tania的考试复习计划贴：谢谢大家的帮助和支持！！M51,V41,760!

tania

以下是引用wwwhahchn在2005-9-13 14:24:00的发言：

可是A的and its crime rate reduced不是也省略了be吗？？其实我一开始也选了A，因为我把reduced当成主动了，仔细看看应该是被动

rate reduce，犯罪率下降了，应该是主动吧

wwwhahchn

GWD-31-7

A key decision required of advertising managers is whether a “hard-sell” or “soft-sell” strategy is appropriate for a specific target market. The hard-sell approach involves the use of direct, forceful claims regarding the benefits of the advertised brand over competitors’ offerings. In contrast, the soft-sell approach involves the use of advertising claims that imply superiority more subtly.
One positive aspect of the hard-sell approach is its use of very simple and straightforward product claims presented claims (?) presented as explicit conclusions, with little room for confusion regarding the advertiser’s message. However, some consumers may resent being told what to believe and some may distrust the message. Resentment and distrust often lead to counterargumentation and to boomerang effects where consumers come to believe conclusions diametrically opposed to conclusions endorsed in advertising claims. By contrast, the risk of boomerang erects is greatly reduced with soft-sell approaches. One way to implement the soft-sell approach is to provide information that implies the main conclusions the advertiser wants the consumer to draw, but leave the conclusions themselves unstated. Because consumers are invited to make up their own minds, implicit conclusions reduce the risk of resentment, distrust, and counterargumentation.
(Line 43) Recent research on consumer memory and judgment suggests another advantage of implicit conclusions. Beliefs or (form?) conclusions that are self-generated are more accessible from memory than beliefs from conclusions provided explicitly by other individuals, and thus have a greater impact on judgment and decision making. Moreover, self-generated beliefs are often perceived as more accurate and valid than the beliefs of others, because other individuals may be perceived as less less (?) knowledgeable, or may be perceived as manipulative or deliberately misleading.
Despite these advantages, implicit conclusions may mot always be more effective than explicit conclusions. One risk is that some consumers may fail to draw their own conclusions and thus miss the point of the message. Inferential activity is likely only when consumers are motivated and able to engage in effortful cognitive processes. Another risk is that some consumers may draw conclusions other than the one intended. Even if inferential activity is likely, there is no guarantee that consumers will follow the path provided by the advertiser. Finally, a third risk is that consumers may infer the intended conclusion but question the validity of their inference.

7: It can be inferred from the passage that one situation in which the boomerang effect often occurs is when consumers
A: have been exposed to forceful claims that are diametrically opposed to those in an advertiser’s message
B: have previous self-generated beliefs or conclusions that are readily accessible from memory
C: are subjected to advertising messages that are targeted at specific markets to which those consumers do not belong
D: are confused regarding the point of the advertiser’s message
E: come to view the advertiser’s message with suspicion

以下是引用autist11在2005-9-2 1:58:00的发言：
我的答案是DCEA,第7题我觉得boomerang effects后面的“where consumers come to believe-----claims”是解释什么是"boomerang effects"的。而前面的"resentment and distrust"lead to---说明了distrust会引起boomerang effects.

以下是引用wwwhahchn在2005-9-9 15:42:00的发言：

同意！！！where后面是boomerang effects的结果，而且A的exposed to forceful claims不等于believe the conclusions

以下是引用tania在2005-9-13 11:02:00的发言：
同意第7题答案是c,因为原文在第二段提到boomerang effects，而第二段的内容丝毫没有涉及到消费者的主观能动性（消费者对广告的信息产生怀疑是第三段的内容），只是说如果被hard-sell，他们会产生相反的心里作用，从而得出与广告商相反的结论。根据这一原则，我觉得E是无关选项，C是infer的正确答案。

highlight部分：... and distrust lead ... to boomerang effects，E是对distrust的改写

第二段说消费者会产生resentment and distrust难道不是主观能动作用在起作用吗？？

而且文中对boomerang effects的定义是consumers come to believe conclusions diametrically opposed to conclusions endorsed in advertising claims，而A只说了exposed to forceful claims，即使是forceful，也不能保证消费者就一定会相信

大家讨论

wwwhahchn

以下是引用tania在2005-9-13 14:35:00的发言：

rate reduce，犯罪率下降了，应该是主动吧

虽然reduce可以做vi.，但是鄙人认为作者在这里想要表达的意思是被动，毕竟从平行的角度来说是最好的，你不觉得A很难理解吗？？再怎么说主动和被动平行都不如两个被动平行来的顺眼啊

[此贴子已经被作者于2005-9-13 14:57:04编辑过]

wwwhahchn

以下是引用tania在2005-9-13 14:33:00的发言：


你是对的，我刚才查了一下longman，可以人做主语burn off calories，所以reptiles也可以，那我也还是同意A吧，这样还少错一个

呵呵，两题达成共识了

wwwhahchn

我的天山4的答案，讨论一下

BCADE，CDBCC，

AACEC，BABAC，

EEBAD，BEBED，

DACCB，ECBEE，

B

wwwhahchn

04年9月JJ-36：

以下是引用mnwo在2004-9-25 15:21:00的发言：

36.A发生的概率是0.995，B 发生的概率是0.990（数记不清楚了，反正是接近一的）问两个都发生的概率是多少?（可能是这样问的，即不太清了）

有疑问，不知A，B关系

有道理，GMAT里是不是都是独立事件呢？？

wwwhahchn

以下是引用vacationer在2005-9-11 10:13:00的发言：

T-4-8~11:GWD-13-16~19

      In 1675, Louis XIV

      established the Parisian

      seamstresses’ guild, the first

Line    independent all-female guild

  (5)   created in over 200 years.

Guild members could make

and sell women’s and chil-

dren’s clothing, but were

prohibited from producing

(10)   men’s clothing or dresses

for court women.  Tailors

resented the ascension of

seamstresses to guild status;

seamstresses, meanwhile,

(15)   were impatient with the

remaining restrictions on

their right to clothe women.

      The conflict between

the guilds was not purely

(20)   economic, however.  A 1675

      police report indicated that

      since so many seamstresses

were already working illegally,

the tailors were unlikely to

(25)   suffer additional economic

damage because of the

seamstresses’ incorporation.

Moreover, guild membership

held very different meanings

(30)   for tailors and seamstresses.

To the tailors, their status as

guild members overlapped

      with their role as heads of

household, and entitled them

(35)       to employ as seamstresses

female family members who

did not marry outside the trade.

The seamstresses, however,

     viewed guild membership as

(40)  a mark of independence from

the patriarchal family.  Their

guild was composed not of

family units but of individual

women who enjoyed unusual

(45)   legal and economic privileges.

      At the conflict’s center was

the issue of whether tailors’

female relatives should be

identified as family members

(50)   protected by the tailors’ guild

or as individuals under the

jurisdiction of the seam-

stresses’ guild.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

T-4-9:GWD-13-17:

According to the passage, one source of dissatisfaction for Parisian seamstresses after the establishment of the seamstresses’ guild was that

           

A.   seamstresses were not allowed to make and sell clothing for all women

B.    tailors continued to have the exclusive legal right to clothe men

C.   seamstresses who were relatives of tailors were prevented from becoming members of the seamstresses’ guild

D.   rivalry between individual seamstresses increased, thus hindering their ability to compete with the tailors for business

E.    seamstresses were not allowed to accept male tailors as members of the guild

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

T-4-10:GWD-13-18:

It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following was true of seamstresses employed by relatives who were members of the tailors’ guild?

           

A.   They were instrumental in convincing Louis XIV to establish the seamstresses’ guild.

B.    They were rarely allowed to assist master tailors in the production of men’s clothing.

C.   They were considered by some tailors to be a threat to the tailors’ monopoly.

D.   They did not enjoy the same economic and legal privileges that members of the seamstresses’ guild enjoyed.

E.    They felt their status as working women gave them a certain degree of independence from the patriarchal family.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

还是不能理解第9题的A,clothe=make,不应该包括sell吧?

还有第10题,E怎么不对呢?

天山4有这篇吗？？我的没有啊

wwwhahchn

以下是引用vacationer在2005-9-11 10:16:00的发言：

T-4-Q12

For the farmer who takes care to keep them cool, providing them with high-energy feed, and milking them regularly, Holstein cows are producing an average of 2,275 gallons of mild each per year.

A.   providing them with high-energy feed, and milking them regularly, Holstein cows are producing

B.    providing them with high-energy feed, and milked regularly, the Holstein cow produces

C.   provided with high-energy feed, and milking them regularly, Holstein cows are producing

D.   provided with high-energy feed, and milked regularly, the Holstein cow produces

E.    provided with high-energy feed, and milked regularly, Holstein cows will produce

还有这题,SC好像越来越难了

这题我是支持A的

them指代Holstein cows，如果选E，provided with ... , and milked ... 就是夹心修饰，farmers or cows？？

选A就没有这个问题，providing them ... , and milking them ... 不可能修饰cows，因为them是指代cows的，假如修饰cows的话，就成了cows provide cows ... , and milk cows ... ，显然不通，所以只能修饰farmers

另外，providing them ... , and milking them ... 与keep them ... 更平行

大家讨论

wwwhahchn

以下是引用vacationer在2005-9-11 11:45:00的发言：

再贴一道吧.

T-4-Q19

laceName>ArocalaceName> laceType>CitylaceType> currently funds its public schools through taxes on property. In place of this system, the city plans to introduce a sales tax of three percent on all retail sales in the city. Critics protest that three percent of current retail sales falls short of the amount raised for schools by property taxes. The critics are correct on this point. Nevertheless, implementing the plan will probably not reduce the money going to Aroca’s schools. Several large retailers have selected laceName>ArocalaceName> laceType>CitylaceType> as the site for huge new stores, and these are certain to draw large numbers of shoppers from neighboring municipalities, where sales are taxed at rates of six percent and more. In consequence, retail sales in laceName>ArocalaceName> City are bound to increase substantially.

In the argument given, the two potions in boldface play which of the following roles?

A.   The first is an objection that has been raised against a certain plan; the second is a prediction that, if accurate, undermines the force of that objection.

B.    The first is a criticism, endorsed by the argument, of a funding plan; the second is a point the argument makes in favor of adopting a alternative plan.

C.   The first is a criticism, endorsed by the argument, of a funding plan; the second is the main reason cited by the argument for its endorsement of the criticism.

D.   The first is a claim that the argument seeks to refute; the second is the main point used by the argument to show that the claim is false.

E.    The first is a claim that the argument accepts with certain reservations; the second presents that claim in a rewarding that is not subject to those reservations.

我选E,答案是D,讨论贴里好多人选A

E的reservations不知道指的是什么？？选E的理由是什么？？

tania

以下是引用wwwhahchn在2005-9-13 14:45:00的发言：

GWD-31-7

A key decision required of advertising managers is whether a “hard-sell” or “soft-sell” strategy is appropriate for a specific target market. The hard-sell approach involves the use of direct, forceful claims regarding the benefits of the advertised brand over competitors’ offerings. In contrast, the soft-sell approach involves the use of advertising claims that imply superiority more subtly.
One positive aspect of the hard-sell approach is its use of very simple and straightforward product claims presented claims (?) presented as explicit conclusions, with little room for confusion regarding the advertiser’s message. However, some consumers may resent being told what to believe and some may distrust the message. Resentment and distrust often lead to counterargumentation and to boomerang effects where consumers come to believe conclusions diametrically opposed to conclusions endorsed in advertising claims. By contrast, the risk of boomerang erects is greatly reduced with soft-sell approaches. One way to implement the soft-sell approach is to provide information that implies the main conclusions the advertiser wants the consumer to draw, but leave the conclusions themselves unstated. Because consumers are invited to make up their own minds, implicit conclusions reduce the risk of resentment, distrust, and counterargumentation.
(Line 43) Recent research on consumer memory and judgment suggests another advantage of implicit conclusions. Beliefs or (form?) conclusions that are self-generated are more accessible from memory than beliefs from conclusions provided explicitly by other individuals, and thus have a greater impact on judgment and decision making. Moreover, self-generated beliefs are often perceived as more accurate and valid than the beliefs of others, because other individuals may be perceived as less less (?) knowledgeable, or may be perceived as manipulative or deliberately misleading.
Despite these advantages, implicit conclusions may mot always be more effective than explicit conclusions. One risk is that some consumers may fail to draw their own conclusions and thus miss the point of the message. Inferential activity is likely only when consumers are motivated and able to engage in effortful cognitive processes. Another risk is that some consumers may draw conclusions other than the one intended. Even if inferential activity is likely, there is no guarantee that consumers will follow the path provided by the advertiser. Finally, a third risk is that consumers may infer the intended conclusion but question the validity of their inference.

7: It can be inferred from the passage that one situation in which the boomerang effect often occurs is when consumers
A: have been exposed to forceful claims that are diametrically opposed to those in an advertiser’s message
B: have previous self-generated beliefs or conclusions that are readily accessible from memory
C: are subjected to advertising messages that are targeted at specific markets to which those consumers do not belong
D: are confused regarding the point of the advertiser’s message
E: come to view the advertiser’s message with suspicion

highlight部分：... and distrust lead ... to boomerang effects，E是对distrust的改写

第二段说消费者会产生resentment and distrust难道不是主观能动作用在起作用吗？？

而且文中对boomerang effects的定义是consumers come to believe conclusions diametrically opposed to conclusions endorsed in advertising claims，而A只说了exposed to forceful claims，即使是forceful，也不能保证消费者就一定会相信

大家讨论

改投E了，不是所有的forceful claim都会让消费者产生boomerang effects，文中只提到一部分，而这部分就是resentment 和distrust的人，所以同意选E了