屁屁豆的成长日记：做一个勇敢努力的阳光美少女【脚踏实地，坚信努力就会有好运！】

叶晴豆

A pressing need in the study of organizations is for more research into how an organization's values (an organization's guiding principles and beliefs as perceived by its members) affect managerial decision-making. Traditional theories have been based on a "rational model," which focuses on the decision-maker and either ignores the organizational value climate or conveniently assumes that the organization's values are consistent or clearly prioritized. In reality, however, decisions are shaped not only by a manager's own values, but also by those of the corporate culture and of organizational superiors. A recent study found that managers' most stressful decisions involved "value contention争吵，争论" (conflicts among any of these sets of values). 进一步解释什么是value contention: Furthermore, different types of organizational value systems were associated with different frequencies of contending values as well as with different types of managerial response. 到这里才开始说，这个value contention是怎么affect managers的：Explicit corporate values, for example, produced a greater percentage of decisions that were Q stressful due to value contention. Hidden values (those that an organization practices but does not acknowledge or which a superior furtively pursues in opposition to the values of the organization) produced a lower level of value contention. Although explicit values created more value contention, they were nonetheless关键的在后面 more likely to produce flexible, well-reasoned decisions. Conversely, managers perplexed by hidden values reported feeling unable to identify an appropriate range of options.
这篇全对。文章脉络非常清楚，但是题目比较晦涩，考的全是细节题。
毁三观的单词意思：content n.内容；v.满意，愿意 contention n.争吵，争论   contend v.（尤指在争吵中）声称，主张
易混：intention n.计划，打算，意图
According to the passage, value contention has been shown to affect managers by                                 
A decreasing their ability to conform顺从，顺应，遵守 to the values of the organization
B decreasing their ability to discern觉察出，识别出 clearly the guiding principles and beliefs of the organization
C narrowing their range of options in the decision-making process
D increasing the frequency and intensity of conflicts with superiors and subordinates
E increasing the level of mental or emotional strain that accompanies the decision-making process 相当于同义替换了
五个选项全读完，总能找到一个同义替换。

叶晴豆

In corporate purchasing, competitive scrutiny竞争性检查 is typically limited to suppliers of items that are directly related to end products. With "indirect" purchases (such as computers, advertising, and legal services), which are not directly related to production, corporations often favor "supplier partnerships" (arrangements in which the purchaser forgoes放弃，弃绝 the right to pursue alternative suppliers), which can inappropriately负评价词 shelter suppliers from rigorous competitive scrutiny that might afford the purchaser economic leverage经济杠杆. There are two independent variables—availability of alternatives and ease of changing suppliers—that companies should use to evaluate the feasibility of subjecting suppliers of indirect purchases to competitive scrutiny. This can create four possible situations.
没太读明白，分析一下。这篇文章其实有两段，但所有的考题都集中在第一段。
purchaser就是公司

Which of the following can be inferred about supplier partnerships, as they are described in the passage?                                 
A They cannot be sustained unless the goods or services provided are available from a large number of suppliers. 没提到
B They can result in purchasers paying more for goods and services than they would in a competitive-bidding situation.---B正确，但有一点疑惑的是出现了在第二段出现的词，遂认为其跨段。
C They typically are instituted at the urging of the supplier rather than the purchaser.没提
D They are not feasible when the goods or services provided are directly related to the purchasers' end products.跨行
E They are least appropriate when the purchasers' ability to change suppliers is limited.错选---脑抽了把least看成了less，但即使less也不对，不是当购买者换供应商的能力被limited了它才不合适，是本来就不合适。教训：出现了最高级之类的极端词，一定要警惕，原文是否有相同意思？
corporations often favor "supplier partnerships" (arrangements in which the purchaser forgoes the right to pursue alternative suppliers), which can inappropriately shelter suppliers from rigorous competitive scrutiny that might afford the purchaser economic leverage.公司通常会喜欢supplier partnerships，即公司经常会放弃追逐可替代的供应商，这个partnership会不适当地给一些供应商进行庇护，让这些供应商免于严苛的市场检验，而这些市场检验会负担买方的经济杠杆---买方的利益可以得到保证。
经济杠杆：http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leverage_(finance)
---这题从括号里的定义也可以直接推。购买者放弃了选择权，supplier没有了竞争，那就只能花更多的钱了。后面的话也进一步解释了，供应商免于市场检验从而买方的economic leverage无法被afford。

olivia瓜瓜

叶晴豆 发表于 2014-1-11 08:11
今天就是常规任务啦~
早上：单词1.5小时，RC两篇+分析
下午：刷OG gaps（今天一定要唰唰唰唰唰多解决一些~ ...

早噢。

叶晴豆

今天就是常规任务啦~
早上：单词1.5小时，RC两篇+分析
下午：刷OG gaps（今天一定要唰唰唰唰唰多解决一些~），说要复习的笔记要先复习完（拖了两天了，摔！）
晚上：刷CR 至少把weaken的难题分析完，再看几道assumption 的。笔记也跟上
就这么多啦~今天要开始打卡写完成情况，给自己一点压力
--------
今天把逻辑机经刷完了嘿嘿。因为爱豆又更新了~爱豆就是我的动力~
笔记乖乖地看完了，按个赞！
不过单词任务和CR任务没有完成，并且做阅读的时候惊觉背过的单词由于没复习忘了不少= =！
另外：毕设的任务书没有下发，担忧中……同组的舍友说：我说你啊你，想那么多干嘛！
咳咳咳~今天总的来说效率还是不高，其实本来可以完成更多的任务的。
不过，还是固执地慢慢进步，相信明天会更好吧，嗯。就这样！

olivia瓜瓜

叶晴豆 发表于 2014-1-10 23:28
屁豆儿现在很鸡血也很开森，因为和爱豆在Q上耍了几句宝，喷了一屏的小心心~（施主是枚善良油菜的大帅锅！） ...

哈哈，屁冲冲明早早起，瓜来监督啊〜

叶晴豆

屁豆儿现在很鸡血也很开森，因为和爱豆在Q上耍了几句宝，喷了一屏的小心心~（施主是枚善良油菜的大帅锅！）顺着去找其CD的资料更是喷出一口老血，跪倒在地。
受热血鼓舞把爱豆的分析稿刷了一遍，并且坚定地订了下一步的计划。
每天定下的SC和CR刷OG的任务总是完不成，不过也不着急了。学到东西才是最重要的，我一定会尽力尽快完成的。
前几天一直静不下心来，现在心情很好很平静。
明天一定要早起一次！

叶晴豆

Over the last 150 years, large stretches一大片 of salmon habitat have been eliminated by human activity:mining, livestock grazing, timber harvesting, and agriculture as well as recreational and urban devel- opment. The numerical effect is obvious: Q2there are fewer salmon in degraded regions than in pris- tine ones一个后果; however, habitat loss also has the potential to reduce genetic diversity第二个后果.解释第二个后果 This is most evident in cases where it results in the extinction of entire salmon populations. Indeed, most analysts believe that some kind of environmental degradation underlies the demise of many extinct salmon populations. Although some rivers have been recolonized, the unique genes of the original populations have been lost.---第一段，提出现象：许多habitat被人类活动给减少了，本栖息地的salmon数量和gene多样性被减少了

Large-scale disturbances in one locale also have the potential to alter the genetic structure of populations in neighboring areas, even if those areas have pristine崭新的，清新的 habitats---第二段中心句：邻近地区也受影响. Why?后面就在解释这个why： Although the homing instinct of salmon to their natal stream is strong, a fraction of the fish returning from the sea (rarely more than 15 percent) stray迷失 and spawn in nearby streams. 低迷失率和高迷失率的不同：Low levels of straying are crucial, since the process provides a source of novel genes and a mechanismQ3 by which a location can be repopulated should the fish there disappear. Yet high rates of straying can be problematic because misdirected fish may interbreed with the existing stock to such a degree that any local adaptations that are present become diluted. Straying rates remain relatively low when environmental conditions are stable, but can increase dramatically when streams suffer severe disturbance. 举例说明：内容不重要The 1980 volcanic eruption of Mount Saint Helens, for example, sent mud and debris into several tributaries of the Columbia River. For the next couple of years, steelhead trout(a species included among the salmonids) returning from the sea to spawn were forced to find alternative streams. As a consequence, their rates of straying, initially 16 percent, rose to more than 40 percent overall.

Although no one has quantified量化 changes in the rate of straying as a result of the disturbances caused by humans, there is no reason to suspect that the effect would be qualitatively different than what was seen in the Q1aftermath of the Mount Saint Helens eruption. Such a dra- matic increase in straying from damaged areas to more pristine streams results in substantial gene flow, which can in turn lower the overall fitness of subsequent generations.

Q1:
The author mentions the "aftermath of the Mount Saint Helens eruption" most likely in order to

B indicate the extent to which the disturbance of salmon habitat by human activity in one stream might affect the genetic structure of salmon populations elsewhereC provide a standard of comparison against which the impact of human activity on the gene flow among salmon populations should be measured
B,C之间徘徊了很久，最终选错。---其实就是对effect有个直观的解释。这句话的意思是：尽管没有人可以量化人类行为引起的对于salmon迷失率的变化，但是没有理由怀疑（人类行为）带来的后果和MSH爆发带来的后果确实有本质的上的不同。这里强调的是一个类比。
思路错了---看见MS前文出现过，本能地往前顺着找回第二段，MS eruption出现在例子中，明确例子的作用---解释前一句话---看见disturbance---选错
再次犯低级错误：问的是function，联系的应该是前后句。不需要关心这个details的内容。
往后看就可以了，看见一个such（其实就是解释MS的内容），紧接着一个result in---其后就是选项的改写。---这么一想，其实B选项跨段了。

Q2 教训：没发现可以被绝对proved的选项，思考是不是定位出了问题？
According to the passage, human activity has had which of the following effects on salmon populations?                                 

A An increase in the size of salmon populations in some previously polluted rivers 是decrease
B A decline in the number of salmon in some rivers
C A decrease in the number straying salmon in some rivers 跨段
D A decrease in the gene flow between salmon populations that spawn in polluted streams and populations that spawn in pristine streams 跨段
E A decline in the vulnerability of some salmon populations to the effects of naturally occurring habitat destruction 在第三段，也与原文意思相反
这题其实定位在第一段。特别容易读了后面的忘了前面的。

Q3 It can be inferred from the passage that the occasional failure偶尔性错误---低迷失率 of some salmon to return to their natal streams in order to spawn provides a mechanism by which                                 
A pristine streams that are near polluted streams become polluted themselves
B the particular adaptations of a polluted stream's salmon population can be preserved without dilution---高迷失率相关，且无证据说明低迷失率就会preserved
C the number of salmon in pristine habitats decreases relative to the number in polluted streams
D an environmentally degraded stream could be recolonized by new salmon populations should the stream recover
E the extinction of the salmon populations that spawn in polluted streams is accelerated
难句子翻译：Low levels of straying are crucial, since the process provides a source of novel genes and a mechanism by which a location can be repopulated should the fish there disappear.低迷失率是关键的，因为这个过程提供了一个新奇的基因来源和机制：这个地方(if) should the fish there disappear虚拟语气 可以（通过[by which]这个process）be repopulated.
我庆幸有一个英专的死党
搞定，吃饭。

liuqian2233

叶晴豆 发表于 2014-1-10 15:23
谢谢在努力恢复中~
我想即使没有大牛的素质，我也要有大牛的气质。 ...

打一下你的嫩屁屁，清醒了继续去复习吧！~

叶晴豆

liuqian2233 发表于 2014-1-10 14:38
剑魄不散，琴心不乱

谢谢在努力恢复中~
我想即使没有大牛的素质，我也要有大牛的气质。

liuqian2233

剑魄不散，琴心不乱