gwd18-10

Princessie

Q7 to Q10:

      The term “episodic memory” was

       introduced by Tulving to refer to what he

       considered a uniquely human capacity—

Line       the ability to recollect specific past events,

  (5)       to travel back into the past in one’s own

mind—as distinct from the capacity simply

to use information acquired through past

experiences.  Subsequently, Clayton et al.

developed criteria to test for episodic

(10)      memory in animals.  According to these

criteria, episodic memories are not of

individual bits of information; they involve

multiple components of a single event

“bound” together.  Clayton sought to

(15)      examine evidence of scrub jays’ accurate

memory of “what,” “where,” and “when”

information and their binding of this infor-

mation.  In the wild, these birds store food

for retrieval later during periods of food

(20)      scarcity.  Clayton’s experiment required

       jays to remember the type, location, and

       freshness of stored food based on a unique

learning event.  Crickets were stored in one

location and peanuts in another.  Jays

(25)      prefer crickets, but crickets degrade

more quickly.  Clayton’s birds switched

their preference from crickets to peanuts

once the food had been stored for a certain

length of time, showing that they retain

(30)      information about the what, the where,

and the when.  Such experiments cannot,

however, reveal whether the birds were

       reexperiencing the past when retrieving the

information.  Clayton acknowledged this by

using the term “episodic-like” memory.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Q10:

In order for Clayton’s experiment to show that scrub jays have episodic-like memory, which of the following must be true in the experiment?

Some of the jays retrieved stored peanuts on the first occasion they were allowed to retrieve food.

All the crickets were retrieved before any of the peanuts were.

The peanuts were stored further away than the crickets.

When a jay attempted to retrieve a cricket or a peanut, the jay was prevented from eating it.

Throughout the experiment the jays were fed at levels typical of a time of scarcity.

请教第10题，答案E。实验和缺乏时间有什么关系呢？

蓝夕叶子

(15)      examine evidence of scrub jays’ accurate

memory of “what,” “where,” and “when”

information and their binding of this infor-

mation.  In the wild, these birds store food

for retrieval later during periods of food

(20)      scarcity.  

定位是在19－20 line。开始的时候我也做错了。说明ETS很狡猾，细节题考的很刁。。。

wzhyan

这个题目什么意思

这种测试一定要在食物短缺的情况下做才可以吗

findjuhl

不太理解2楼的引用，2楼的引用说在野外鸟儿需要为了应付食物短缺的季节而收藏食物。E说鸟的确是按照食物缺乏的时间来喂。文章说的是，经过了一个独特的学习模式让鸟记住了食物的地点等等，所以鸟才能去寻找，这个和自然是没关系的，纯粹为了证明鸟能记住之前食物的存放地。而文章的最后说，试验结果不能确定是否鸟经历了之前的找回经验。如果E是正确的话，那么就能证明，鸟的确经历了之前的找回过程，和时间、自然、食物等信息联系到一起，这样的话就不是episodic-like，而是episodic memory了。

所以我选A

tjuwenzi

这题A是正确的。

A说鸟在回去找食物时首先找的就是peanut，这个符合原文说的鸟prefer
            cricket，但是能记住什么储存cricket的，如果储存时间过长的话，cricket就腐烂了，于是鸟就prefer peanut了。如果假设A不成立，就是说鸟都会先去看cricket，然后发现腐烂了再去找peanut，这就不能证明鸟能retain 
                        information about the what, the where,and the when了。这就与原文矛盾。所以A必对！

E是无关选项。原文只是说鸟会储藏食物，以备食物匮乏时用。E是说“贯穿整个实验，鸟一直被喂食物缺乏时（他们所需的）饭量”。这个不是必然。

joejo9

同意樓上的觀點 我也選A

有達人出來證實一下嗎？

raikey

我偏向于B

参见http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?boardID=25&ID=252217&page=1

flamedream

“must be true in the experiment?”

我的理解是要注意题目中的词MUST

ABCD中都只能说明个例或者某些方面

只有E不和题目冲突

ktchow

I believe the answer is A: Jays retrieve the same (satisfies what)
stored (satisfies where) peanuts at the first opportunity (when).
"Clayton’s birds switched

their preference from crickets to peanuts

once the food had been stored for a certain

length of time, showing that they retain

 (30)  information about the what, the where,

and the when. "

Why
Not B: Retrieving "rotting" crickets would not satisfy the "what"
requirement. Rotting crickets do not equal the "fresh" crickets that
the Jays presumably remember
Why Not E: The question is asking what
can cause Episode-Like memory. Being fed during food scarcity has
nothing to do with qualifying for the 3 requirements of Episode-Like
memory.

罗马青年

我也选A