GWD-9-Q21-23 之我被剃光头

IceOnMe

GWD-9-Q21 to GWD-9-Q23:

     In the 1930’s and 1940’s,

African American industrial

workers in the southern United

Line  States, who constituted 80 per-

(5)   cent of the unskilled factory labor

force there, strongly supported

unionization. While the American

Federation of Labor (AFL) either

excluded African Americans or

(10  ) maintained racially segregated

unions, the Congress of Industrial

Organizations (CIO) organized

integrated unions nationwide on the

basis of a stated policy of equal

(15)  rights for all, and African American

unionists provided the CIO’s backbone.

     Yet it can be argued that

through contracts negotiated and

enforced by White union mem-

(20)  bers, unions—CIO unions not

excluded—were often instrumental

in maintaining the occupational

segregation and other forms of

racial discrimination that kept

(25)  African Americans socially and

economically oppressed during

this period. However, recognizing

employers’ power over workers

as a central factor in African

(30)  Americans’ economic marginal17

ization, African American workers

saw the need to join with White

workers in seeking change despite

White unionists’ toleration of or

(35)  support for racial discrimination.

The persistent efforts of African

American unionists eventually pay off: many became highly effective

organizers, gaining the respect of

(40)  even racist White unionists by winning

victories for White as well as

African American workers. African

American unionists thus succeeded

in strengthening the unions while

(45)  using them as instruments of

African Americans’ economic

empowerment.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

GWD-9-Q21:

The passage is primarily concerned with

A. demonstrating that unions failed to address the concerns of African American workers during a particular period

B. arguing that African American workers’ participation in unions during a particular period was ultimately beneficial to them

C. contrasting the treatment of African American workers by two different labor organizations during a particular period

D. giving reasons for the success of African American unionists in winning victories for both African American and White workers during a particular period

E. questioning one explanation for the attitudes of African American workers toward unionization during a particular period

(B)My choice is D, D是不是错在winning victories for ... 这个范围太小了呢?

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GWD-9-Q22:

According to the passage, which of the following was true of many racist White unionists during the period discussed in the passage?

A. Their attitudes toward African American union organizers changed once they recognized that the activities of these organizers were serving workers’ interests.

B. They were a powerful element in the southern labor movement because they constituted the majority of the unskilled factory labor force in the southern United States.

C. They persisted in opposing the CIO’s adoption of a stated policy of equal rights for all.

D. Their primary goal was to strengthen the negotiating power of the unions through increasing White union membership.

E. Their advocacy of racial discrimination hampered unions in their efforts to gain more power for workers.

(A)

MINE is E , is E irrelavent?

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GWD-9-Q23:

The author of the passage suggests which of the following about African American workers who participated in union activities in the 1930’s and 1940’s?

A. They believed that the elimination of discrimination within unions was a necessary first step toward the achievement of economic advancement for African Americans.

B. They belonged exclusively to CIO unions because they were excluded from AFL unions.

C. They believed that the economic advancement of African American workers depended on organized efforts to empower all workers.

D. Some of them advocated the organization of separate African American unions because of discriminatory practices in the AFL and the CIO.

E. Many of them did not believe that White unionists in CIO unions would tolerate or support racial discrimination against African American workers.

(C)   my option is B, because the passage mentions that "While the American Federation of Labor (AFL) either excluded African Americans " and that"and African American unionists provided the CIO’s backbone.".Meanwhile, i can't locate anywhere  shows that the workers believed something as mentioned in C

What was worse, I can't establish a logical structure for this passage,because I can't comprehand this sentence properly:"

Yet it can be argued that

through contracts negotiated and

enforced by White union mem-

(20)  bers, unions—CIO unions not

excluded—were often instrumental

in maintaining the occupational

segregation and other forms of

racial discrimination that kept

(25)  African Americans socially and

economically oppressed during

this period. "

各位路过的好心人给些建议吧~  谢了, 这是我做的最差的一篇阅读了

[此贴子已经被作者于2005-5-6 18:44:03编辑过]

而今迈步从头越

GWD-9-Q21 to GWD-9-Q23:

In the 1930’s and 1940’s, African American industrial workers in the southern United Line  States, who constituted 80 per(5)   cent of the unskilled factory labor force there, strongly supported unionization. While the American Federation of Labor (AFL) either excluded African Americans or (10  ) maintained racially segregated unions, the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) organized integrated unions nationwide on the basis of a stated policy of equal(15)  rights for all, and African American unionists provided the CIO’s backbone.

（尽管African American非常支持工会，但是AFL要莫排斥黑人要莫建立种族隔离性质的工会，而CIO号称在平等的基础上建立全国性的联合工会，因此African American成了CIO的骨干人员）

Yet it can be argued that through contracts negotiated and enforced by White union mem(20)  bers, unions—CIO unions not excluded—were often instrumental in maintaining the occupational segregation and other forms of racial discrimination that kept (25)  African Americans socially and economically oppressed during this period.

但是据称，通过白人工会成员谈判和实施的合同，工会（包括CIO在内）实质上是支持种族隔离的，使得African Americans在社会地位和经济地位上受到压制。

However, recognizing employers’ power over workers as a central factor in African (30)  Americans’ economic marginalization, African American workers saw the need to join with White workers in seeking change despite White unionists’ toleration of or (35)  support for racial discrimination.

但是，意识到雇主凌驾于工人的权力是使得African Americans处于社会经济边缘的主要因素，African Americans工人意识到和白人工人联合取得社会地位变化的必要，尽管白人工会支持或者容忍种族主义歧视。

The persistent efforts of African American unionists eventually paid off: many became highly effective organizers, gaining the respect of (40)  even racist White unionists by winning victories for White as well as African American workers.

African Americans 的努力最终得到了回报：很多人成为了高效的组织者，也通过同时为白人和黑人工人谋取利益从而获得了甚至是白人工会主义者的尊重。

African American unionists thus succeeded in strengthening the unions while (45)  using them as instruments of African Americans’ economic empowerment.

因此通过把工会作为提高African Americans经济地位的工具，African Americans工会主义者成功的巩固了工会的地位。

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- GWD-9-Q21:

The passage is primarily concerned with

A. demonstrating that unions failed to address the concerns of African American workers during a particular period

B. arguing that African American workers’ participation in unions during a particular period was ultimately beneficial to them

C. contrasting the treatment of African American workers by two different labor organizations during a particular period

D. giving reasons for the success of African American unionists in winning victories for both African American and White workers during a particular period

E. questioning one explanation for the attitudes of African American workers toward unionization during a particular period

(B)My choice is D, D是不是错在winning victories for ... 这个范围太小了呢?

I don’t agree with you. Actually the passage provides one reason for the success of African American unionists in winning victories for both African American and White workers during a particular period-- African American workers saw the need to join with White workers in seeking change despite White unionists’ toleration of or (35) support for racial discrimination. But firstly, the passage doesn’t provide other reasons. Secondly, the reason is not the focus of the passage.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

GWD-9-Q22:

According to the passage, which of the following was true of many racist White unionists during the period discussed in the passage?

A. Their attitudes toward African American union organizers changed once they recognized that the activities of these organizers were serving workers’ interests.

B. They were a powerful element in the southern labor movement because they constituted the majority of the unskilled factory labor force in the southern United States.

C. They persisted in opposing the CIO’s adoption of a stated policy of equal rights for all.

D. Their primary goal was to strengthen the negotiating power of the unions through increasing White union membership.

E. Their advocacy of racial discrimination hampered unions in their efforts to gain more power for workers.

MINE is E , is E irrelavent?

Agree with you. A paraphrases the following words--However, recognizing employers’ power over workers as a central factor in African (30)  Americans’ economic marginalization, African American workers saw the need to join with White workers in seeking change despite White unionists’ toleration of or (35)  support for racial discrimination. The passage doesn’t mention E. Their advocacy of racial discrimination hampered African Americans joining in some unions, but didn’t hampered unions in their efforts to gain more power for workers.

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GWD-9-Q23:

The author of the passage suggests which of the following about African American workers who participated in union activities in the 1930’s and 1940’s?

A. They believed that the elimination of discrimination within unions was a necessary first step toward the achievement of economic advancement for African Americans.

B. They belonged exclusively to CIO unions because they were excluded from AFL unions.

C. They believed that the economic advancement of African American workers depended on organized efforts to empower all workers.

D. Some of them advocated the organization of separate African American unions because of discriminatory practices in the AFL and the CIO.

E. Many of them did not believe that White unionists in CIO unions would tolerate or support racial discrimination against African American workers.

my option is B, because the passage mentions that "While the American Federation of Labor (AFL) either excluded African Americans " and that "and African American unionists provided the CIO’s backbone". Meanwhile, i can't locate anywhere  shows that the workers believed something as mentioned in C

I don’t agree with you. The passage indeed mentions that AFL excluded African Americans and that African Americans unionists provided the CIO’s backbone. We can’t infer that they belonged exclusively(only) to CIO unions. There still exists the possibility that African American workers belong to unions other than CIO and AFL. About the location of C, Please refer to the following words: However, recognizing employers’ power over workers as a central factor in African(30)  Americans’ economic marginalization, African American workers saw the need to join with White workers in seeking change despite White unionists’ toleration of or (35)  support for racial discrimination.

About sentence comprehension, Pls refer to the draft translation.

IceOnMe

太谢谢了~阅读理解再考不好就太对不起斑竹JJ了~

但是这里

I don’t agree with you. Actually the passage provides one reason for the success of African American unionists in winning victories for both African American and White workers during a particular period-- African American workers saw the need to join with White workers in seeking change despite White unionists’ toleration of or (35) support for racial discrimination. But firstly, the passage doesn’t provide other reasons. Secondly, the reason is not the focus of the passage.

我觉得把通篇理解成是reason也可以啊, 先说当时的背景--这是原因, 再说他们做了些什么---也是原因. 恩可能关键在于focus的问题上吧, 我再体会体会

大恩不言谢~

而今迈步从头越

我觉得把通篇理解成是reason也可以啊, 先说当时的背景--这是原因, 再说他们做了些什么---也是原因. 恩可能关键在于focus的问题上吧, 我再体会体会

其实你可以这末看，但是实质上整篇文章讲的还是一个reason，而不是reasons。我现在一时半会记不得了，改天把OG的类似的文章和解释贴出来，到时候你再参考一下。

快要考试了吧，注意休息，不要想太多，轻松上阵吧！

IceOnMe

收到了~~谢谢~这篇我大体能行了

我现在一时半会记不得了，改天把OG的类似的文章和解释贴出来，到时候你再参考一下。

如果考的还成的话,我帮你好了,为后面的XDJM栽树, 如果考的不好,这个工作也还是我来做

天堂楼下

很全面的解释，我喜欢^^

soloenti

而今的解释真精彩

mangzi99

终于把这篇弄明白了，谢谢！

cccccc0

以下是引用而今迈步从头越在2005-5-6 21:58:00的发言：

GWD-9-Q21 to GWD-9-Q23:

In the 1930’s and 1940’s, African American industrial workers in the southern United Line  States, who constituted 80 per(5)   cent of the unskilled factory labor force there, strongly supported unionization. While the American Federation of Labor (AFL) either excluded African Americans or (10  ) maintained racially segregated unions, the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) organized integrated unions nationwide on the basis of a stated policy of equal(15)  rights for all, and African American unionists provided the CIO’s backbone.

（尽管African American非常支持工会，但是AFL要莫排斥黑人要莫建立种族隔离性质的工会，而CIO号称在平等的基础上建立全国性的联合工会，因此African American成了CIO的骨干人员）

从哪里能看出以上有转折的关系在里面的？？？是不是文章少词了阿？？？

cccccc0

真是不好意思~~~我把While the American Federation of Labor (AFL) either excluded African Americans or (10  ) maintained racially segregated unions, the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) organized integrated unions nationwide on the basis of a stated policy of equal(15)  rights for all, and African American unionists provided the CIO’s backbone.

while看成white了~~~晕~~