l's备考日记之SC错题+重点分析

lululuna

7/28复习一次

小专题：倍数 、 数值比较

(一）倍数

以2倍为例，关于twice as many/much as结构：

Source:http://www.manhattangmat.com/forums/the-number-of-people-flying-first-t5600.html

(1) If you say "twice as many", then this construction should be paired with a countable noun.

    e.g., twice as many dogs --> "dogs" is a countable noun

(2) If you said "twice as much", then this construction should be paired with an uncountable noun.

    e.g., twice as much water --> "water" is an uncountable noun

(3) If the noun in question is already an explicitly numerical quantity, then you should use neither "much" nor "many".

    Instead, you should just use "twice" or "double" by itself.

    e.g., twice the increase --> "increase" is an explicitly numerical quantity

(4) These rules are followed pretty closely.

so, for instance：

twice as much water --> correct, since "water" is an uncountable noun (but is not an explicitly numerical quantity)

twice the water... --> incorrect, since water is not a numerical quantity

twice as much as the increase... --> incorrect;redundant

twice the increase... --> correct

（二）数值
    两个数值比较
     2 is greater than 1=> correct
     2 is more than 1 => incorrect
    so, the number of 1991 is greater than that of 1990, 不可以用more
   
    同时，greater还可以用来比较程度；程度的比较也不可以用more


OG16_10

10. A long-term study of some 1,000 physicians indicates that the more coffee these doctors drank, the more they had a likelihood of coronary disease.

(A) more they had a likelihood of coronary disease

(B) more was their likelihood of having coronary disease

(C) more they would have a likelihood to have coronary disease

(D) greater was their likelihood of having coronary disease

(E) greater was coronary disease likely

* more vs greater
  程度用greater  A/B/C out
* E distort句意

OG16 Verbal分册#20题

20. The gyrfalcon, an Arctic bird of prey, has survived a close brush with extinction; its numbers are now five times greater than when the use of DDT was sharply restricted in the early 1970’s.

(A) extinction; its numbers are now five times greater than

(B) extinction; its numbers are now five times more than

(C) extinction, their numbers now fivefold what they were

(D) extinction, now with fivefold the numbers they had

(E) extinction, now with numbers five times greater than

*numbers 是 ” explicitly numerical quantity“
比较数值大小用greater，不是more B错；
*pronoun C/D 错；
* comparison
  比较前后须一致 E项 than后面 须有with结构与之平行，才能compare
  
prep08_01_Q32

181.(prep08 语法笔记）

The number of people flying first class ondomestic flights rose sharply in 1990, doubling the increase of the previous year.  

A.      doubling the increase of

B.      doubling that of the increase in

C.      double as much as the increase of

D.      twice as many as the increase in  

E.      twice as many as the increase of

*as many as+ countable noun.
    D/E out
  同位语修饰1990=》错
*B， that指向number =》带入之后逻辑意思不符
* increase 是 ” explicitly numerical quantity“
   直接加倍数，不用as much/many as,
   C/D/E out

lululuna

MEANING:遇到转折连词  ALTHOUGH/BUT,须根据句意合理性来判断选项正确与否
7/29 复习一遍

OG16_13.

Although Alice Walker published a number of essays, poetry collections, and stories during the 1970s, her third novel, The Color Purple, which was published in 1982, brought her the widest acclaim in that it won both the National Book Award as well as the Pulitzer Prize.

(A) which was published in 1982, brought her the widest acclaim in that it won both the National Book Award as well as the Pulitzer Prize

(B) published in 1982, bringing her the widest acclaim by winning both the National Book Award and the Pulitzer Prize

(C) published in 1982, brought her the widest acclaim, winning both the National Book Award and the Pulitzer Prize

(D) was published in 1982 and which, winning both the National Book Award and the Pulitzer Prize, brought her the widest acclaim

(E) was published in 1982, winning both the National Book Award as well as the Pulitzer Prize, and bringing her the widest acclaim

OA: C

**句意转折不合理排除DE，将modifier变成了句子成分，使得句意转折不合理；

**习语使用错误排除A/E  both ……and……

**sentence fragment排除B

A: incorrect idiomatic form (both as well as…)；

B：sentence fragment；

D：meaning error；parallelism

E：meaning error；parallelism；incorrect idiomatic form(both as well as…);

OG16#113题

Marconi’s conception of the radio was as a substitute for the telephone, a tool for private conversation; instead, it is precisely the opposite, a tool for communicating with a large, public audience.

(A) Marconi’s conception of the radio was as a substitute for the telephone, a tool for private conversation; instead, it is

(B) Marconi conceived of the radio as a substitute for the telephone, a tool for private conversation, but which is

(C) Marconi conceived of the radio as a tool for private conversation that could substitute for the telephone; instead, it has become

(D) Marconi conceived of the radio to be a tool for private conversation, a substitute for the telephone, which has become

(E) Marconi conceived of the radio to be a substitute for the telephone, a tool for private conversation, other than what it is,

OA:C
*instead 转折
1）未划线部分  a tool for communicating public
那么划线部分对应的转折意思应该是 a tool for private conversation, 应该作为句子的主要构成成分，而不是同位语或者修饰语A/B/E错
2） D项没有转折语义词， 错误

*代词指代错误
B/D 错误

GWD31-Q11

Cash flows to stock and bond mutual funds have gained strength in the last two months, but fund managers have not been eager to invest the new money, instead of preferring to raise the cash levelsin their portfolios at the highest level in six months.

A,have not been eager to invest the newmoney, instead of preferring to raise the cash levels in their portfolios at        
B,have not been eager to invest the newmoney, instead preferring to raise the cash levels in their portfolios to
C,have not been eager at investing the newmoney, instead of preferring to raise the cash levels in thief portfolios to
D,were not eager to invest the new money,instead of preferring to raise the cash levels the cash levels in theirportfolios at
E,were not eager at investing the new money,instead preferring to raise the cash levels in their portfolios to

OA:B

lululuna

待解决疑惑； IN DOING

更新：7/19
source:http://forum.chasedream.com/thread-1094515-2-1.html
11#

这道题还原前半句貌似是 raider ants are unlike leaf cutters and most other ants in having nests ...这种情况下in doing应该是指向主语的吧

OG16_18.

Unlike the nests of leaf cutters and most other ants, situated underground or in pieces of wood, raider ants make a portable nest by entwining their long legs to form “curtains” of ants that hang from logs or boulders, providing protection for the queen and the colony larvae and pupae.

(A) the nests of leaf cutters and most other ants,

(B) the nests of leaf cutters and most other ants, which are

(C) leaf cutters and most other ants, whose nests are

(D) leaf cutters and most other ants in having nests

(E) those of leaf cutters and most other ants with nests

OG EXP for D: This sentence correctly compares leaf cuttersand other ants with raider ants, but the prepositional phrase in having nests suggests that it is raider ants, not leaf cutters and most other ants, that have nests situatedunderground or in pieces of wood; however, the rest of the sentence indicates thatin fact raider ants’ nests are not situated in such locations.

=>in doing介词短语指向主语？？？

182. PREP08语法笔记

The organic food industry has organized a successful grassroots campaign—using Web sites, public meetings, and also mass mailings—that have convinced the Department of Agriculture to change the proposed federal regulations for organically grown food.

A. using Web sites, public meetings, and also mass mailings—that have convinced

B. using Web sites, public meetings, and mass mailings—that has convinced

C. by using Web sites, public meetings, and mass mailings—in convincing

D. by the use of Web sites, public meetings, as well as mass mailings—that convinced

E. which used Web sites, public meetings, and mass mailings—in convincing

prep08语法笔记关于in-doing的解释

in convincing不做定语而是状语，修饰的是前面分句及前面整个分句的动作organized，表达organize是convincing中的一个动作，改变原句合理逻辑含义

=>也是指向了主句动作发出者



7/25日补充
OG12_8 (using的用法类上一题）

Scientists believe that unlike the males of most species of moth, the male whistling moths of Nambung, Australia, call female moths to them by the use of acoustical signals, but not olfactory ones, and they attract their mates during the day, rather than at night.

A,by the use of acoustical signals, but not olfactory ones, and they attract  

B,by the use of acoustical signals instead of using olfactory ones, and attracting   

C,by using acoustical signals, not using olfactory ones, and by attracting

D,using acoustical signals, rather than olfactory ones, and attract  

E,using acoustical signals, but not olfactory ones, and attracting

OA: d

OG Explaination

Choice D, the best answer, is concise, maintains parallel structure, andclearly conveys the comparisons being made between the two types of moth.

In A and E, the comparison between most male moths and the male whistling mothis not clear. The use of but not does not clearly convey that most other mothsuse olfactory signals; rather than" would be preferable, as well asparallel to rather than at night.

In A, the phrase by the use of is unnecessarily wordy, and the insertion of theyis not required.

In E, the final verb should be attract (parallel to call), not attracting(parallel to using).

Choice B violates parallelism with by the use of... instead of using, as wellas with call... and attracting.

Choice C distorts the meaning of the original with its suggestion that malewhistling moths call female moths to them both by using acoustical signals andby attracting their mates during the day. The insertion of using in not usingolfactory ones is unnecessary.

T-3-Q38.

The normative model of strategic decision-making suggests that executives examine a firm’s external environment and internal conditions, and in using the set of objective criteria they derive from these analyses, can decide on a strategy.

A.    conditions, and in using the set of objective criteria they derive from these analyses, can decide

B.     conditions, and they use the set of objective criteria derived from these analyses in deciding

C.    conditions, and, in using the set of objective criteria derived from these analyses, deciding

D.    conditions and, using the set of objective criteria derived from these analyses, decide

E.     conditions, and in their use the set of objective criteria they derive from these analyses, decide

oa: D

source:http://forum.chasedream.com/thread-769771-1-1.html

首先我觉得有没有in这个介词不能小看，直接左右解题；
In+Ving用法
if you say "subject + clause + IN Verbing", then subject + clause must be an ACTUAL PART of the action of Verbing.（In+Ving在句首的用法也一致）
i solved all the problems in OG13 in preparing for the GMAT.（意为：在.....过程中.....）
--> notice that solving the problems IS ACTUALLY PART OF preparing for the test.（逻辑推理过程solving problems——>preparing GMAT)
如果你明白上面的例子，第一道题就很好解决;
A/C/E都是对In+Ving的使用，而这里修饰的是整个句子，按照字面意思翻译就是：在设定客观标准过程中executives做了一个决策性决定；
而D选项using....作为noun modifier，按照字面意思翻译就是：设定客观标准的executives做了一个决策性决定；
句子翻译成中为始终比较别扭，不过可以理解；
最好还是从逻辑推理出发,到底是
usingthe set of objective criteria ——>decide on a strategy；
or
decide on a strategy——>usingthe set of objective criteria
显然是前者符合逻辑语义吧

lululuna

7/29复习

LINKING VERB:
from Manhattan SC 5th

Watch Out for Linking Verbs

A more subtle form of parallelism involves Linking Verbs. Usually, we think of verbs as action words (walk, dance, and jump), but another class of verbs is called linking verbs. Instead of expressing what a subject does, these verbs express what the subject is, or what condition the subject is in. The most common linking verb is naturally the verb to be, but there are other linking verbs as well. Below are two lists. The first contains all the forms of the verb to be, while the second contains other common linking verbs:

To Be                          Other Linking Verbs

is                                appear seem

are                             become smell

was                             feel sound

were                           grow stay

am                              look taste

been                            remain turn

be                               represent

being                           resemble

Treat any linking verb as a parallel marker. Make the subject and the object parallel.

Wrong: The bouquet of flowers WAS a giving of love.

The two sides of the linking verb was are the bouquet and a giving. These two sides are not as structurally parallel as possible. In order to achieve true parallelism, we can rewrite the sentence replacing giving with the noun gift, so that the two sides of the linking verb are as structurally similar as possible.

Right: The bouquet of flowers WAS a gift of love.

You must also ensure that the two sides of the linking verb are parallel in meaning.

Wrong: Upon being nominated, this politician REPRESENTS a step forward in urban-rural relations in this country.

The two sides of the linking verb represents are the politician and a step forward. However, it is awkward to say that a politician himself or herself is or represents a step forward, which is an occurrence or event. Rather, the event involving the politician—his or her nomination—is what we should make parallel to the noun a step forward.

Right: The nomination of this politician REPRESENTS a step forward in urbanrural relations in this country.

OG16_31.

The remarkable similarity of Thule artifacts throughout a vast region can, in part, be explained as a very rapid movement of people from one end of North America to the other.

(A) The remarkable similarity of Thule artifacts throughout a vast region can, in part, be explained as

(B) Thule artifacts being remarkably similar throughout a vast region, one explanation is

(C) That Thule artifacts are remarkably similar throughout a vast region is, in part, explainable as

(D) One explanation for the remarkable similarity of Thule artifacts throughout a vast region is that there was

(E) Throughout a vast region Thule artifacts are remarkably similar, with one explanation for this being

OA:  D.
A, simlarity can be  explained as mvment =>错
B,explaination  is mvment=>X
C, that 从句 is explainable as mvment => X
E,错

Logical predication; Grammaticalconstruction; Rhetorical construction  

The intended meaningof the sentence is that the rapid movement of people across North America is oneexplanation of the similarity of Thule artifacts throughout a vast region. As worded,however, the sentence is illogical: The sentence indicates that the similarity inartifacts was a rapid movement of people, which makes no sense. Instead of equatingsimilarity with movement, the sentence needs to identify this movement of peopleas a cause of similarity among artifacts.  

A.Asworded, this version of the sentence makes the illogical statement that the similarityamong artifacts is explainable as a very rapid movement. It should specify thatthe similarity of artifacts may be a consequence of the rapid population movement.   

B.This version of the sentence is syntactically awkward, and leaves unclear what themain subject, one explanation is supposed to be an explanation of.

C.Like (A), this version of the sentence equates the similarity of artifacts withthe movement of people, when a causal connection is what is intended.

D.Correct. This version adequately expresses the intended causal connection.

E.This version is awkward, introducing the causal connection with the unnecessarilywordy and indirect string of prepositional phrases, with one explanation for this.. . .

The correct answer is D.

PREP08 PART1#244题

In Japan, a government advisory committee called for the breakup of Nippon Telephone and Telegraph Company, the largest telephone company in the world, so it would be two local phone companies and one long-distance provider.

A. In Japan, a government advisory committee called for the breakup of Nippon Telephone and Telegraph Company, the largest telephone company in the world, so it would be

B. The breakup of the world's largest telephone company, Nippon Telephone and Telegraph Company, was called for by a government advisory committee in Japan, so it would be

C. A government advisory committee in Japan called for the breakup of Nippon Telephone and Telegraph Company, the world‘s largest telephone company, into

D. The breakup of Nippon Telephone and Telegraph Company, the world's largest telephone company, was called for by a government advisory committee in Japan, so it would be

E. Called for by a government advisory committee, the breakup of Nippon Telephone and Telegraph Company in Japan, the world's largest telephone company, was to be into

OA: C
*linking verb "BE"
it be two companies X
A/B/D/E 错

7/20 补充

GWD30-Q41:

Elk now live almost solely in the Rocky Mountains, which would make it seem that elk are mountain dwellers, while they once ranged over virtually all of the continental United States except for a small strip in the extreme Southwest.

A.    Elk now live almost solely in the Rocky Mountains, which would make it seem that elk aremountain dwellers, while

B.    The fact that elk now live almost solely in the Rocky Mountains would  make it seem that they are mountain dwellers, but

C.    It would seem that elk would be mountain dwellers because of their living now solely almost in the Rocky Mountains, but still

D.    Now living almost solely in the Rocky Mountains, it would seem that elk were mountain dwellers, although

E.     It seems that elk would be mountain dwellers from the fact that theynow live solely almost in the Rocky Mountains, since     

OA:B

OG13_58                                         

That educators have not anticipated the impact of microcomputer technology can hardly be said that it is their fault: Alvin Toffler, one of the most prominent student of the future, did not even mention microcomputer in future shock, published in 1970.

A. that educators have not anticipated the impact of microcomputer technology can hardly be said that it is their fault
B.  that educators have not anticipated the impact of microcomputer technology can hardly be said to be at fault
C. it can hardly be said that it is the fault of educators who have not anticipated the impact of the microcomputer technology.
D. it can hardly be said that educators  are at fault for not anticipating the impact of microcomputer technology
E. the fact that educators are at fault for not anticipating the impact of microcomputer technology

OA: d

GWD-31-Q30

The United States petroleum industry’s cost to meet environmental regulations is projected at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum by the end of the decade

A.    TheUnited States petroleum industry’s cost to meet environmental regulations isprojected at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum by the end of the decade.

B.     It is estimated that by the end of the decade the cost to the United Statespetroleum industry of meeting environmental regulations will be ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum.

C.    By the end of the decade, the United States petroleum industry’s cost of meetingenvironmental regulations is projected at ten percent of the price per barrelof refined petroleum.

D.    To meet environmental regulations, the cost to the United States petroleumindustry is estimated at ten percent of the price per barrel of refinedpetroleum by the end of the decade.

E.     The United States petroleum industry’s cost by the end of the decade to meetenvironmental regulations is estimated at ten percent of the price per barrelof refined petroleum.

OA: b

lululuna

7/29review

GWD1-Q41:
Leaching, the recovery of copper from the drainage water of mines, as a method of the extraction of minerals, it was well established as early as the eighteenth century, but until about 25 years ago miners did not realize that bacteria take an active part in the process.

A.as a method of the extraction of minerals, it was well established
B.as a method of the extraction of minerals well established
C.was a well-established method of mineral extraction
D.was a well-established method of extracting mineral that was
E.had been a method of mineral extraction, well established


1) no sentence fragment
=> A/B OUT

2) split between C AND E

*tense
    past perfect tense: the action has ended in the past
               used when (1)emphasize the order of actions
                               (2) have bearing context on the later event
   E didn't fit the usage, actually the leaching was still in use by the time when the later action happened

*essential VS non-essential Modifier
  WHY WE NEED ESSENTIAL MODIFIER HERE?
  FOR THE MEANING LEVEL
  But 表示转折，
   first half sentence： 过滤已经成为矿产提炼的一项完善建立的方法
   sencond half: 但是开矿人的人直到25年之后才意识到细菌在这个过程中起了重要的作用

C，essential modifier " a well-established method "
E， non essential modifier ", well established"

句意要比较的时 该方法已经完善建立，但是在它内部起作用的某个重要成分一致没被发觉。
   是 物体本身的完整性和物体内部的疏漏进行比较=> essential modifier

补充知识：
essential VS non-essential Modifier

RON
source：https://www.manhattanprep.com/gmat/forums/one-of-the-earliest-known-birds-with-a-beak-and-contour-feat-t1946.html

an "essential" modifier (which is NOT set off by commas) is a modifier that actually narrows orspecifies the noun/action to which it's attached.
for instance:
our top student whose score fell below 50 received a consolation prize.
--> this doesn't refer to the top student among all of our students; this only refers to the top student among those whose scores fell below 50 points. therefore, we need the essential modifier (no commas) to narrow "our students" to "students whose score fell below 50".

a "nonessential" modifier (which IS set off by commas) is a modifier that does not narrow or specify the nouns/action to any greater degree than does the rest of the sentence; it merely provides more information about that noun/action.
for instance:
our top student, whose score fell below 50, received a consolation prize.
--> here, we are actually talking about our top student. the meaning of the sentence is that all of our students' scores were below 50, but at least our top student received a consolation prize.

lululuna

Comparison
之 动词是否需要补出之谜

OG16_111.

According to recent studies comparing the nutritional value of meat from wild animals and meat from domesticated animals, wild animals have less

total fat than do livestock fed on grain and more of a kind of fat they think is good for cardiac health.

(A) wild animals have less total fat than do livestock fed on grain and more of a kind of fat they think is

(B) wild animals have less total fat than livestock fed on grain and more of a kind of fat thought to be

(C) wild animals have less total fat than that of livestock fed on grain and have more fat of a kind thought to be

(D) total fat of wild animals is less than livestock fed on grain and they have more fat of a kind thought to be

(E) total fat is less in wild animals than that of livestock fed on grain and more of their fat is of a kind they think is

Logical predication; Rhetoricalconstruction

The sentence reports research findings on the comparisonbetween the fat content of wild animals and that of domestic livestock. The mostsignificant error in the sentence is in the phrase they think: the pronoun theyeither lacks a referent or is meant to refer back to wild animals, which would benonsensical.

A，The pronoun they fails to refer correctly.

B，Correct. The phrase thought to be eliminates the most significant error in the originalsentence. Note that while the phrase less total fat than livestock differs fromthe phrase less total fat than do livestock in the original, either would be correcthere.

C，The resulting sentence is unnecessarily wordy and confusing. The pronoun that is not only superfluous, but it fails to refer back to anything.(结合下面ron的解释）

D，The resulting sentence makes a nonsensical comparison between total fat and livestock.

E，The resulting sentence is wordy and confusing. It lacks the required parallelismin wild animals . . . in livestock. The referent of the possessive pronoun theiris ambiguous, as is the referent of the pronoun they.

PREP
There is a widespread belief in the United States and Western Europe that young people have a smaller commitment to work and a career than their parents and grandparents and that the source of the change lies in the collapse of the "work ethic."

A a smaller commitment to work and a career than their parents and grandparents
B less of a commitment to work and a career than their parents and grandparents
C a smaller commitment to work and a career than that of their parents and grandparents
D less of a commitment to work and a career than their parents and grandparents had
E a lessening of the commitment to work and a career that their parents and grandparents had

My Qs@ Manhattanprep
source: https://www.manhattanprep.com/gmat/forums/post115705.html?hilit=#p115705

what's the split between C and D?

1) a smaller commitment to VS less of a commitment to ?
OR
2)than that of their parents and grandparents VS than their parents and grandparents had?

Thx~~~

Answer from RON

#1 is there to distract you.

for #2—'that of their parents and grandparents' is 'the ____ of their parents and grandparents'.
for this to work in a comparison, it should be compared with 'young people's ____'.

e.g.,
Because of the tech boom, many young people's net worth is already greater than that of their parents or grandparents.

we don't have that here.

in the correct answer, on the other hand, the parallelism is absolutely perfect:
young people have || their parents and grandparents had

7/25补充

GWD30-Q29:

Researchers agreed that the study of new treatments for heart attack patients was extremelyimportant but more research was needed to determine that balloon angioplastypreceded with ultrasound was or was not any better for heart attack patientsthanthe balloon procedure by itself.

A.    more research was needed to determine that balloon angioplasty preceded with ultrasound was or was not any better for heart attack patients than

B.     more research was needed for determining whether or not balloon angioplasty precededby ultrasound is any better for heart attack patients than is

C.    that more research was needed to determine whether balloon angioplasty preceded by ultrasound is any better for heart attack patients than

D.    that more research was needed to determine that balloon angioplasty preceded with ultrasound was any better for heart attack patients than

E.     that more research was needed for determining that balloon angioplasty preceded by ultrasound is or is not any better for heart attack patients than is

OA:c

Ron
Source:https://www.manhattanprep.com/gmat/forums/sentence-correction-question-from-the-gmat-prep-t14436.html?hilit=Researchers%20agreed%20that%20the%20study%20of%20new%20treatments%20for%20heart%20attack%20patients%20was%20extremely%20important

no.
it's not wrong to insert a helping verb there, but such a verb is only necessary if the sentence is ambiguous without it.

for instance:
i have played hockey longer than my brother.
--> this sentence is perfectly fine, as there is no ambiguity -- there is only one thing that thesentence can possibly mean.
i have played hockey longer than my brother has.
i have played hockey longer than has my brother.
--> these are both fine as well, although the extra helping verb is unnecessary.

BUT
i have known sarah longer than tom.
--> this sentence is incorrect, because it's ambiguous. it's impossible to tell which is the intended meaning between (1) i know both sarah and tom, but i met sarah before i met tom, or (2) both tom and i know sarah, but i met sarah before tom did.
in this instance, we need some extra element that will resolve the ambiguity (e.g., i have known sarah longer than tom has).

GWD22_30
The new image of Stone Age people as systematic hunters of large animals, rather than merely scavenging for meat, have emerged from the examination of tools found in Germany, including three wooden spears that archaeologists believe to be about 400,000 years old.

A.merely scavenging for meat, have emerged from the examination of tools found in Germany, including
B.as merely scavenging for meat, have emerged from examining tools found in Germany, which include
C.as mere meat scavengers, has emerged from examining tools found in Germanythat includes
D.mere scavengers of meat, has emerged from the examination of tools found in Germany, which includes
E.mere scavengers of meat, has emerged from the examination of tools found in Germany, including

OA: E

PREP-50Many teenagers undergo stress, but results of a recent study indicate that the patterns of stress that
girls experience are more likely to result in depression than are those that boys experience.

(A) are those that boys experience
(B) what boys experience
(C) boys' experience would
(D) boys' stress patterns do
(E) stress patterns of boys

MGMT_sc_6th

A noun used to modify another noun is called an Appositive.

RON:

nope, you need the helping verb 'are'.
without 'are', you have the following AMBIGUITY:
(meaning 1) more likely to result in depression than are stress patterns typical of boys (theintended meaning)
(meaning 2) more likely to result in depression than in stress patterns typical of boys

including 'are' kills the ambiguity by specifying meaning number 1.

in general, if you notice answer choices that differ in their inclusion/exclusion of some little helping word - especially a helping verb - check for ambiguity if you remove the helping word. remember only to check for semantic ambiguity (i.e., the presence of 2 possible meanings, regardless of which is more expected or reasonable). DO NOT use 'common sense' to resolve ambiguities; if a sentence is ambiguous, it's ambiguous.

OA: a

og11_106紫皮

Inuits of the Bering Sea were in isolation from contact with Europeans longer than Aleuts or Inuits of the North Pacific and northernAlaska.

(A)  in isolation from contact with Europeans longer than

(B)  isolated from contact with Europeans longer than

(C)  in isolation from contact with Europeans longer than were

(D)  isolated from contact with Europeans longer than were

(E)  in isolation and without contacts with Europeans longer than

同PREP50，倒装补出动词

Idiom + Logical predication

The construction in isolation from is awkward；the idiomatic way to express this idea is isolated from．The comparison is ambiguous；it could mean the Bering Sea Inuits were isolated from Europeans 1onger than they were isolated from A1euts and other Inuits or that they were isolated from Europeans 10nger than A1euts and other Inuits were isolated from Europeans．Adding were after than will solve this problem．

A  In isolation from is not the correct idiom；the comparison is ambiguous．

B  The comparison is ambiguous．

C  In isolation from is not the correct idiom．

D  Correct．The idiom isolated fore is correctly used in this sentence；the comparison is clear and unambiguous．

E  In isolation…with is incorrect and confusing；the comparison is ambiguous

Q41. GWD-12-Q28:

Somescientists contend that many species of dinosaur had a metabolism more likea warm-blooded mammal’s than a cold-blooded reptile’s.

A.   that many species of dinosaurhad a metabolism more like

B.    that the metabolism of manydinosaur species were more like

C.   that the metabolisms of many species of dinosaurs were more like those of

D.   there were many species ofdinosaurs that had metabolisms more like those of

E.    there were many dinosaurspecies that had a metabolism more like that of

OA: A

lululuna

wtih

source:https://www.manhattanprep.com/gmat/forums/sc-the-results-of-the-company-s-cost-cutting-measures-are-t8497.html?hilit=the%20results%20of%20company%27s%20cost%20cutting

lululuna

7/29复习

根据intented meaning判断句子重心

GWD25-Q17

Until recently, the Inuit people led a nomadic existence, sheltering in igloos, the ice-block domes that are peculiar to north-centralCanada, and in structures made of stones, bones, driftwood, and skins.

A.    Until recently, the Inuit people led a nomadic existence, sheltering

B.    During recent times, the Inuit people lead a nomadic existence, sheltering

C.    In the times that are recent, the Inuit people led a nomadic existence, sheltered  

D.    Up until recently, the Inuit people,leading a nomadic existence, have sheltered  

E.     Until recent times, leading a nomadic existence, the Inuit people were sheltered

OA:A

RON
source:https://www.manhattanprep.com/gmat/forums/post105638.html?hilit=Until%20recently,%20the%20Inuit%20people%20led%20a%20nomadic%20existence#p105638

1)"Recent times" are in the past. The recent past, sure—but still the past. Not the present.

2)"Up" is redundant, since "until" already carries this meaning.

• The sentence implies that the Inuit are no longer nomads.
If they were still nomads, the sentence wouldn't say "until recently"; it would say "until now" (or some equivalent). Remember that "recently", albeit not too long ago, is still a time in the past.
So, you need the past tense. In that choice, you'd want "sheltered". Not "have sheltered" (which implies "up to the present").

3)about C
if you read the modifier that way, the previous sentence (= the stuff that it's modifying) has to describe something that the inuit people do while sheltered in igloos.
e.g.,
Amaqjuaq was safe from the bitter Arctic cold, sheltered in an igloo for the night.

OG13_81
Fossils of the arm of a sloth found in Puerto Rico in 1991, and dated at 34 million years old, made it the earliest known mammal of the Greater Antilles islands.

A. sloth found in Puerto Rico in 1991, and dated at 34 million years old, made it the earliest known mammal of
B. sloth, that they found in Puerto Rico in 1991, has been dated at 34 million years old, thus making it the earliest mammal known on
C. sloth that was found in Puerto Rico in 1991, was dated at 34 million years old, making this the earliest known mammal of
D. sloth, found in Puerto Rico in 1991, have been dated at 34 million years old, making the sloth the earliest known mammal on
E. sloth which, found in Puerto Rico in 1991, was dated at 34 million years old, made the sloth the earliest known mammal of

OA   D

OG13_105

Marconi's conception of the radio was as a substitute for the telephone, a tool for private conversation; instead, it is precisely the opposite, a tool for communicating with a large, public audience.

A  Marconi's conception of the radio was as a substitute for the telephone, a tool for private conversation; instead, it is  
B  Marconi conceived of the radio as a substitute for the telephone, a tool for private conversation, but which is  
C   Marconi conceived of the radio as a tool for private conversation that could substitute for the telephone; instead, it has become
D  Marconi conceived of the radio to be a tool for private conversation, a substitute for the telephone, which has become  
E  Marconi conceived of the radio to be a substitute for the telephone, a tool for private conversation, other than what it is,

OA: C

lululuna

7/17 错题
待解决

GWD31-38

In 1852 Robert Angus Smith published a detailed report of the chemistry of rain kin alarge area around the city of Manchester, England, noting that the closer one came to town, the more the city air would become increasingly acidic.

A.       that the closer one came to town, the more the city air would become increasingly acidic

B.       that the city air became increasingly acidic the closer one came to town

C.      that coming closer to town, thecity air became increasingly acidic

D.      that the more the city air became increasingly acidic, the closer one was to town

E.       the city air becomingincreasingly acidic as one would come closer to town

OA: B

lululuna

7/19 错题

GWD4-Q17

The steel industry has changed radically overthe last two decades, as large, integrated companies such as Bethlehem Steelonce conducted operations from mining at one end of the process to shipping atthe other have greatly downsized, or in some cases shut down altogether.

A.   aslarge, integrated companies such as Bethlehem Steel

B.    aslarge, integrated companies, such as Bethlehem Steel, that

C.   withlarge, integrated companies, such as Bethlehem Steel, that

D.   whilelarge, integrated companies, such as Bethlehem Steel, that

E.    andlarge, integrated companies such as Bethlehem Steel

OA: B

* S-V agreement
*meaning 是否有句意转折（but/although-conj)，并列(and-conj)，伴随/与此同时(sub-conjunction)

CONJ-SUBORD（表示两件事情同时发生）当…的时候，在…的同时If something happens as something else happens, it happens at the same time.

TTGWD4-Q30

Under high pressure and intense heat,graphite, the most stable form of pure carbon, changes into the substance commonly referred to as diamond and remaining this way whether or notthe heat and pressure are removed.

A.   remaining this way whether or not

B.    remaining like that even as

C.   remaining as such whether or not

D.   remainsin this way although

E.    remains thus even when

OA: E

*S-V AGREEMENT
  S= graphite
  V=changes……and remains……   
  A/B/C out

*split D&E

RON:
Source:https://www.manhattanprep.com/gmat/forums/post14618.html?hilit=Under%20high%20pressure%20and%20intense%20heat,%20graphite#p14618

"remains thus" would possibly be fine. it sounds a bit stilted and archaic, but i've certainly seen that kind of construction before.
however, it's also quite possible that the gmat will deride that sort of construction as wordy / awkward / unclear (especially "unclear"; the gmat requires a very high standard of precision in SC sentences).
so, the jury is out until we see evidence one way or the other on an official problem.

--

"in this way" would NOT be fine, because no "way" has been described. in fact, no adverb is present at all to be properly parallel to "in this way" (an adverbial construction); diamond is most certainly not a "way" of doing anything.

GWD4-Q39

Unearthed in China, fossils of feathered dinosaurs offer the most dramatic evidence yet discovered of the close evolutionary relationship between dinosaurs and birds.

A.    offer the most dramatic evidence yet discovered of the close evolutionary relationship between dinosaurs and birds

B.     offer evidence more dramatic than what has yet been discovered of the close evolutionary relationship between dinosaurs and birds

C.    have offered the most dramatic evidence of the close evolutionary relationship between dinosaurs and birds that have yet been discovered

D.    have offered the most dramatic evidence of the close evolutionary relationship between dinosaurs and birds

E.     have offered more dramatic evidence than any that has yet been discovered of the close evolutionary relationship between dinosaurs and birds

OA: A

这题属于无知错误吧，根本没看懂题目里的意思

A中的yet discovered是修饰evidence，意思是刚发现的证据,of 是连接evidence的

YET有”UP TO THE TIME“的意思

yet在這裡指的是「迄今為止」，等同於until now/then以及so far，必須與最高級連用，「後位」修飾比較級。Longman字典是這樣解釋的：

the biggest/worst etc (something) yet
used to say that something is the biggest, worst etc of its kind that has existed up to now: This could turn out to be our biggest mistake yet.
Nordstrom’s latest novel looks like his best yet.