OG-78

triangle

78. A group of children of various ages was read stories in which people caused harm, some of those people doing so intentionally, and some accidentally. When asked about appropriate punishments for those who had caused harm, the younger children, unlike the older ones, assigned punishments that did not vary according to whether the harm was done intentionally or accidentally. Younger children, then, do not regard people’s intentions as relevant to punishment.
Which of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the conclusion above?
(A) In interpreting these stories, the listeners had to draw on a relatively mature sense of human psychology in order to tell whether harm was produced intentionally or accidentally.
(B) In these stories, the severity of the harm produced was clearly stated.
(C) Younger children are as likely to produce harm unintentionally as are older children.
(D) The older children assigned punishment in a way that closely resembled the way adults had assigned punishment in a similar experiment.
(E) The younger children assigned punishments that varied according to the severity of the harm done by the agents in the stories.
用排除法后只剩下A,但A中的答案却似乎也解释不通。文中的结论是：younger children不认为intension和punishment相关，但A并没有削弱这一点，反而有加强的意思？

[此贴子已经被作者于2005-4-12 14:29:15编辑过]

gre3333

结论说比较幼小的孩子认为惩罚和是否是有意伤害无关，这个结论的一个assumption就是幼小的孩子可以辨别是否是有意伤害。

A是说听故事的人需要比较成熟的心理状态去辨别有意伤害还是无意伤害；也就是说，当孩子很小时，没有能力去辨别。

所以A削弱了结论的assumption，也就削弱了结论。

regine

still don't understand, pls explain in other ways, thanks

serena2002

结论是小孩子认为惩罚和是不是故意的没有必然联系!这是文中的说法!而A项说只有有成熟心态的人才能分清是不是故意的!也就是说小孩分不清!所以言外之意就是不是小孩不认为惩罚和故意没联系!而是他们没有分辨力!这样就削弱了文中结论!不知有没有说明白!

yuyangfirst

这是削弱题的一种类型

认为题中所说的办法没有可行性，在这道题中就是孩子没有能力分辨两者，所以他的判断也就没有意义了

boyray

那么E呢，似乎也是类似的思路啊，因为小孩只是按照错误的严重性来决定punishments，而不是根据intentionally or accidentally，不是也削弱了吗？

judydongxueni

A小孩子不是不把有意无意作为考虑要素而是他们根本还不能判断什么是有意什么是无意

E没有削弱assumption啊，它跟有意无意根本没有关系啊。没有削弱假设自然也就没有削弱结论。

eric_xue

ok

superdino

A项的意思：在具体说明这个故事时（听完故事后，让那些孩子说怎么分配惩罚的时候），这些听者（孩子们）必须先有对人类心理相对成熟的思维，才能说出什么是有意或无意造成的危害。

说出INTETION－》成熟的思维，只有成熟的思维才能说出有意或是无意

OG解释的意思是：A表明了小孩子YOUNGER CHILDREN可能不能说出有意无意，因为他们没有成熟的思维。如此，即便小孩子在内心里是按照INTETION来分配惩罚，但是他们说不出，they might be unable to apply this criterion here.他们不会用INTETIONAL或者ACCIDENTAL这种标准来说怎么分配惩罚。而题目说，小孩子根本没有考虑用这个标准CRITERION来分配。从而削弱了题目。

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cccccc0

up