, cellular calls require emergency operators to determine the location of the caller
(C) lines, thus automatically informing the operator of the location and phone number of the caller, the location of the caller on a cellular phone has to be determined by the operator
(D) lines, and thus automatically inform the operator of the location and phone number of the caller, emergency operators have to determine the location of the cellular phone caller
(E) lines, thus automatically informing the operator of the location and phone number of the caller, emergency operators receiving a cellular call have to determine the location of the caller

66.        (28087-!-item-!-188;#058&003498)

Africa's black rhino population in the mid-1970's numbered about 20,000, ten times the estimated population of 2,000 in 1997.

(A) the estimated population
(B) that of their estimated population
(C) more than the population's estimated amount
(D) more black rhinos than their population estimate
(E) more than that of their population's estimated amount

70.        (28271-!-item-!-188;#058&003560)

It is unclear whether chimpanzees are unique among nonhuman species in their ability to learn behaviors from one another, or if, when other animals are studied in as much depth, similar patterns would be found.

(A) if, when other animals are studied in as much depth, similar patterns would be found
(B) if other animals were studied with as much depth they would exhibit similar patterns
(C) would similar patterns be found in other animals if they were studied in as much depth
(D) whether similar patterns would be exhibited in other animals that were studied with as much depth
(E) whether other animals would exhibit similar patterns if they were studied in as much depth

71.        (28317-!-item-!-188;#058&003604)

Paper production accounts for approximately 40 percent of the world's industrial use of wood, and the market for paper is growing faster than it is for all major wood products.
(A) the market for paper is growing faster than it is for all
(B) the market for paper is growing faster than the market for all other
(C) the market for it is growing faster than it is for all other
(D) its market is growing faster than the market for all
(E) its market is growing faster than it is for all other


73.        (28457-!-item-!-188;#058&003634)

Evolutionary psychology holds that the human mind is not a "blank slate," but instead that it comprises specialized mental mechanisms that were developed as a way of solving specific problems human ancestors faced millions of years ago.

(A) the human mind is not a "blank slate," but instead that it comprises specialized mental mechanisms that were developed as a way of solving
(B) the human mind is not a "blank slate" but instead comprises specialized mental mechanisms that were developed to solve
(C) the human mind, instead of a "blank slate," it comprises specialized mental mechanisms that have been developed to solve
(D) rather than it being a "blank slate," the human mind comprises specialized mental mechanisms that have been developed as a way of solving
(E) rather than the human mind's being a "blank slate," that it comprises specialized mental mechanisms that were developed as a way of solving

79.        (28781-!-item-!-188;#058&003734)

Shipwrecks are more likely to be found undisturbed at great depths than in shallow coastal waters, which exposes archaeological remains to turbulence and makes them accessible to anyone in scuba gear, whether they be archaeologist, treasure hunter, or sport diver.

(A) than in shallow coastal waters, which exposes archaeological remains to turbulence and makes them accessible to anyone in scuba gear, whether they be
(B) than in shallow coastal waters, where archaeological remains are exposed to turbulence and are accessible to anyone in scuba gear, whether
(C) as opposed to shallow waters along the coast, where archaeological remains are exposed to turbulence and accessible to anyone in scuba gear, including
(D) instead of in shallow waters along the coast, which exposes archaeological remains to turbulence and making them accessible to anyone in scuba gear, including an
(E) instead of shallow coastal waters, because it exposes archaeological remains to turbulence and makes them accessible to anyone in scuba gear, whether


81.        (28921-!-item-!-188;#058&003760)

In the major cities of industrialized countries at the end of the nineteenth century, important public places such as theaters, restaurants, shops, and banks had installed electric lighting, but electricity was in less than one percent of homes, where lighting was still provided mainly by candles or gas.

(A) electricity was in less than one percent of homes, where lighting was still
(B) electricity was in less than one percent of homes and lighting still
(C) there were less than one percent of homes with electricity, where lighting was still being
(D) there was less than one percent of homes that had electricity, having lighting that was still
(E) less than one percent of homes had electricity, where lighting had still been

82.        (28967-!-item-!-188;#058&003792)

Each year companies in the United States could save as much as $58 billion annually by preventing illness among employees and gain as much as $200 billion through improving performance of workers if they simply provided offices with cleaner air.

(A) annually by preventing illness among employees and gain as much as $200 billion through improving performance of workers if they simply provided
(B) annually if they prevented employee illness and gain as much as $200 billion through worker performance improved by simply providing
(C) annually in employee illness prevention and gain as much as $200 billion through worker performance improved by simply providing
(D) in employee illness prevention and gain as much as $200 billion through improving performance of workers if they simply provided
(E) by preventing illness among employees and gain as much as $200 billion through improved worker performance if they simply provided

85.        (29201-!-item-!-188;#058&003882)

In 1945, after a career as First Lady in which she shattered expectations more audaciously than either Abigail Adams or Dolly Madison ever had been, Eleanor Roosevelt was appointed a delegate to the United Nations General Assembly by President Harry S Truman.

(A) more audaciously than either Abigail Adams or Dolly Madison ever had been, Eleanor Roosevelt was appointed a delegate to the United Nations General Assembly by President Harry S Truman
(B) more audaciously than either Abigail Adams or Dolly Madison, President Harry S Truman had Eleanor Roosevelt appointed to be a delegate to the United Nations General Assembly
(C) with an audacity never matched in the case of Abigail Adams or Dolly Madison, President Harry S Truman had Eleanor Roosevelt appointed as a delegate to the United Nations General Assembly
(D) with an audacity never matched by Abigail Adams or Dolly Madison, Eleanor Roosevelt was appointed a delegate to the United Nations General Assembly by President Harry S Truman
(E) with an audacity never matched either in the case of Abigail Adams or of Dolly Madison's, Eleanor Roosevelt was appointed to be a delegate to the United Nations General Assembly by President Harry S Truman

86.        (29247-!-item-!-188;#058&003883)

An international team of astronomers working at telescopes in the Canary Islands and Spain has detected at least 18 huge gas spheres estimated to have 5 to 15 times the mass of Jupiter, the solar system's largest planet.

(A) astronomers working at telescopes in the Canary Islands and Spain has detected at least 18 huge gas spheres estimated to have 5 to 15 times the mass of Jupiter
(B) astronomers working at telescopes in the Canary Islands and Spain has detected at least 18 huge gas spheres estimated to be 5 to 15 times Jupiter's mass
(C) astronomers is working at telescopes in the Canary Islands and Spain, having detected at least 18 huge gas spheres that are estimated at 5 to 15 times the mass of Jupiter
(D) astronomers, working at telescopes in the Canary Islands and Spain, and has detected at least 18 huge gas spheres estimated at 5 to 15 times the mass of Jupiter
(E) astronomers, working at telescopes in the Canary Islands and Spain, has detected at least 18 huge gas spheres they have estimated to be 5 to 15 times Jupiter's mass


87.        (29293-!-item-!-188;#058&003892)

Results of a United States study published in the Annals of Internal Medicine have shown college-educated women and women living in the South and West to be significantly more likely to be using supplemental hormones as women living in the Northeast and Midwest.

(A) college-educated women and women living in the South and West to be significantly more likely to be using supplemental hormones as women living
(B) college-educated women and women living in the South and West as significantly more likely to use supplemental hormones than if they are living
(C) college-educated women and those living in the South and West being significantly more likely to use supplemental hormones than if they lived
(D) that college-educated women and women who live in the South and West are significantly more likely to be using supplemental hormones as were women that lived
(E) that college-educated women and women living in the South and West are significantly more likely to use supplemental hormones than women living


88.        (29339-!-item-!-188;#058&003906)

A recent study has found amoxicillin, long a standard treatment for ear infections, as being about as effective as newer, more expensive antibiotics and causing fewer side effects.

(A) amoxicillin, long a standard treatment for ear infections, as being about as effective as newer, more expensive antibiotics and causing
(B) amoxicillin, long a standard treatment for ear infections, to be about as effective compared to newer, more expensive antibiotics and with
(C) amoxicillin, long a standard treatment for ear infections, to be about as effective as newer, more expensive antibiotics and that it causes
(D) that amoxicillin, long a standard treatment for ear infections, is about as effective as newer, more expensive antibiotics and causes
(E) that amoxicillin, long a standard treatment for ear infections, is about as effective compared to newer, more expensive antibiotics and with


91.        (29477-!-item-!-188;#058&003926)

Although they are more temperamental and far more expensive than transistor-driven amplifiers, many audiophiles and audio professionals prefer the warmer, richer tones produced by vacuum-tube-driven amplifiers.

(A) many audiophiles and audio professionals prefer the warmer, richer tones produced by vacuum-tube-driven amplifiers
(B) many audiophiles and audio professionals think the warmer, richer tones produced by vacuum-tube-driven amplifiers make them preferable
(C) warmer, richer tones are produced by vacuum-tube-driven amplifiers and they are thus preferred by many audiophiles and audio professionals
(D) vacuum-tube-driven amplifiers are preferred because they produce warmer, richer tones by many audiophiles and audio professionals
(E) vacuum-tube-driven amplifiers are preferred by many audiophiles and audio professionals because these amplifiers produce warmer, richer tones

92.        (29523-!-item-!-188;#058&003931)

Research has shown that when speaking, individuals who have been blind from birth and have thus never seen anyone gesture nonetheless make hand motions just as frequently and in the same way as sighted people do, and that they will gesture even when conversing with another blind person.

(A) have thus never seen anyone gesture nonetheless make hand motions just as frequently and in the same way as sighted people do, and that
(B) have thus never seen anyone gesture but nonetheless make hand motions just as frequently and in the same way that sighted people do, and
(C) have thus never seen anyone gesture, that they nonetheless make hand motions just as frequently and in the same way as sighted people do, and
(D) thus they have never seen anyone gesture, but nonetheless they make hand motions just as frequently and in the same way that sighted people do, and that
(E) thus they have never seen anyone gesture nonetheless make hand motions just as frequently and in the same way that sighted people do, and

98.        (29799-!-item-!-188;#058&004009)

A decade after initiating the nation's most comprehensive and aggressive antismoking program, per capita consumption of cigarettes in California declined from over 125 packs annually per person to about 60, a drop more than twice as great as in the nation as a whole.

(A) per capita consumption of cigarettes in California declined from over 125 packs annually per person to about 60, a drop more than twice as great as
(B) annual per capita consumption of cigarettes in California declined from over 125 packs to about 60, more than twice as great as that
(C) California's annual per capita consumption of cigarettes declined from over 125 packs per person to about 60, more than twice as great as the drop
(D) California has seen per capita consumption of cigarettes decline from over 125 packs annually to about 60, a drop more than twice as great as that
(E) California has seen annual per capita consumption of cigarettes decline from over 125 packs per person to about 60, more than twice as great as that


103.        (30029-!-item-!-188;#058&004082)

Simply because they are genetically engineered does not make it any more likely for plants to become an invasive or persistent weed, according to a decade-long study published in the journal Nature.

(A) because they are genetically engineered does not make it any more likely for plants to
(B) because it is genetically engineered does not make a plant any more likely to
(C) being genetically engineered does not make it any more likely that plants will
(D) being genetically engineered does not make a plant any more likely to
(E) being genetically engineered does not make a plant any more likely that it will become

106.        (30167-!-item-!-188;#058&004112)

Officials at the United States Mint believe that the Sacagawea dollar coin will be used more as a substitute for four quarters rather than for the dollar bill because its weight, only 8.1 grams, is far less than four quarters, which weigh 5.67 grams each.

(A) more as a substitute for four quarters rather than for the dollar bill because its weight, only 8.1 grams, is far less than
(B) more as a substitute for four quarters than the dollar bill because it weighs only 8.1 grams, far lighter than
(C) as a substitute for four quarters more than for the dollar bill because it weighs only 8.1 grams, far less than
(D) as a substitute for four quarters more than the dollar bill because its weight of only 8.1 grams is far lighter than it is for
(E) as a substitute more for four quarters rather than for the dollar bill because its weight, only 8.1 grams, is far less than it is for


108.        (30307-!-item-!-188;#058&004171)

According to a new report by the surgeon general, women with less than a high school education had three times the likelihood that they would begin smoking as women who went to college.

(A) had three times the likelihood that they would begin smoking
(B) had three times the likelihood of beginning smoking
(C) were three times more likely to begin to smoke
(D) were three times more likely that they would begin to smoke
(E) were three times as likely to begin smoking


112.        (30491-!-item-!-188;#058&004240)

Though certain breeds of dog are renowned for their sense of smell, there is often a greater difference in scenting ability between two members of a single breed as there is between members of different breeds.

(A) is often a greater difference in scenting ability between two members of a single breed as there is
(B) is often more difference in scenting ability between two members of a single breed as to find one
(C) is often a greater difference in scenting ability between two members of a single breed than
(D) are often greater differences in scenting ability between two members of a single breed as there are
(E) are often greater differences in scenting ability between two members of a single breed than there is

113.        (30537-!-item-!-188;#058&004273)

Thunderclouds form when warm, moist air rises into cooler air above, because either the ground is warmer than usually or because the interaction of two air masses, one warm and one cold, forces warm air to rise.

(A) because either the ground is warmer than usually or because
(B) because either the ground is warmer than usual or because of
(C) because of either the ground being warmer than usual or because
(D) either because of the ground's being warmer than usually or because of
(E) either because the ground is warmer than usual or because


114.        (30583-!-item-!-188;#058&004275)

A study on couples' retirement transitions found that women who took new jobs after retiring from their primary careers reported high marital satisfaction, more than when retiring completely.

(A) more than when retiring
(B) more than if they were to retire
(C) more so than those who retired
(D) which was more so than those retiring
(E) which was more than if they had retired


128.        (31324-!-item-!-188;#058&004419)

According to a study published in The New England Journal of Medicine, aspirin prevents blood clots just as well as a commonly used and more expensive blood-thinning drug does.

(A) prevents blood clots just as well as a commonly used and more expensive blood-thinning drug does
(B) prevents blood clots just as well as does a commonly used and a more expensive blood-thinning drug
(C) prevents blood clots just as well as will a commonly used and more expensive blood-thinning drug
(D) works just as well as a commonly used and more expensive blood-thinning drug at the prevention of blood clots
(E) works just as well as does a commonly used blood-thinning drug, which is also more expensive, at preventing blood clots


132.        (31556-!-item-!-188;#058&004545)

A recent review of pay scales indicates that CEO's now earn an average of 419 times more pay than blue-collar workers, compared to a ratio of 42 times in 1980.

(A) that CEO's now earn an average of 419 times more pay than blue-collar workers, compared to a ratio of 42 times
(B) that, on average, CEO's now earn 419 times the pay of blue-collar workers, a ratio that compares to 42 times
(C) that, on average, CEO's now earn 419 times the pay of blue-collar workers, as compared to 42 times their pay, the ratio
(D) CEO's who now earn on average 419 times more pay than blue-collar workers, as compared to 42 times their pay, the ratio
(E) CEO's now earning an average of 419 times the pay of blue-collar workers, compared to the ratio of 42 times


133.        (31602-!-item-!-188;#058&004586)

In the past several years, astronomers have detected more than 80 massive planets, most of them as large or larger than Jupiter, which circle other stars.

(A) most of them as large or larger than Jupiter, which circle
(B) most of them as large or larger than Jupiter and circling
(C) most of them at least as large as Jupiter, circling
(D) mostly at least as large as Jupiter, which circle
(E) mostly as large or larger than Jupiter, circling


142.        (32496-!-item-!-188;#058&006253)

According to a 1996 study published in the Journal of Human Resources, Americans of Middle Eastern descent were twice as likely as was the national average to be self-employed.

(A) as was the national average to be self-employed
(B) as the average American to be self-employed
(C) as the national average that they would be self-employed
(D) to be self-employed than was the average American
(E) that they would be self-employed than was the national average


143.        (32542-!-item-!-188;#058&006254)

Despite there being no fundamental difference in shipbuilding traditions in Viking-Age Scandinavia from the ones in other parts of Northern Europe, archaeological evidence shows that Viking ships were lighter, slimmer, faster, and thus probably more seaworthy than the heavier vessels used by the English at that time.

(A) Despite there being no fundamental difference in shipbuilding traditions in Viking-Age Scandinavia from the ones
(B) Despite no fundamental difference between the shipbuilding traditions in Viking-Age Scandinavia from those
(C) With shipbuilding traditions in Viking-Age Scandinavia not fundamentally different from those
(D) With the shipbuilding traditions in Viking-Age Scandinavia having no fundamental difference from the ones
(E) Although shipbuilding traditions in Viking-Age Scandinavia were not fundamentally different from those


151.        (33055-!-item-!-188;#058&006544)

Like the thorny ballooning of a frightened pufferfish or the sudden appearance of angry sapphire hoops for which the blue-ringed octopus is named, so the California newt's display of its red underbelly is a clear warning that predators ignore at their peril.

(A) so the California newt's display of its red underbelly is a clear warning that predators ignore at their peril
(B) so it is at their peril that predators ignore the California newt's display of its red underbelly, a clear warning
(C) the California newt's displaying its red underbelly is a clear warning for predators, so they ignore it at their peril
(D) the California newt's display of its red underbelly is a clear warning that predators ignore at their peril
(E) it is at their peril that predators ignore the California newt's display of its red underbelly, a clear warning


152.        (33101-!-item-!-188;#058&006547)

Recent research indicates that two popular arthritis drugs are possibly not as safe as they initially believed.

(A) that two popular arthritis drugs are possibly not as safe as they initially believed
(B) that two popular arthritis drugs may not be as safe as they were initially believed to be
(C) two popular arthritis drugs to possibly not be as safe as it was initially believed
(D) the safety of two popular arthritis drugs may not be as great as it was initially believed
(E) the safety of two popular arthritis drugs not to be as great as they were initially believed to be


153.        (33147-!-item-!-188;#058&006555)

A recent United States Census Bureau report shows that there are more than three times as many households where the children and grandchildren are living in their grandparents' home as compared to households where the grandparents are living in their children's or grandchildren's home.

(A) as compared to households where the
(B) as there are households where the
(C) as those whose
(D) than compared to those where the
(E) than there are whose


156.        (33285-!-item-!-188;#058&006648)

Like English and Italian, each of which have elaborate rules for forming words and sentences, so sign languages have rules for individual signs and signed sentences.

(A) Like English and Italian, each of which have elaborate rules for forming
(B) Similar to the elaborate rules that English and Italian have to form
(C) Just as English and Italian have elaborate rules for forming
(D) As with English and Italian, both having elaborate rules to form
(E) In the same way that there are elaborate rules used to form English and Italian


158.        (33377-!-item-!-188;#058&006720)

The largest trade-book publisher in the United States has announced the creation of a new digital imprint division, under which it will publish about 20 purely digital works to be sold online as either electronic books or downloadable copies that can be printed upon purchase.

(A) works to be sold online as either electronic books or
(B) works to sell them online, either as electronic books or
(C) works and it will sell them online as either electronic books or as
(D) works, and selling them online as either electronic books or as
(E) works, and it will sell them online either as electronic books or


159.        (33521-!-item-!-188;#058&006923)

As the former chair of the planning board for 18 consecutive years and a board member for 28 years, Joan Philkill attended more than 400 meetings and reviewed more than 700 rezoning applications.

(A) As the former
(B) The former
(C) Former
(D) She was
(E) As the


161.        (33613-!-item-!-188;#058&007011)

Unlike the other major planets, Pluto has a highly eccentric orbit, which is thus closer to the Sun than Neptune is for 20 years out of every 230-year cycle, even though it is commonly described as the remotest planet in the solar system.

(A) Pluto has a highly eccentric orbit, which is thus closer to the Sun than Neptune is
(B) Pluto has a highly eccentric orbit and is thus closer to the Sun than Neptune is
(C) Pluto's orbit is highly eccentric and is thus closer to the Sun than Neptune
(D) the orbit of Pluto is highly eccentric and thus closer to the Sun than Neptune
(E) the orbit of Pluto is highly eccentric, thus closer to the Sun than Neptune is


166.        (33939-!-item-!-188;#058&007191)

Shrinking faster than any other nation's, the projected decline of Japan's population is 17 percent during the next half century.

(A) Shrinking faster than any other nation's, the projected decline of Japan's population is
(B) Shrinking faster than any other nation, Japan's population has a projected decline of
(C) The population of Japan is shrinking faster than that of any other nation and is projected to decline by
(D) The Japanese population is shrinking faster than any other nation, and it has a projected decline at
(E) Japan's population is shrinking faster than that of any other nation, with a projected decline at


167.        (34081-!-item-!-188;#058&007212)

It is possible that, like the Volkswagen, whose unchanging exterior over decades concealed many changes in its internal machinery, the evolution of many prehistoric microbes occurred with no significant modification to their sheaths.

(A) the evolution of many prehistoric microbes occurred with no significant modification to their sheaths
(B) the evolution of many prehistoric microbes was occurring without significant modification of their sheaths
(C) no significant modification was made to the sheaths of many prehistoric microbes as they were evolving
(D) the sheaths of many prehistoric microbes went without significant modification during their evolution
(E) many prehistoric microbes evolved without significant modification of their sheaths


168.        (34127-!-item-!-188;#058&007222)

An international team of astronomers working at telescopes in the Canary Islands and Spain has detected at least 18 huge gas spheres estimated to have 5 to 15 times the mass of Jupiter, the solar system's largest planet.

(A) astronomers working at telescopes in the Canary Islands and Spain has detected at least 18 huge gas spheres estimated to have 5 to 15 times the mass of Jupiter
(B) astronomers working at telescopes in the Canary Islands and Spain has detected at least 18 huge gas spheres that are at an estimated 5 to 15 times Jupiter's mass
(C) astronomers is working at telescopes in the Canary Islands and Spain, having detected at least 18 huge gas spheres that are estimated at 5 to 15 times the mass of Jupiter
(D) astronomers, working at telescopes in the Canary Islands and Spain, and has detected at least 18 huge gas spheres estimated at 5 to 15 times the mass of Jupiter
(E) astronomers, working at telescopes in the Canary Islands and Spain, has detected at least 18 huge gas spheres they have estimated as being 5 to 15 times Jupiter's mass

allgmat

今日错题：According to a recent poll, owning and living in a freestanding house on its own land is still a goal of a majority of young adults, like that of earlier generations.
Alike that of earlier generations  分析A选项
Bas that for earlier generations  分析B选项
Cjust as earlier generations did  分析C选项
Das have earlier generations  分析D选项
Eas it was of earlier generations  分析E选项
－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－
正确是E
To develop more accurate population forecasts, demographers have to know a great deal more than now about the social and economic determinants of fertility.
Ahave to know a great deal more than now about the social and economic  分析A选项
Bhave to know a great deal more than they do now about the social and economical  分析B选项
Cwould have to know a great deal more than they do now about the social and economical  分析C选项
Dwould have to know a great deal more than they do now about the social and economic  分析D选项
Ewould have to know a great deal more than now about the social and economical  分析E选项
---------------------
正确选D

allgmat

重复&固定搭配，反复背。
重复
could, may和possibly, perhaps等其他表示可能性的词语意重复
In comparison 和 whereas 语义重复
and ,in addition
then与later用词重复
land area和size重复
be able to do和can的区别：前者表示拥有某种能力去做某事,强调的是能力;后者表示可能去做某事,表现了一种可能性
while可以表达“当…时”的意思，与simultaneously“同时地”语意上有重复
both…and…和in addition语意重复
annually和each year意思表达重复
per capita 和 per person 重复;
so和in order to语义重复
include与among意思重复。
because of与rest on有语意上的重复
rise 与 increase
ensure已经有should
at least和or more用词重复
may 与 likely
since和so语意重复
must be和ensure有语意上的重复
after和
subsequently语义重复

；as big as和long
Sufficient和enough同义词重复
never again
at least和or more用词重复
as the former chair… for 18 consecutive years不符合逻辑

lag behind, by xx% (less)
from ... (down/up) to
rise (higher)
then .. (subsequently)
now .. (currently)
(to someone,) Paris is someone's home
enable someone to (be able to)
continue, and (have already done)
(up) until…
per capita consumption ... (per person)
each year ... (annually)
(consistently) ... doing sth.
also ... (as well)
the more ..., the more ..., become (increaseingly)
there is (continuous) sth occurring
someone is doing sth (continuously)
(so) in order to
then (later)
then (subsequently)

；also与another重复。
another和in addition语义重复。

固定搭配
1. preference for
possibility的习惯用法是跟of doing sth
2.  
3.  
4. need sth. for sth.   need sth to do
] It claims为插入成分，这一现象大多数考生在此处为第一次遇到，因此很多考生会认为claim的正
确搭配为claim to do something，因而排除BCD选项。实际上is和to be在选项中都是正确的表达：
若为is，可理解为it claims是插入成分；若为to be，则可理解成what it claims to be…这一大家都
很熟悉的表达forbid somebody to do something, prohibit somebody from doing something为正确的习语
2)  prescribe somebody something, prescribe something for somebody/something为正确的习语
3)  begin doing something, begin to do something均为正确的习语
5. proof for sth, proof that从
6. height of +数量词，表高度
to one’s satisfaction固定搭配，做某事以使人达到满意的程度。
7. be known to
8. assume to do
9. ，enable somebody to
10. do x and (to) do y是正确的习语，且to own and (to) gain平行对称。
Provide evident for (注意！不是to !!)
1. Proven records：良好记录
2. Records of sth. 固定搭配，比records that简洁地道。

11. entail sth., entail doing sth.  
12. 例：It will entail driving a long distance every day.这意味着每天都要长途开车.
13. divide over
14. a trick of doing something,因此，for doing不是trick的正确搭配
15. blow to为固定词组
16. be known to do something为正确的习语，Be known as…作为…而著名，know for…表示以…而

prohibit that是错误用法
prohibit sb from doing，这里prohibit sb from sth错误
prohibit sth. to be done错误

1. Presume的固定搭配：
presume的固定搭配，表示假设的时候就这三种用法：
presume that
I presume we'll be there by six o'clock.
presume somebody/something to be somebody/something (被动即sth. presumed to be)
From the way he talked, I presumed him to be your boss.
be presumed to do something
The temple is presumed to date from the first century BC.
1. expend固定搭配：expend sth. in/on (doing) sth.
2. enshrine习惯用法：enshrine in或be enshrined in (enshrine通常用被动语态)




17. 著名，或而被别人认知。
18. recognize somebody as somebody/something
19.  
20. divide over: if people divide over sth or if sth divides them, it causes strong disagreement between
21. them.
22. be looking to do something为固定习语，表示计划、期望做某事。比如：We’re looking to buy a new
23. car early next year.（摘自朗文词典）
24. vulnerable要求使用to
25. ，regard… as being/having, regard… as+名词。
26. -jump to，如果jump表示数量或水平的进步到一定程度，常跟介词to
27. 4. announce固定搭配：
28.  (1) announce something to somebody 或者 announce to somebody something (相当于宾语后置)
29. (2) announce a decision/intention/plan (在这个时候如果plan等后面接to do不会产生to do做状语修饰announce的歧义)*:The government has announced plans to create 10,000 new jobs.
30. (3) announce (that)
31. (4) announce somebody/yourself 通报...的到达;通知...已准备好（注意这个短语有专门意思）
32. 错误用法：
33. (1)announce to do/be sth.
announce to do
1. 搭配：
(1) Aim, goal, intention, objective, function, way, method, purpose + be + to do当然最常用的还是method of doing/for doing
(2) Use, cite, function, regard, think/conceive of, view, act + as
(3) Consider, deem, make, call, find, elect+宾语+宾补
34. A method is to do X and to do Y
35. campaign for/against。
36. ​科学家发现是对客观事实的描述，句子使用一般现在时态appears to be…句型，后面直接接相应
37. 的名词结构即可。不需要使用完成时态。
38. 3)  appear to be something, appear that….​都是正确的表达方式，appear为动词。
39.  
40. Plan的用法：
plan to do something：    He said he planned to write his essay tonight.
plan on doing something： When do you plan on going to Geneva?
plan something：          The former president is planning a return to politics.
2) ​习惯用语-on the ground(s)的两种常见用法：
on the ground(s) that…: if you do sth on the grounds of a particular thing, that thing is the reason for
your action.  
The court overturned that decision on the grounds that the Prosecution has withheld crucial
evidence.
on the ground(s) of +noun.
Owen was against it, on the grounds of expense.  

1. prohibit固定搭配：prohibit sth；prohibit from doing；prohibit sb from doing
A. prohibit that是错误用法prohibit sb from sth错误prohibit sth. to be done错误

While在表示转折对比时，有两件events同时发生的含义。
不能说while then
appear 的用法
1、作系动词, =seem, +adj.​作表语。
2、作动词, appear to inf 动词不定式, appear that 从句, it appears that…。

risk of doing sth, risk of sth（risk分别为名词）, risk doing
be able to do
be capable of doing
have ability to do ； ability of sb. to do
have capability to do doing ； capability of sb. to do doing


make it adj./n. (for sb.) to do

think of sth. as sth.(Longman): to consider that someone or something is a particular thing or has a particular quality
think of sth. … as...意思是“把…看作…”，而原句表达的是“认为…是…”，故用think…as…更合适；

limit to + 界限；limit on doing sth.(做某事的限制)

urge的固定搭配：urge sb. to do sth.

indicate (to sb.) something/that…  显示，展现

make与allow是同义词，在本题的语境下可以互换使用，只是allow sb. to do sth. easily比make it easy for sb. to do sth.简洁，前者不需要用到形式宾语it来指代to do sth.：
(1) make：to cause something to happen, or cause a particular state or condition
make sth difficult/easy/possible etc
　​​The use of computers has made it possible for more people to work from home.
(2) allow：to make it possible for something to happen or for someone to do something, especially something helpful or useful
allow sb to do sth
　​​    A 24-hour ceasefire allowed the two armies to reach an agreement.

41. 题目释义  有效用词
42. 1. 有效用词
43. (1) intend的固定搭配： à intend的动作发出者必须是生物。
44. intend somebody/something to do sth.
     I didn't intend her to see the painting until it was finished.
　    I never intended things to turn out the way they did.

45. intend to do/doing sth. （后面跟to do和ing都可以）
46. intend that
47. be intended to do sth.：被用来做某事
48. be intended for somebody/something：表示书、电影、药品等专为…而设计或制造。
intent的固定搭配：
49.       noun. with intent (to do sth)  à 注意intent前没有the
50.             He is charged with possession of a gun with intent to commit a robbery.
51.            intent of doing
52.             The proliferation of so-called cybersquatters, people who register the Internet domain names of high-profile companies in hopes of reselling the rights to those names for a profit, led to the passage in 1999 of the Anti-Cybersquatting Consumer Protection Act, which allows companies to seek up to $100,000 in damages against those who register domain names with the sole intent of selling them later.
53. adj. be intent on/upon (doing) sth：  to be determined to do something or achieve something
　        She was intent on pursuing a career in business.
54. intent on/upon  à专注于
　         Intent upon her work, she didn't notice the cold.  
55. (3) intention of doing sth. / intention to do sth. à GMAT中通常不用intention to do sth.而只用intention of doing sth.
56. 额外注意点(from longman)：
57. !! Do not say 'have no intention to do something' or 'not have the slightest intention to do something'. Say have no intention of doing something or not have the slightest intention of doing something : He had no intention of paying me the money.
58. !! Do not say 'with the intention to do something'. Say with the intention of doing something : He left Manchester with the intention of finding a job in London.

(4) ensure的固定搭配：
59. ensure + n.
60. ensure + that (后面直接跟陈述语气，不跟should be)
61. 错误：ensure sb. to do sth.

62. Expect的固定搭配：
意为“预料”时：
sth. be expected to do/be;指望，期望   
it is expected that 预期 （与上着一个意思，但是没有上者简洁）(prep 1-107)
expect to do sth.
expect sb./sth. to do sth.
expect that
expect sth.
意为“想要“时：
expect sth. from sb.
expect sb. to do sth.
错误用法：
sth. be expected for sth. to do(也就是说for sth.不能加)
sth. be expected that 错 (T-4-Q31)
it is expected for stb. to do累赘，不如直接用sth. be expected to do/be
expect sb. that 错

consider A B：把A认为是B，中间不加as和to be，其中B为名词或形容词。

1. v: pronounce sb/sth sth/adj:
2. 1. 在表示发现、理论、现象等等的内容时，用that引导宾语的同位语从句是比较好的结构。从句可以很清楚地说明现象、理论的内容，避免大量的介系词、代词，使句子简单清晰。

3. evidence后面要跟同位语从句来说明evidence的具体内容，而evidence for后面是要跟某个theory或idea来表达evidence支持该theory或idea的。如"evidence FOR evolution"是指支持进化论的证据。


4.   simultaneous(ly) with
5.   independent(ly) of
6. considerable:相当多的；considerate：体贴的，体谅的
7. 固定搭配 use to do，prevent sb. from doing.

8. 冠词与逗号的使用规则：参见prep sc1-228补充说明
9. influence (with sb) ability to obtain favourable treatment from sb, usu by means of acquaintance, status, wealth, etc. 权力; 势力; 权势:
use one's influence (with sb) 利用（与某人的关系的）影响力
She has great influence with the manager and could no doubt help you. 她对经理很有影响力, 无疑能帮你忙.

1. limit的固定搭配：
  n. :  limit on sth.;  limit to do sth.   limit for sb./sth.
There's a limit on the time you have to take the test.
The time limit for making claims is three months.
There's no age limit for applicants.
There's a limit to what we can do to help.
  vt.:  limit sb. to sth.;  limit sth. (to sth.);  be limited to sth

1. through和by的区别：
through doing往往是指达成、做到一个结果所做的行为，如本题的depletion就是一个结果。
by doing往往是指为了做某事而行使的行为。

result应该用伴随状语来表  示结果(可以用with the result that或现在分词引导的resulting that做伴随状语)。

2. need做实意动词的用法是：
need (sb.) to do sth；
need sth for sth；
sth needs n./doing/to be done(接名词性成分)；

一般的介词只能接疑问词引导的宾语从句，不能接that引导的宾语从句。但是but that=except that；in that=because(还是有不同)  这三个介词+that从句属于例外，约定俗成的用法。-----from 白勇语法

estimate的固定用法：
estimate (that)  （不需加原V）
estimate + N + to be N(adj)   (prep 2-51)
estimate + N + at + 价格等数量词  （估价）（除此概念以外优先用estimated to be表达）
如：40 to 44 million years是时间概念，要用estimated to be 40 to 44 million years old.

.design的固定搭配::
design something to do something
be designed for somebody/something
be designed as something
be designed with sth

be inhabited by

method of/for (doing) something 优于 the method to：
但是method的内容则可以用动名词表示：the method/way is to do…

view sth as sth

consider sb/sth sth，中间不能加as和to be。

1. Require的固定搭配：(几个正确表达的优先级是一样的)
(1) Require sb./sth. to do sth. (不定式只能用主动形式)             à Require sb. doing…错误
(2) Require (of sb.) that + 原v        需要某人做某事  (要求,命令[(+of)][O2][+that])
  大全 475.​Legislation in the Canadian province of Ontario requires of both public and private employers that pay be the same for jobs historically held by women as for jobs requiring comparable skill that are usually held by men.
(3) N. is required (of sb./sth.) to do sth.   某物对某人做某事来说是必须的
  或N. required of sb./sth. to do.  （其中required是过去分词）
  大全 166.​Because of the enormous research and development expenditures required of firms to survive in the electronics industry, an industry marked by rapid innovation and volatile demand, such firms tend to be very large.
Windmaple的例句：This leaves open an "in-between" position: The efforts required of someone to prevent the consequences of his non-negligent act could be greater than what would be required of any bystander, but not as great as would be required to avoid an act than is known to cause the harmful consequences.
(4) require doing (require主动表被动含义)：如A require making known to B. A需要被B知道
*: GMAT中出现过的错误表达：
Require of sb. to do （require of sb.后应该加that，只有require sb.和sth. is required of sb.后面才是加to do的）
Require sb. that     （require 若和that搭配，则跟sb.之间要有of）
require sb. to be done   （需要某人被做…逻辑错误）.
Require sb. doing…错误

2. Presume的固定搭配：
presume的固定搭配，表示假设的时候就这三种用法：
presume that
I presume we'll be there by six o'clock.
presume somebody/something to be somebody/something (被动即sth. presumed to be)
From the way he talked, I presumed him to be your boss.
be presumed to do something
The temple is presumed to date from the first century BC.

3. expend固定搭配：expend sth. in/on (doing) sth.

4. enshrine习惯用法：enshrine in或be enshrined in (enshrine通常用被动语态)


5. conclude的固定搭配：
(1) conclude by doing sth./ conclude with sth.：以……结束，借此后面接的是结束的方式、行为
She concluded by saying she was proud to be from Salford.
Each chapter concludes with a short summary.
(3) conclude to ：达成……而结束
(4) do (sth.) to one’s satisfaction固定搭配，做某事以使人达到满意的程度。
*:conclude可以做及物动词也可以做不及物动词
Section 301 of the 1988 Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act enables the United States Trade Representative to single out a country as an unfair trader, begin trade negotiations with that country, and, if the negotiations do not conclude by the United States government's being satisfied, to impose sanctions.
6. by the United States government's being satisfied, to impose
7. by the United States government's satisfaction, impose
8. with the United States government's being satisfied, imposing
9. to the United States government's satisfaction, impose      
10. to the United States government's satisfaction, imposing
11.  
12. 1. link…with/to…固定搭配
13. (cannot) conceive of (doing) something
14. conceive that （不用虚拟语气）
15. conceive of something/somebody as something
16. conceive what/why/how etc
17. conceive sth. (such as idea)

1. Make短语：
Make it adj. (to do)
Make sth. Adj.
Make (doing) sth. Adj.
Make N1 N2
1. make sth. adj结构中如果sth.过长，可以宾语导致：make adj. sth.。
make possible the mass-production that sfisfhiu

1. 通过…方式：through… /by means of…/with…/by way of…with短语意为只能通过ichana来接触

1. allow的固定搭配：
(1) allow that承认/allow for考虑到, 允许/allow sb. to do sth.允许；
(2) allow sth. to be done也是对的；
(3) allow + sb. + 动作性名词 错，allow + 动作性名词 错
(4) reach for sth.：伸手抓某物；reach of sb.：在某人能触及到的范围内

2. 1) Tend用法
3. Tend to do sth -- If something tends to happen, it happens often and is likely to happen again
4. Tend to sb/sth 照顾

5. 2) Bother(费功夫)的固定搭配：
6. (not) bother to do something He didn't bother to answer the question.
7. not bother about/with   He didn't bother with a reply.
8. (not) bother doing something   Many young people didn't bother voting.
9.  

1. Help sb. (to) do;    Help (to) do;    Be helpful in (特别注意)
2. such as的两种形式：A such as B,  such A as B
such as的用法：
such as + 具体名词（n1 and n2或doing n1 and doing n2;）表示举例
such as + noun/ doing/ what从句/介词短语
错误表达：
such as + there/they/these 错 ，必须是具体的东西，不能加代词
such as + to do 错    such as + 句子 错    such as + when错。
X1, X2, X3 such as these 错，such as要放在列举之前。

3. Along with短语引导的是伴随状语，不可以表示平行关系也不可以做连词使用

1. 固定搭配(1) distinction(s) between…and…
(3) difference(s) between…and… / A has difference from B

，不能用A has distinction(s) from B，只有A has difference(s) from B

有difference from和difference/distinction between A and B，而没有distinction from


2. 固定搭配so much…as…，要保证平行

one… the other　只有两个
some… the others　 有三个以上
one… another，another…
some… others，others…
1. 注意date to 后面是ago，而date at 后面是old。

allgmat

！！！待排：with短语做状语时的正确情形和错误情形。

allgmat

Prep sc1（169）中比较结构的错题：

3.        (24557-!-item-!-188;#058&001027)

Less than 35 years after the release of African honeybees outside Sao Paulo, Brazil, their descendants, popularly known as killer bees, had migrated as far north as southern Texas.

(A) Less than 35 years after the release of African honeybees outside Sao Paulo, Brazil,
(B) In less than 35 years since releasing African honeybees outside Sao Paulo, Brazil,
(C) In less than the 35 years since African honeybees had been released outside Sao Paulo, Brazil,
(D) It took less than 35 years from the release of African honeybees outside Sao Paulo, Brazil, when
(E) It took less than the 35 years after the time that African honeybees were released outside Sao Paulo, Brazil, and then

33.        (26233-!-item-!-188;#058&002541)

More than 300 rivers drain into Siberia's Lake Baikal, which holds 20 percent of the world's fresh water, more than all the North American Great Lakes combined.

(A) More than 300 rivers drain into Siberia's Lake Baikal, which holds 20 percent of the world's fresh water, more than all the North American Great Lakes combined.
(B) With 20 percent of the world's fresh water, that is more than all the North American Great Lakes combined, Siberia's Lake Baikal has more than 300 rivers that drain into it.
(C) Siberia's Lake Baikal, with more than 300 rivers draining into it, it holds more of the world's fresh water than all that of the North American Great Lakes combined, 20 percent.
(D) While more than 300 rivers drain into it, Siberia's Lake Baikal holds 20 percent of the world's fresh water, which is more than all the North American Great Lakes combined.
(E) More than all the North American Great Lakes combined, Siberia's Lake Baikal, with more than 300 rivers draining into it, holds 20 percent of the world's fresh water.
57.        (27481-!-item-!-188;#058&003189)

The Anasazi settlements at Chaco Canyon were built on a spectacular scale with more than 75 carefully engineered structures, of up to 600 rooms each, were connected by a complex regional system of roads.

(A) with more than 75 carefully engineered structures, of up to 600 rooms each, were
(B) with more than 75 carefully engineered structures, of up to 600 rooms each,
(C) of more than 75 carefully engineered structures of up to 600 rooms, each that had been
(D) of more than 75 carefully engineered structures of up to 600 rooms and with each
(E) of more than 75 carefully engineered structures of up to 600 rooms each had been

82.        (28967-!-item-!-188;#058&003792)

Each year companies in the United States could save as much as $58 billion annually by preventing illness among employees and gain as much as $200 billion through improving performance of workers if they simply provided offices with cleaner air.

(A) annually by preventing illness among employees and gain as much as $200 billion through improving performance of workers if they simply provided
(B) annually if they prevented employee illness and gain as much as $200 billion through worker performance improved by simply providing
(C) annually in employee illness prevention and gain as much as $200 billion through worker performance improved by simply providing
(D) in employee illness prevention and gain as much as $200 billion through improving performance of workers if they simply provided
(E) by preventing illness among employees and gain as much as $200 billion through improved worker performance if they simply provided
112.        (30491-!-item-!-188;#058&004240)

Though certain breeds of dog are renowned for their sense of smell, there is often a greater difference in scenting ability between two members of a single breed as there is between members of different breeds.

(A) is often a greater difference in scenting ability between two members of a single breed as there is
(B) is often more difference in scenting ability between two members of a single breed as to find one
(C) is often a greater difference in scenting ability between two members of a single breed than
(D) are often greater differences in scenting ability between two members of a single breed as there are
(E) are often greater differences in scenting ability between two members of a single breed than there is
132.        (31556-!-item-!-188;#058&004545)

A recent review of pay scales indicates that CEO's now earn an average of 419 times more pay than blue-collar workers, compared to a ratio of 42 times in 1980.

(A) that CEO's now earn an average of 419 times more pay than blue-collar workers, compared to a ratio of 42 times
(B) that, on average, CEO's now earn 419 times the pay of blue-collar workers, a ratio that compares to 42 times
(C) that, on average, CEO's now earn 419 times the pay of blue-collar workers, as compared to 42 times their pay, the ratio
(D) CEO's who now earn on average 419 times more pay than blue-collar workers, as compared to 42 times their pay, the ratio
(E) CEO's now earning an average of 419 times the pay of blue-collar workers, compared to the ratio of 42 times


133.        (31602-!-item-!-188;#058&004586)

In the past several years, astronomers have detected more than 80 massive planets, most of them as large or larger than Jupiter, which circle other stars.

(A) most of them as large or larger than Jupiter, which circle
(B) most of them as large or larger than Jupiter and circling
(C) most of them at least as large as Jupiter, circling
(D) mostly at least as large as Jupiter, which circle
(E) mostly as large or larger than Jupiter, circling

159.        (33521-!-item-!-188;#058&006923)

As the former chair of the planning board for 18 consecutive years and a board member for 28 years, Joan Philkill attended more than 400 meetings and reviewed more than 700 rezoning applications.

(A) As the former
(B) The former
(C) Former
(D) She was
(E) As the

allgmat

λ        9/12/2015错题集
λ        A new hair-growing drug is being sold for three times the price, per milligram, as the drug's maker charges for another product with the same active ingredient.

A
as  分析A选项
B
than  分析B选项
C
that  分析C选项
D
of what  分析D选项
E
at which  分析E选项
正确选C
λ        As sources of electrical power, windmills now account for only about 2,500 megawatts nationwide, but production is almost expected to double by the end of the year, which would provide enough electricity for 1.3 million households.
A
almost expected to double by the end of the year, which would provide  分析A选项
B
almost expected that it will double by the end of the year, thus providing  分析B选项
C
expected that it will almost double by the end of the year to provide  分析C选项
D
expected almost to double by the end of the year and thus to provide  分析D选项
•        E
expected almost to double by the end of the year, which would thus be providing  分析E选项
A选项which离所修饰对象production太远。
λ        As the honeybee's stinger is heavily barbed, staying where it is inserted, this results in the act of stinging causing the bee to sustain a fatal injury.

•        A
As the honeybee's stinger is heavily barbed, staying where it is inserted, this results in the act of stinging causing  分析A选项
•        B
As the heavily barbed stinger of the honeybee stays where it is inserted, with the result that the act of stinging causes  分析B选项
•        C
The honeybee's stinger, heavily barbed and staying where it is inserted, results in the fact that the act of stinging causes  分析C选项
•        D
The heavily barbed stinger of the honeybee stays where it is inserted, and results in the act of stinging causing  分析D选项
E
The honeybee's stinger is heavily barbed and stays where it is inserted, with the result that the act of stinging causes  分析E选项
A中this指代不清
B句子不全。
C and 不平行，stinger导致一个fact，逻辑不正确。
D stinger导致一个act，逻辑不正确。
E，正确
λ        Floating in the waters of the equatorial Pacific, an array of buoys collects and transmits data on long-term interactions between the ocean and the atmosphere, interactions that affect global climate.
•        A
atmosphere, interactions that affect  分析A选项
•        B
atmosphere, with interactions affecting  分析B选项
•        C
atmosphere that affects  分析C选项
•        D
atmosphere that is affecting  分析D选项
•        E
atmosphere as affects  分析E选项
显示答案
正确选A
with短语，有逻辑上的主语，需要保持无歧义。
λ        For the farmer who takes care to keep them cool, providing them with high-energy feed, and milking them regularly, Holstein cows are producing an average of 2,275 gallons of milk each per year.
•        A
providing them with high-energy feed, and milking them regularly, Holstein cows are producing  分析A选项
•        B
providing them with high-energy feed, and milked regularly, the Holstein cow produces  分析B选项
•        C
provided with high-energy feed, and milking them regularly, Holstein cows are producing  分析C选项
•        D
provided with high-energy feed, and milked regularly, the Holstein cow produces  分析D选项
E
provided with high-energy feed, and milked regularly, Holstein cows will produce  分析E选项
选E
λ        Minivans carry as many as seven passengers and, compared with most sport utility vehicles, cost less, get better gas mileage, allow passengers to get in and out more easily, and have a smoother ride.
•        A
Minivans carry as many as seven passengers and, compared with most sport utility vehicles, cost less,  分析A选项
•        B
Minivans, which carry as many as seven passengers, compared with most sport utility vehicles, they cost less,  分析B选项
•        C
Minivans carry as many as seven passengers, in comparison with most sport utility vehicles, and have a lower cost, they  分析C选项
•        D
Minivans, carrying as many as seven passengers, compared with most sport utility vehicles, cost less,  分析D选项
E
Minivans, which carry as many as seven passengers, compared with most sport utility vehicles the cost is lower, and they  分析E选项
选A，5个大平行。
λ        语意题：On Earth, among the surest indications of sunspot cycles are believed to be the rate that trees grow, as seen in the rings visible in the cross sections of their trunks.
•        A
On Earth, among the surest indications of sunspot cycles are believed to be the rate that trees grow  分析A选项
•        B
On Earth, among the surest indications of sunspot cycles are, it is believed, the rate of tree growth  分析B选项
•        C
On Earth, the rate at which trees grow is believed to be among the surest indications of sunspot cycles  分析C选项
•        D
Among the surest indications on Earth of sunspot cycles, believed to be the tree growth rate  分析D选项
E
Among the surest indications on Earth of sunspot cycles is believed to be the rate at which trees grow  分析E选项
选E