9. A scientific theory is a good theory if it satisfies two requirements, It must accurately describe a large class of observations in terms of a model that is simple enough to contain only a few elements, and it must make definite predictions about the results of future observations, For example, Aristotle’s cosmological theory, which claimed that everything was made out of four elements---earth, air, fire, and water---satisfied the first requirement, but it did not make any definite, Thus, Aristotle’s cosmological theory was not a good theory. If all the statements in the passage are true, each of the following must also be true EXCEPT: (A) Prediction about the results of future observations must be made by any good scientific theory. (B) Observation of physical phenomena was not a major concern in Aristotle’s cosmological Theory (C) Four elements can be the basis of a scientific model that is simple enough to meet the Simplicity criterion of a good theory. (D) A scientific model that contains many elements is not a good theory (E) Aristotle’s cosmological theory described a large class of observations in terms of only four elements.
这题该怎样推？我原想的是 observation… a few elements + definite predictions->good theory. 为什么(A) 是must true? (A) 只提prediction, 怎么就能说 “must be made by any good scientific theory”? 不明白。
我的理解: prediction about the results of future observations must be made by any good scientific theory,即good scientific theory -->make prediction about the results of future,其逆否命题就是if the theory does not make prediction about the result of future,it is not good theory,正如题中论述为什么亚里史多得的理论不是好的理论.所以A正确.
midnight, 我又不明白了？in (a), why "good scientific theory --> prediction ", not "good scientific theory --> prediction"? A must be madd by B是B->A? 如果是这样的话， 我可要记住它。
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发表于 2003-8-15 08:07:00
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